饼干产业的五彩路

截至2000年，中国县级以上的饼干企业约有4000余家，饼干类产品生产线约5000余条。饼干产品的年产量正以每年10％-15％的速度递增，预计2005年生产规模将达到170万吨。统计资料显示，在所有的方便食品中，饼干市场规模最大。     

油脂食品中反式脂肪酸含量研究

本文采用毛细管气相色谱法对我国市场上的著片、炸鸡、麻花和饼干等常见的几类油脂食品中反式脂肪酸含量进行定量分析,结果表明,薯片和方便面面饼中反式脂肪酸含量较少,基本在1％以下;饼干中反式脂肪酸含量以夹心类饼干最高,一般在3％以上,最高可达18．30％,酥性饼干和曲奇中反式脂肪酸含量则一般在3％以下;蛋黄派中反式脂肪酸含量为0．97％－18．21％;洋快餐食品（薯条、炸鸡）和中国传统油炸食品（油条、麻花）中反式脂肪酸含量与油炸时间和煎炸油反复使用的周期有关,其测定值存在显著差异。反式脂肪酸含量低可在1％以下。高可迭13％以上。     

中国饼干市场的未来空间

改革开放20多年来,我国的饼干业得到了稳步而快速的发展。从1985年以来,全国已引进数十条先进饼干生产线,合资企业蓬勃涌现,中国饼干产品的生产能力得到大幅度提高,2001年达到120万吨。法国的达能、美国的纳贝斯克、英国的奇宝和台湾的康师傅等国外和台湾地区的知名品牌纷纷抢滩中国市场。同时,市场上酥性饼干、韧性饼干、苏打饼干、夹心饼干、曲奇     

奥利奥在华“失宠”谁之过

<正>"扭一扭,舔一舔,泡一泡。"曾经的电视广告中,这样的经典吃法让中国的许多孩子爱上了来自美国的奥利奥饼干,奥利奥也迅速成为中国市场上最受欢迎的饼干领导品牌之一。然而,近日,英国媒体刊发报道称,奥利奥饼干仅用3年便迅速在中国市场"失宠",甚至奥利奥的制造商亿滋(Mondelez)关闭了上海的一些生产线。     

饼干三巨头 竞夺中国“夜宴”

中国是一个极具饼干消费潜力的大国。近年由于世界食品的消费持续增长．饼干的消费在大多数国家的食品消费中位居榜首。来自WHO（世界卫生组织）的数据表明．发达国家饼干的人均年消费量为25—35公斤．中等发达国家电有12-18公斤．而在中国市场．人均年消费量仅1公斤，消费额只有8-10元。如此大的差距说明了中国的饼干市场存在巨大的潜力．也正是这种潜力背后隐藏的巨大利益让竞争不断升温．进入2006年．目前中国饼干市场上的三大巨头——美国卡夫、法国达能和康师博．都不约而同地加快了步伐，也加大了争夺的力度．意欲在中国市场的丰盛宴席中，分得最鲜美的大餐。     

韧性饼干工业加工应用酶制剂替代焦亚硫酸钠解决方案

中国饼干行业市场现状及趋势预测目前,中国饼干行业的发展较为成熟,也高度分散。相关统计数据显示,2012、2013年中国饼干行业的生产均保持两位数的增长。其中,咸味饼干的表现尤为突出,一些细分产品在未来的发展同样值得期待。但是,由于产品单价较低,业内企业始终面临成本上升的压力。由此可以预见,未来中国饼干行业的发展将依然处于上升趋势,但这种趋势并不能覆盖到行业中每一家企业。富有创     

四洲力拓合资食品零售业务

<正> 四洲集团拟继续与食品商组建合资公司,扩大货品种类,增加在食品零售市场的占有率。 该集团从事日本副食品及饼干业已有25年。以营业额计算,日本小食店占分销食品最大部分,超过35％,其次是巧克力及糖果,占22％左右,另外饮料亦占营业额20％以上,饼干等占其余部分。 四洲分销的产品,行销日本各大百货公司如大丸、崇光及     

馒头专用粉质量稳定控制探讨

<正>前几年,国内专用粉主要是面包,饼干,糕点一类高档专用粉,由于当时国内这一类产品是空白,南方一些面粉厂,如广东抢先占领了这一市场,同时也给这些起步较早的专用粉厂带来丰厚的利润。然而这几年如面包,饼干,糕点专用粉市场已趋于饱和,同时面包,糕点又不是中国消费者主食,市场份额有限,使这类专用粉竞争日趋激烈。     

韧性饼干工业加工应用酶制剂替代焦亚硫酸钠解决方案

中国饼干行业市场现状及趋势预测 目前，中国饼干行业的发展较为成熟，也高度分散。相关统计数据显示，2012，2013年中国饼干行业的生产均保持两位数的增长。其中，威味饼干的表现尤为突出，一些细分产品在未来的发展同样值得期待。但是，由于产品单价较低，业内企业始终面临成本上升的压力。由此可以预见，未来中国饼干行业的发展将依然处于上升趋势，但这种趋势并不能覆盖到行业中每一家企业。     

中国烘焙业 准备好了吗

<正> 近几年我国烘焙食品一直保持着14％的增长率,其增长速度远超过食品工业平均增长速度。从2002年全国规模以上企业统计数据来看,饼干的产量就达140万吨(因为饼干市场较为成熟,本文不作为讨论重点),糕点120多万吨(其中月饼60万吨),面包近90万吨(根据酵母产量和面包粉产量推算,可能有一定误差)。     

江苏省饼干行业市场研究分析

<正> 饼干行业在行业分类上属于食品制造业中的焙烤食品糖制品行业中的一个分行业。在改革开放之初,一直处于平稳发展阶段,产业规模小,产量低,产品花色单一,是一个比较落后的传统食品行业。1978年改革开放后,中国饼干业开始进入一个快速发展的时期,特别是广东省饼干业的超高速发展,为整个中国饼     

Quality evaluation of biscuits produced from composite blends of pumpkin seed oil press cake and wheat flour

Pumpkin seed oil press cake (PSOPC) is a by-product of pumpkin oil production, and after cold pressing, a significant amount of oil still remains in the press cake. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible use of PSOPC flour as a substitute for wheat flour in biscuit production and, consequently, for reducing shortening usage. Biscuits have been produced from composite blends of plain white flour and PSOPC flour in ratios 100:0, 80:20, 60:40 and 40:60, respectively. Shortening addition was gradually reduced depending on the PSOPC flour addition. Biscuit baking quality was determined by width, thickness, spread factor, volume and textural properties. Computer vision was used to evaluate biscuit colour, and sensory evaluation was conducted for colour, taste, texture and overall acceptance. Results showed that PSOPC flour decreased biscuit diameter, height and volume and also caused a softer texture of biscuit. PSOPC flour contributed to the greenish colour of biscuits and the pleasant taste of roasted pumpkin seed. PSOPC flour can be successfully used as a functional and nutritionally valuable substitute for wheat flour and shortening, even in quantities up to 60%, without significant deterioration of the technological quality of biscuits.     

海水稻米糠饼干生产工艺优化及其品质特性分析

米糠是海水稻海红米的主要副产物,含有许多营养素及生理活性物质,对其进行利用开发新产品有利于资源的有效利用。以海水稻米糠为原料,通过单因素实验和响应面实验优化米糠饼干的生产工艺,结合质构、电子鼻测定分析与感官模糊评定方法,分析米糠粉、黄油、白砂糖添加量对米糠饼干的色泽、风味等的影响。结果表明,海水稻米糠饼干最佳配方为：以总面粉质量为基准（100%）,低筋面粉63.5%、粟粉23.68%、澄面13.16%、鸡蛋26.32%、黄油59.38%、细砂糖31.12%、米糠粉10.53%,此时米糠饼干的感官评分最高。质构分析发现,随着米糠添加量的增加,饼干的硬度、韧性和脆性及感官评分先升高后下降,饼干色泽不断加深。电子鼻结果表明,不同配方的饼干产品的风味特征之间存在差异,各配方的饼干产品均对氮氧化合物以及硫化物较为敏感,通过主成分分析,可以简单区分不同饼干产品。以期开发海水稻副产品的精加工产品,促进谷物副产物综合深加工利用提供参考。     

MOISTURE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF BISCUITS FORMULATED USING WHEAT, OATMEAL AND PASSION FRUIT FLOUR

Moisture adsorption isotherms from a new biscuit considered as functional food were determined using a gravimetric static method at 25 and 40C and over a range of relative humidity from 0.112 to 0.903. The biscuit had 2.5, 3.3, 10.0 and 31.0% of ash, fiber, protein and fat, respectively, and 4.7% moisture content. The equilibrium moisture content of the biscuit (kg/kg) increased when the storage temperature at any given water activity ( A _w) was reduced. The experimental data were analyzed using different models, namely Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) (three-parameter relationships), Henderson and Oswin (both models with two parameters), which exhibited a sigmoid shape at the studied temperatures. The maximum isosteric heat of sorption was 21.6 kJ/mol, which exponentially decreased when the moisture content was increased. The GAB model was found to be the most suitable for describing the adsorption characteristics at the temperature and A _w range studied, according to the relative error and the coefficient determination.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This article describes the characterization of moisture adsorption behavior of a new biscuit considered as functional food. In general, the sorption behaviors of several foods have been studied extensively; nevertheless, a reduced number of published articles about biscuit sorption isotherms are found in the literature. The experimental data reported in this article may be important for the scientific community of the food science and technology. Isosteric heat of sorption is important for the determination of the binding strength of water to the food, as well as the amount of water present in the food.     

Phenolic extracts of carrot,grape leaf and turmeric powder: antioxidant potential and application in biscuits

Natural antioxidants have gained interest for their role in preventing lipids oxidation. The goals of this investigation were to study the antioxidant potential of carrot (Daucus carota), grape (Vitis vinifera) leaf and turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder extracts and to evaluate their addition as natural antioxidants in biscuits. Physical and chemical properties of biscuit were evaluated during processing and storage. Electrophoretic properties of biscuit dough were carried out to understand the impact of different extracts on the processing of biscuits. Biscuits prepared with 1 % (w/w) grape leaves ethanol (70 %) extract (GLE), carrot aqueous extract (CE), and tumeric aqueous extract (TE) were acceptable. Among extracts, TE was found to retain only 11.2 % activity, wherein GLE had retained 51.0 % activity after baking, which was comparable to butylated hydroxyanisole and better than tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). TBHQ was found to possess the highest activity, followed by GLE, TE and CE, respectively. The ash content of biscuits enriched with TE and GLE was near to that of the control sample. Addition of CE, GLE and TBHQ reduced the force required for breakage. After 15 days of storage, PV was increased in all samples, but in the case of GLE-enriched sample there was a sudden increase in PV from 0.034 to 0.374. Supportive electrophoresis study indicated that there was no change in the protein subunits of biscuit dough fro different samples. It could be concluded that GLE, CE and TE might be used in biscuit baking as natural antioxidants.     

计算机辅助X光断层扫描对半甜韧性饼干的质构无损量化检测

采用X光计算断层扫描（X-ray computed tomography,CT）法研究了半甜韧性饼干（以下简称饼干）的 质构特征,并将CT参数与饼干常规物理参数进行了相关性研究。结果显示：CT测试所获得的组织重构可以直观再 现饼干的内部结构（二维及三维）;CT密度、孔隙率以及气泡截面积的平均值与饼干面团中蛋白酶或焦亚硫酸钠 （以下简称焦亚）的添加量、饼干厚度以及表观密度具有显著相关性（R＞0.9,P＜0.05）,反映出CT参数可以客 观地量化由于蛋白酶或焦亚添加量不同所导致的饼干组织结构变化。当蛋白酶或焦亚对面团产生程度相当的减弱面 筋（减筋）作用时,两种面团饼干的常规物理参数及CT参数均表现出显著性差异（P＜0.05）,并且饼干气泡截面 积的分布也表现出不同的特征,表明CT参数可以反映由于不同的减筋原理导致的饼干质构差异。结果表明,CT测 试可以应用于饼干质构的定性和定量测定,为饼干的生产与研究提供有益的信息。     

山药粉对面团特性和韧性饼干品质的影响

为研究山药粉添加量对面团特性和饼干营养品质的影响,本文分析不同山药粉添加量对面团粉质特性、糊化特性、质构特性、面筋含量及韧性饼干感官品质的影响,同时评价最佳工艺条件下饼干的营养品质。结果表明,随着山药粉添加量的持续加大,面团形成时间、稳定时间、衰减值、面团弹性及饼干感官质量先增加后降低,面团弱化度持续削减,最低粘度、峰值粘度和最终粘度及回生值呈现持续增加。当山药粉添加量为20%时,韧性饼干的口感较好,带有山药风味。与普通韧性饼干相比,脂肪含量和快速消化淀粉含量分别显著降低12%和23%(P<0.05),蛋白质、黄酮、慢速消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量分别增加15%、33%、11%和22%(P<0.05)。山药韧性饼干符合现代饼干市场需求。     

鹰嘴豆全麦粉酥性饼干研制及品质分析表征

目的为开发一款低糖、低脂、富含氨基酸和膳食纤维的功能性饼干。方法以低筋粉、鹰嘴豆、全麦粉、玉米油等原料研制鹰嘴豆全麦粉酥性饼干,以感官评分为评定指标经单因素和正交试验优化得到最优配方。采用质构仪和低场核磁共振分析表征了不同组分条件下鹰嘴豆全麦粉酥性饼干的内在结构和水分分布情况。结果通过正交实验优化了鹰嘴豆全麦粉酥性饼干配方为：鹰嘴豆粉17.5%、全麦粉30%+低筋粉70%、木糖醇25%、玉米油22.5%。在此配方下制得的鹰嘴豆全麦粉酥性饼干感官评分最高且硬度、脆性、胶黏性和咀嚼性均高于其他试验组。结论本研究为膳食纤维功能饼干研发与生产提供理论参考。     

响应面法优化芸豆椰香酥性饼干配方

目的 运用响应面法优化芸豆椰香酥性饼干配方。方法 采用芸豆粉、椰粉和低筋面粉为主要原料,以感官评价为指标,利用单因素和响应面实验优化芸豆椰香酥性饼干的最佳配方。利用质构分析实验和国家标准法测定产品的质构特性和理化微生物指标。结果 芸豆椰香酥性饼干的最佳配方为:以低筋面粉质量为基准,芸豆粉4%、椰粉8%、黄油34%、白砂糖16%、鸡蛋25%、奶粉10%、小苏打2%、盐1%。最优配方下制备的芸豆椰香酥性饼干的硬度、弹性、酥脆性和咀嚼性等质构指标与市售酥性饼干相比差异不显著(P>0.05),达到了对酥性饼干质构特征的标准,且符合国家标准对饼干理化指标和微生物限量的要求。结论 本研究得到的芸豆椰香酥性饼干色泽均匀、口感细腻酥松、营养均衡、具有芸豆和椰子特有的风味,为酥性饼干的开发提供了理论依据。     

An investigation into the fate of sulphites added to hard sweet biscuit doughs

A radiotracer technique, employing [³⁵S]sulphur, has been used to determine the fate of sulphites added to hard sweet biscuit doughs. The results show that about 93% of the sulphur added to the dough as sulphite or metabisulphite remains in the biscuit. This figure is made up of about 30% sulphur as inorganic sulphate and 63% sulphur combined in an organic form; some evidence is presented to suggest that this sulphur may be combined with the biscuit protein as S-sulphoprotein. Less than 0.2% of the sulphur remains as inorganic sulphite in the finished biscuit.