聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制务、结构与性能

首次将插层纳米复合技术与互穿聚合物网络（IPN）技术相结合,通过同步插层聚合法制备了聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土（PU/PMMA/OMMT）纳米复合材料.XRD、SEM、TGA等研究表明,在聚氨酯/有机蒙脱土（PU/OMMT）体系中蒙脱土以40～700 nm的团聚体不均匀地分散在聚氨酯基体中,且部分蒙脱土被插层,其层间距增加了0.95nm,体系为插层型纳米复合材料.PU/PMMA/OMMT体系中蒙脱土以20～80nm的粒子分布于聚合物基体中,且蒙脱土的插层效果显著,是PU/OMMT体系的2.5倍,形成了插层型纳米复合材料.同时,蒙脱土的加入使得聚氨酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的互穿聚合物网络（PU/PMMA-IPN）体系中PU相与PMMA相间相分离更明显,塑性相畴粒子尺寸显著增加,且各相中两组分相互作用加强,分布更均匀.PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性高于其他材料.同时对其力学性能进行了研究,发现其力学性能明显优于聚氨酯、基于聚氨酯和PU/PMMA-IPN和PU/OMMT纳米复合材料.     

St-PMI-AN/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用乳液插层聚合的方法制备了苯乙烯（St）-N-苯基马来酰亚胺（PMI）-丙烯腈（AN）/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并对复合材料的结构、热性能及力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,与蒙脱土插层复合后,复合材料的综合性能有很大提高.采用未经有机化处理的蒙脱土（MMT）制备St-PMI-AN/MMT纳米复合材料,制备工艺比采用有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）简单,而且得到的复合材料的综合性能与St-PMI-AN/OMMT相当,甚至其冲击强度略高.     

溶液聚合制聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

利用溶液聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土插层复合材料。XRD、IR等表明，聚丙烯酰胺已进入蒙脱土层间，并使之剥离。DSC表明，剥离型纳米复合材料的热稳定性提高，这是由于蒙脱土纳米片层与基体大分子链相互作用的结果。研究结果表明，复合材料调湿性能优于基体材料。     

熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能的研究

采用熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.对制备的PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行表征和研究,通过XRD分析了PET基体中蒙脱土片层的插层情况,发现达到预期效果;试验数据表明:有机蒙脱土使复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降,拉伸模量和弯曲模量上升;随着有机蒙脱土含量的增加,复合材料的阻隔性能得到提高.     

乳液插层法制聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

概述了一种聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的新制备方法———乳液插层法。该插层法分为两大类 :聚合物乳液插层和单体乳液插层 ,这两大类又可按各自不同的插层机理进行分类。叙述了蒙脱土和复合材料的结构 ,以及复合材料的一些特性。并对聚合物乳液 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的插层过程进行了热力学和动力学分析 ,指出将实验室技术产业化是今后发展方向     

乙烯基硅橡胶/改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构性能研究

采用机械共混原位插层法制备乙烯基硅橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,在乙烯基硅橡胶混炼和硫化过程中实现与蒙脱土的插层复合.XRD和SEM扫描分析表明,蒙脱土的层间结构发生变化,蒙脱土的层间间距由1.28m扩撑到4.90m,乙烯基硅橡胶/改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的tanδ值在160～175℃之间显著降低,内耗下降.     

两种粘土与PVC复合材料的热性能及微结构分析

吸附有丙烯酰胺（AM）和引发剂（DCP）的蒙脱土和凹凸棒土分别与PVC／PE复合制备纳米复合材料,比较不同粘土对纳米复合材料的影响。在加工过程中,引发剂引发单体丙烯酰胺原位形成相容剂,促进复合树脂对两种粘土的复合。并用XRD、TEM、SEM、TGA等测试对复合材料的微结构及热性能进行表征研究。     

PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO_2纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用原位插层聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料和聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土/二氧化硅(PMAA/MMT/SiO2)纳米复合材料,并比较两种纳米复合材料的结构与性能。研究结果表明,PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于插层与剥离共存型纳米复合材料。PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料中蒙脱土的特征衍射峰已经消失,蒙脱土与二氧化硅均匀分散在聚合物基体中。PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料均有一定的鞣制性能,但相对而言PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料的鞣制效果较好。     

硬聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

以蒙脱土为主要原料，通过适宜的有机物插层荆对其改性研制有机蒙脱土。利用高聚物PVC的亲油性，且运用插层技术将聚合物熔融插入有机蒙脱土层间，将蒙脱土片层刺离出来，使之蚋米级地分散在PVC相中，从而制得硬聚氯乙烯（PVC—U）／层状硅酸盐蚋米复合管材，管材的力学性能得到了较大的改善。同时，FT—IR和XRD也证实了蒙脱土已均匀地分散在PVC基体中。此外，文中还用热重分析仪考察了复合材料的热性能，蒙脱土的加入提高了PVC的耐热等级。     

阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能

采用原位插层复合法,制备了包含十溴二苯醚和蒙脱土的阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。通过XRD、SEM和TEM等手段表征阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的微观结构。通过拉伸、冲击和氧指数实验对阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能进行研究。结果表明,当蒙脱土的含量为0.6%时,阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的氧指数与阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯复合材料相比从24.1上升到25.4,冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高82.66%和31.05%。燃烧残余物数码照片和扫描电镜照片显示蒙脱土促进了炭层形成。     

Reduction of residual stress in montmorillonite/epoxy compounds

An epoxy resin was cured while in intimate contact with small amounts of epoxyphilic montmorillonites. It was determined that cured epoxy exists within the montmorillonite interlayer by the observation of very high interlayer spacings, even greater than 8 nm, Generally, epoxy compounds containing montmorillonites that had been swollen in the curing agent prior to curing exhibited larger interlayer spacings, especially among the non-dispersed montmorillonite layers. The maximum observed residual stress was reduced by greater than 50% in the epoxyphilic montmorillonite/epoxy compounds over that of the pure epoxy. The epoxyphilic montmorillonite/epoxy compounds generally exhibited higher values of glass transition temperature, flexural modulus, and ultimate flexural strength than the pure epoxy. The tyramine-montmorillonite compounds typically had the highest values overall.     

Mechanism of p-nitrophenol adsorption from aqueous solution by HDTMA+-pillared montmorillonite--implications for water purification

HDTMA+-pillared montmorillonites were obtained by pillaring different amounts of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMAB) into sodium montmorillonite (Na-Mt) in an aqueous solution. The optimum conditions and batch kinetics of sorption of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions are reported. The solution pH had a very important effect on the sorption of p-nitrophenol. The maximum p-nitrophenol absorption/adsorption occurs when solution pH (7.15-7.35) is approximately equal to the pKa (7.16) of the p-nitrophenol ion deprotonation reaction. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that surfactant cations had been pillared into the interlayer and the p-nitrophenol affected the arrangement of surfactant. With the increased concentration of surfactant cations, the arrangement of HDTMA+ within the clay interlayer changes and the sorption of p-nitrophenol increases. HDTMA+-pillared montmorillonites are more effective than Na-Mt for the adsorption of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions. The Langmuir, Freundlich and dual-mode sorption were tested to fit the sorption isotherms.     

含季鏻阳离子的抗菌改性蒙脱土的制备及表征

采用离子交换法将十六烷基三苯基插入到钠基蒙脱土的层间得到4种不同季鏻阳离子含量的改性蒙脱土,通过热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射法（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征了结构,并测试了其Zeta电位和抗菌活性. 发现4种改性蒙脱土中季鏻阳离子的热分解起始温度都高于230℃,具有较好的热稳定性. 并且随着改性蒙脱土中季鏻阳离子含量的增加,其层间距变大、Zeta电位升高、抗菌活性增强. 钠基蒙脱土为片状结构,粒子之间相互缠绕在一起,而改性蒙脱土显示不规则形状. 对季鏻阳离子含量为23.55wt%的QPC/MMT 3样品,其对大肠杆菌（E.coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）的最低抑菌浓度（MICs）分别为1.2和0.1g/L;与细菌接触24h后,1.0g/L的样品可杀死99.9%以上的E.coli,0.1g/L的样品可杀死所有的S.aureus. QPC/MMT 3还具有较好的耐水性能.     

有机化试剂结构对粘弹性大分子插层蒙脱土的影响

以Gemini季铵盐、十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱和十二烷基三甲基溴化铵为有机化试剂对蒙脱土进行有机化处理和粘弹性大分子插层反应,通过XRD分析测试手段,研究了有机化试剂空间结构大小及可反应基团获得的有机化蒙脱土结构差异,以及粘弹性大分子对不同有机化结构蒙脱土的插层行为,结果表明Gemini季铵盐对蒙脱土进行有机化处理效果最好,粘弹性大分子插层Gemini季铵盐有机化蒙脱土的插层量大于含可反应基团的十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱有机化蒙脱土以及十二烷基三甲基溴化铵有机化蒙脱土的插层量。     

Morphology,thermal and mechanical properties of PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending and solution blending + melt compounding

Two types of montmorillonite (MMT), natural sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), in different amounts of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 phr (parts per hundred resin), were dispersed in rigid poly (vinyl chloride) by two different methods: solution blending and solution blending + melt compounding. The effects on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the PVC/MMT nanocomposites were studied by varying the amount of Na-MMT and OMMT in both methods. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that possible intercalated and exfoliated structures were obtained in all of the PVC/MMT nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PVC/Na-MMT nanocomposites have better thermal stability than PVC/OMMT nanocomposites and PVC. In general, PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending + melt compounding revealed improved thermal properties compared to PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending. Vicat tests revealed a significant decrease in Vicat softening temperature of PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending + melt compounding compared to unfilled PVC.     

Characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate modified iron pillared montmorillonite and its application for the removal of aqueous Cu(II) and Co(II)

Anionic surfactant modified Fe-pillared montmorillonites were prepared by Fe-hydrate solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. These organo–inorgano complex montmorillonites were divided into three types (CM1, CM2 and CM3) depending on different intercalation processes. X-ray diffraction spectra, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to analyze the structure of the raw and modified montmorillonites. X-ray photoelectron spectra of the simples have been studied to determine spectral characteristics to allow the identification of Fe(III) hydroxide. The specific surface area of the host montmorillonite (M0) is 73.2 m²/g, while for the modified montmorillonites it is 114.0 m²/g, 117.2 m²/g, and 115.8 m²/g, respectively. The mesopore volumes of the montmorillonites decrease after modification. Ions of copper and cobalt were selected as adsorbates to evaluate the adsorption performance of each montmorillonite. The adsorption data was analyzed by both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models and the data was well fit by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption was efficient and significantly influenced by metal speciation, metal concentration, contact time, and pH. Higher adsorption capacity of the modified montmorillonites were obtained at pH 5–6. The results of desorption indicated that the metal ions were covalently bound to the modified montmorillonites.     

阴-非离子型有机蒙脱石粉体的制备和表征

用阴离子表面活性剂硬脂酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠分别与非离子表面活性剂曲拉通100组合,制备阴-非离子型有机蒙脱石粉体。通过X射线粉晶衍射分析,研究阴-非离子型有机蒙脱石粉体的制备、阴离子表面活性剂种类和蒙脱石类型对蒙脱石改性效果的影响。结果表明,3种阴离子表面活性剂均能进入蒙脱石层间,得到层间距分别为5.65、4.29、3.73 nm的阴-非离子型有机蒙脱石。用阴-非离子表面活性剂改性不同类型蒙脱石的研究结果表明,蒙脱石的膨胀容明显影响阴-非离子型改性剂改性蒙脱石的效果,并呈规律性变化,蒙脱石的膨胀容值越大,改性效果越好。     

HPB－b－PMMA增容PVC／PE共混物球晶和结晶行为研究

以小角激光散射（ＳＡＬＳ）和广角Ｘ光衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）技术，测定了氢化聚丁二烯－聚甲基丙烯酸甲基嵌段共聚物（ＨＰＢ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ）增容的聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）和聚乙烯（ＰＥ）共混物的球晶形态和结晶度。从该共混物中ＰＥ的结晶状况得出，增容剂ＨＰＢ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡｄ在降低ＰＥ结晶能力、增加ＰＥ／ＰＶＣ界面粘合并形成ＰＶＣ和ＰＥ相间的部分相容性有着重要的作用。     

EVA增容PVC／PE共混体系的研究

采用乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）作为聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）／高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）共混物的增容剂，通过冲击实验、拉伸实验、动态力学分析和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ），系统地研究了共混体系的性能与其形态结构之间的关系。结果表明，ＥＶＡ是ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ良好的增容剂，在一定范围内，ＥＶＡ与ＰＥ对ＰＶＣ有协同增韧效应