超超临界塔式炉半辐射区优化吹灰的研究

基于热平衡和传热原理建立超超临界塔式锅炉半辐射、半对流高温受热面的污染监测模型。依据电厂受热面进、出口烟温测点及机组运行实时数据,通过热力计算得出受热面灰污变化规律,并分析灰污系数的影响因素。经过在国内某1 000 MW超超临界塔式炉进行大量的吹灰前后对比试验,验证了灰污监测模型的正确性和适用性。结合吹灰经验,提出了合理的吹灰方案,对于锅炉吹灰系统的优化运行具有实际指导作用。     

基于灰污状态监测的600MW超临界锅炉吹灰试验研究

对燃煤电站锅炉的受热面进行按需吹灰成为当前吹灰工作的热点,介绍了在某600 MW超临界机组上开发的锅炉受热面灰污状况在线监测系统,列举了全程吹灰方式和优化吹灰方式的对比试验结果。利用监测系统实现选择性吹灰,可以在保证吹灰效果的前提下有效降低吹灰蒸汽损耗,提高锅炉运行经济性,防止吹灰不当造成的管壁过度磨损。     

300MW锅炉对流受热面灰污计算及其应用

以大容量电站锅炉机组热力计算标准为前提,在已有的基础上根据热平衡方法构建锅炉对流传热计算模型,分别计算受热面实际运行的传热系数和清洁状态下的理想传热系数,定义了能实时反映受热面污染情况的清洁因子,可以用于锅炉对流受热面积灰、结渣故障的预测诊断,从而优化锅炉吹灰模式,为优化锅炉吹灰提供指导作用。     

燃煤电站锅炉的吹灰策略研究

在实现锅炉受热面污染在线监测和熵产在线分析的基础上,从保证锅炉安全稳定运行和实现吹灰收益最大化的角度出发,提出了制定吹灰策略所要遵循的基本原则.根据这些基本原则和锅炉机组的实际运行特性,制定了优化吹灰策略,并建立了3种适合于不同受热面的吹灰模式将优化吹灰策略用于燃煤电站锅炉计算机监测系统上,改变了原来定时吹灰方式,实现了锅炉各主要受热面的优化吹灰.     

电站锅炉对流受热面积灰在线监测的研究

针对在线监测电站锅炉对流受热面积灰的需要,建立了对流受热面的污染监测模型.以HG1021/18.2-YM9型锅炉为监测对象,开发了受热面积灰在线监测系统,成功实现了锅炉对流受热面污染的在线监测.     

燃煤电站锅炉对流受热面积灰在线监测的研究

针对在线监测电站锅炉对流受热面积灰的需要,建立了对流受热面的污染监测模型。以某300 MW机组的1 025 t/h锅炉为监测对象,开发了受热面积灰在线监测系统,成功实现了锅炉对流受热面污染的在线监测。     

600 MW超临界锅炉尾部对流受热面积灰监测研究

为实现电厂按需吹灰,基于热平衡原理选取污染率作为积灰监测指标反映受热面的积灰程度,针对尾部对流受热面建立积灰监测模型并形成污染率计算流程。以某台600 MW超临界变压运行直流炉为实施对象,对尾部低过、低再及省煤器三个受热面进行污染率计算分析,结合积灰监测结果和安全经济性原则对尾部受热面的吹灰方式进行动态调整,并进行了3天积灰试验。结果表明:建立的积灰监测模型可准确反映受热面的积灰程度;工质吸热量可作为辅助参数判断受热面的积灰情况;整体优化了对象锅炉尾部受热面的吹灰策略,给出吹灰频率可适当减少的吹灰建议,为电厂实际吹灰运行提供了指导与参考。     

吹灰对锅炉对流受热面传热熵产影响的试验研究

建立了锅炉对流受热面传热熵产的计算模型,并给出了传热熵产生数的计算公式.对1台600 MW机组燃煤锅炉进行了不同吹灰模式的试验.结合采集的实时数据,利用建立的传热熵产模型计算了各对流受热面吹灰前后的传热熵产,得出了吹灰对各受热面传热熵产的影响曲线,分析了该锅炉各吹灰模式的利弊,提出了吹灰模式优化的建议.     

锅炉对流受热面灰污监测研究

为了提高电站锅炉对流受热面灰污监测的准确性,更好地进行吹灰优化,提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机的锅炉对流受热面灰污监测方法。以天津北疆电厂1 000 MW机组锅炉为例,建立监测模型,分析了模型建立过程中输入参数的选择、数据的采集与筛选、数据的预处理、核函数的选择等。结果表明:此模型监测结果与电厂的实际吹灰操作一致,能够较准确地实现电站锅炉受热面的灰污监测,为电厂进一步地吹灰优化打下了良好的基础。     

300MW燃煤电站锅炉受热面优化吹灰模型的研究与实现

在实现受热面污染程度在线监测的基础上，以消耗较少量的蒸汽获得最大吹灰收益为主要目的，权衡吹灰带来的锅炉效率的提高和吹灰蒸汽损耗，建立了考虑机组经济性及汽温协调控制等各主要因素的优化吹灰模型，综合制定了优化吹灰策略，并提供可直接用于指导吹灰的操作程序，在某台300MW燃煤电站锅炉计算机监测系统上投运实施，初步实现了锅炉各主要受热面的优化吹灰。图6参7     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型

应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Ｇａｍｍａ分布形式,在Ａｒｇｙｒｉｏｕｓ和Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

Investigation of effect of variation of cycle parameters on thermodynamic performance of gas-steam combined cycle

The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration.