铜基集成电路引线框架材料的发展概况

阐述了集成电路的发展及其对引线框架材料的要求。综述了国内外目前使用铜基集成电路引线框架材料的现状及所开发的高强度高导电铜基引线框架材料的特性，并指出了今后的发展方向。     

集成电路用引线框架材料的研究现状与趋势

作为集成电框架材料的一些研究进展,包括引线框架的功能、制备工艺、成分设计及其对材料的性能要求等,重点介绍了铜基引线框架材料的特性和研发动态,最后,提出了今后引线框架材料的研究方向.     

铜基引线框架材料研究进展

引线框架是集成电路中极为关键的部件之一,其主要功能是支撑芯片、散失工作热量和连接外部电路等。铜合金以其优良的性能成为重要的引线框架材料。本文综述了铜基引线框架的国内外研究现状,并重点介绍了在Cu-Ni-Si合金中加入微量合金元素P、Cr、Ag的微合金化研究成果。     

FeNi42引线框架材料的研究进展

FeNi42合金常被用于制作高可靠性陶瓷封装集成电路的引线框架.随着集成电路向高集成度、多功能化和小型化方向发展,其引线数增多、引线间距减小,因此对引线框架材料的强度和冲裁加工性能提出了更高的要求.主要概述了在提高引线框架用FeNi42合金薄带强度和冲裁加工性能方面的研究进展,指出合金中非金属夹杂物的数量、尺寸和分布对带材性能有重要的影响,同时分析了国产该材料存在的主要问题.     

引线框架材料的研究发展现状

引线框架材料是半导体元器件和集成电路封装的主要材料之一,其主要功能为电路连接、散热、机械支撑等作用.随着IC向高密度、小型化、低成本方向的发展,对引线框架材料提出了高强度、高导电、高导热等多方面性能上的要求.由于拥有良好的导热性能,铜合金已成为主要的引线框架材料.对电子封装引线框架材料的性能要求、设计理论以及国内外研究发展现状等进行了综述.     

铜基引线框架材料的研究与发展

引线框架材料是半导体元器件和集成电路封装的主要材料之一，其主要功能为电路连接、散热、机械支撑等。随着IC向高密度、小型化、大功率、低成本方向发展，集成电路I/O数目增多、引脚间距减小，对引线框架材料提出了高强度、高导电、高导热等多方面性能上的要求。由于拥有良好的导电导热性能，铜合金已成为主要的引线框架材料。本文对电子封装铜合金引线框架材料的性能要求、国内外研究与发展等进行了综述。     

半导体器件引线框架材料的现状与发展

本文评述了半导体器件引线框架材料国内外研究开发的现状 ,对引线框架材料性能和材料设计进行了分析 ,并讨论了随着计算机和信息工业的迅猛发展 ,引线框架材料今后的发展趋势。     

半导体器件引线框架材料的现状与发展

本文评述了半导体器件引线框架材料国内外研究开发的现状,对引线框架材料性能和材料设计进行了分析,并讨论了随着计算机和信息工业的迅猛发展,引线框架材料今后的发展趋势。     

IC引线框架材料

本文介绍了国内外IC和IC引线框架材料的发展情况。指出IC的发展对IC引线框架材料提出的要求,以及几种主要引线框架材料的特性和发展趋势。文中还介绍了我国在IC引线框架材料方面已取得的成就,存在的差距及今后努力方向。     

铜基弹性材料的研究现状

以铜基弹性材料的强化方式进行分类,综述了5种铜基弹性材料的性能、制备方法、形成机理及主要用途,介绍了国内外在铜基弹性材料方面的开发研究进展及生产和应用现状,指出了铜基弹性材料存在的问题及发展方向.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.