电化学充氢条件下X70管线钢及其焊缝的氢致开裂行为

采用电化学充氢的方法研究了X70管线钢在不同浓度硫酸溶液中的氢致开裂(HIC)行为．结果表明,增大充氢电流密度、延长充氢时间以及降低充氢溶液的pH值能够促进氢进入X70钢基体．微观观察表明,X70钢中的非金属夹杂物如氮化物和氧化物等对其氢致开裂行为有不同的影响,氮化物夹杂并不是充氢裂纹的必然形核位置,而Mg,Al,Ca等的氧化物是更为有害的氢致裂纹源．通过氢渗透实验测得室温下氢在X70钢中的有效扩散系数为3．34×10-9cm2／s．对XT0管线钢基体及焊缝试样电化学预充氢后拉伸,焊缝试样的拉伸塑性较差,各项塑性指标在充氢前、后均低于X70钢基体材料．     

一种车用低合金铸钢氢扩散系数的测定方法

采用双电解池电化学氢渗透法测试氢在一种低合金铸钢中的扩散系数,并利用基于半无限扩散模型的氢渗透修正公式,分析试样厚度、充氢电流密度和测试温度等因素对氢扩散系数测定值的影响规律。结果表明:试样厚度对氢扩散系数测量值没有明显影响,不过从材料均匀性方面考虑,选取较厚的试样应获得更准确的测试值;充氢电流密度越大,表观氢扩散系数与理论值越接近;氢扩散系数随测试温度升高而增大,其关系式为D=0.052 8exp(-22.47/RT)。     

搪瓷钢的氢扩散研究

采用双电解槽氢渗透法研究了表面镀镍与否、试样厚度、充氢溶液中硫脲含量和充氢电流密度等各种因素对扩散系数的倒数TH值的影响。结果表明,表面粗磨、不镀镍,也能测出稳定的TH值。当试样厚度d从0.25 mm增至0.6 mm,TH值线性下降;d≥0.6 mm 后,TH值保持不变。升高电流密度、增加硫脲含量均使TH值下降。     

X80 管线钢在酸性环境下的氢致开裂行为研究

目的研究X80管线钢在我国典型酸性环境(鹰潭土壤模拟溶液)下的氢致开裂行为。方法采用电化学动电位扫描技术、慢应变速率拉伸实验和扫描电镜技术,分析氢在X80管线钢中的渗透行为、材料的放氢行为、电化学充氢对材料拉伸性能的影响以及材料断口的形貌。结果通过氢渗透实验测得,在室温下,氢在X80管线钢中的的氢扩散通量J∞=7.31×10-11mol/(cm2·s),有效扩散系数Deff=5.36×10-8cm2/s,可扩散氢浓度C0=7.64×10-5mol/cm3。钢中的氧化铝类非金属夹杂及表面点蚀坑促进了氢致裂纹的萌生,充氢后试样发生穿晶断裂。随着充氢时间的增加,断口由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂,氢致开裂敏感性增高。结论 X80管线钢在我国典型酸性环境下(鹰潭土壤模拟溶液)具有较高的氢致开裂敏感性。     

管线钢在含H_2S的NaCl溶液中氢渗透行为的研究

通过电化学渗氢技术研究了施加不同阴极电位条件下含不同H2S浓度的3.5%NaCl溶液中X70管线钢的氢渗透行为.结果表明,稳态渗氢电流P∞随H2S浓度的增大而逐渐增大,但一定时间内,渗透过试样的氢原子摩尔数并不随之单调增加;氢原子的渗透受到阴极电位的控制,阴极电位越负,渗氢电流越大;在一定电位范围内,稳态渗氢电流P∞和一定时间内渗透过试样的氢原子摩尔数N与阴极电位呈线性关系.扩散系数与试验条件无关.     

管线钢在含H2S的NaCl溶液中氢渗透行为的研究

通过电化学渗氢技术研究了施加不同阴极电位条件下含不同H2S浓度的3.5%NaCl溶液中X70管线钢的氢渗透行为.结果表明,稳态渗氢电流P∞随H2S浓度的增大而逐渐增大,但一定时间内,渗透过试样的氢原子摩尔数并不随之单调增加;氢原子的渗透受到阴极电位的控制,阴极电位越负,渗氢电流越大;在一定电位范围内,稳态渗氢电流P∞和一定时间内渗透过试样的氢原子摩尔数N与阴极电位呈线性关系.扩散系数与试验条件无关.     

氢陷阱对纯净钢SM490B中氢扩散行为的作用

利用电化学氢渗透法研究了氢陷阱对纯净钢SM490B中氢扩散的影响,研究结果表明,在SM490B钢中不可逆氢陷阱对氢的表观扩散系数没有影响,但会延长氢原子的穿透时间,而可逆氢陷阱则降低了氢的表观扩散系数.当氢渗透电流密度小于8 mA/cm2时,随充氢电流密度增加,氢原子的表观扩散系数随之增大;当氢渗透电流密度大于8 mA/cm2后,随着氢渗透电流密度的增大,氢在SM490B钢中的表观扩散系数保持恒定.在温度30℃时,氢原子在无氢陷阱的纯净钢SM490B理想晶格中的扩散系数为3.97×10-5cm2/s.     

高强度管线钢电化学充氢行为

通过对X70、X80高强度管线钢在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中进行电化学充氢,应用排油集气法研究了氢在这两种钢中的扩散行为。结果表明,在一定的充氢电流密度下管线钢吸收氢存在一个稳定的扩散氢浓度,该氢浓度与充氢电流密度的平方根呈线性关系。管线钢吸收可扩散氢的浓度随钢的强度提高而升高。     

pH值对海水中TMCP X80钢氢脆敏感性影响

采用氢渗透实验法、动电位极化法研究TMCP X80管线钢在不同pH值海水中的氢渗透行为,结合扫描电镜 (SEM) 观察研究显微组织及氢渗透行为对氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明,随着海水pH值的减小,析氢电位发生正移。天然海水和酸性海水中氢扩散系数随着极化电位负移而增加;极化电流密度越大,氢扩散系数和氢浓度越大。在负于析氢电位时,显微形貌显示出明显的蚀坑和氢鼓泡,酸性海水中更严重。随着海水pH值的减小及外加阴极极化电位负移,氢扩散到材料内部的量更大;充氢电流密度增加也促进氢的扩散,X80钢氢脆敏感性增加。     

X80管线钢氢致开裂研究

通过电化学充氢法研究了X80管线钢氢致裂纹(HIC)的种类及开裂特征,探讨了氢致开裂规律,对X80管线钢的氢致开裂影响因素进行了分析.结果表明:随充氢时间的延长和电流密度的增大,氢鼓泡的密度逐渐增大,体积先增大后趋于稳定;形成的氢致裂纹主要呈阶梯状,由直线型裂纹和“S型裂纹”组成,多以穿晶方式扩展,裂纹尖端沿着晶界萌生;X80管线钢中的带状组织是氢致裂纹萌生和扩展的聚集场所;非金属夹杂物是氢致裂纹萌生的裂纹源,其中较大尺寸的A1和Si的氧化物易于诱发“S型裂纹”形成,对管线钢抗氢致开裂的敏感性有很大影响.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.