Mn/Ti-Zr复合氧化物催化苯甲酸甲酯选择性加氢

以五水合硝酸锆和钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用共沉淀法制备Ti-Zr-O氧化物载体,采用浸渍法制备了Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂;采用XRD、N2物理吸-脱附、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD和TG对Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂组成、结构和反应条件对苯甲酸甲酯(MB)加氢性能的影响,以及催化剂的长周期稳定性、失活和再生行为.结果表明,TiO2含量和Mn负载量分别为12％和8％(二者均以Ti-Zr-O的质量为基准,下同)时制备的Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂性能最优,该催化剂在390℃、1.0 MPa、n(H2):n(MB)=9:1和重时空速(WHSV)=0.5 h–1的优化条件下能够实现98.0％ 的苯甲酸甲酯转化率和89.7％的苯甲醛和苯甲醇选择性;苯甲酸甲酯加氢反应的活性和选择性分别与Mn/Ti-Zr表面MnOx物种的氧化还原性和催化剂的酸性密切相关.此外,Mn/Ti-Zr催化剂具有良好的结构稳定性,在反应1000 h后仅因积炭而丧失11％ 的活性,且轻微失活的催化剂可以通过焙烧恢复其初始活性和选择性.     

碱金属盐对低氢酯比下苯甲酸甲酯加氢催化剂的修饰

为了考察了Mn与Zn摩尔配比以及不同碱金属盐修饰制得的锰锌复合氧化物催化剂对苯甲酸甲酯气固催化加氢合成苯甲醛反应活性和选择性的影响,在氢酯比为1.5的条件下,进行苯甲酸甲酯催化加氢反应,发现以5%LiCl修饰的活性组分负载量为25%、n(Mn)/n(Zn)为1.14的MnO-ZnO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在常压、430℃、空时为1.84 h时,苯甲酸甲酯的转化率为97.71%,苯甲醛的选择性为84.80%.     

苯甲酸甲酯气相原位加氢制苯甲醛

提出了苯甲酸甲酯气相原位加氢制苯甲醛的路线。在常压固定床反应器上研究了浸渍法制备的Cu-MnO/γ-Al₂O₃双功能催化剂催化苯甲酸甲酯气相原位加氢制苯甲醛的反应性能,考察了催化剂的组成、反应温度、进样速率、酯/醇/水摩尔比等因素对苯甲酸甲酯转化率和苯甲醛选择性的影响。在优化的反应条件（苯甲酸甲酯/甲醇/水摩尔比为0.5/40/40、反应温度为420℃、进样速率为0.1 ml•min^-1）下,苯甲醛选择性可达到88.5%,苯甲酸甲酯的转化率为79.6%,且Cu-MnO/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有较好的稳定性。根据产物分布提出了苯甲酸甲酯原位加氢的反应机理。该反应体系不需要外部供应氢气,避免了氢气的生产和运输,简化了反应工艺。     

加氢法制苯甲醛的MnOx/Al2O3催化剂研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了MnOx/Al2O3催化剂,在固定床连续反应器上考察了MnOx负载量对苯甲酸加氢制备苯甲醛的催化性能的影响,采用TG-DSC、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD和CO2-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并与催化剂活性和苯甲醛选择性关联。研究表明,在常压、380℃、氢气空速为760 h-1、氢/酸物质的量比为68的条件下,锰负载量为10%~15%的催化剂苯甲酸转化率在92%以上,苯甲醛选择性接近90%。H2-TPR表明,苯甲酸加氢反应与催化剂的氧化还原性有很大的关联,催化剂表面氧空位增加对苯甲酸加氢反应有利。NH3-TPD和CO2-TPD表明催化剂的表面酸碱性对反应活性有很大影响,具有表面弱酸性和中等强度碱性的催化剂活性和苯甲醛选择性比较高。     

四氯化碳催化加氢研究进展

从四氯化碳选择性加氢脱氯催化剂的活性组分、反应机理和催化剂失活及预处理等方面详细介绍了四氯化碳选择性加氢脱氯反应及催化剂的最新研究进展,简述了反应温度、压力和n(H2)/n(CCl4)比对四氯化碳催化加氢产品分布的影响,并指出了四氯化碳选择性加氢脱氯反应的发展方向。     

Mn助剂对催化胺化制备四甲基乙二胺催化剂性能的影响

以Cu/Ni为主活性组分,γ-Al2O3球为载体,考察了Mn助剂对N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)固定床连续催化胺化制备N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)催化剂性能的影响,并通过XRD、BET/BJH、H2-TPR、H2-TPD等对催化剂结构进行表征,结果表明,Mn能够抑制脱氢而促进加氢反应的发生,随着Mn含量的增加,选择性会提高,而活性相对会受到抑制,当n(Cu)∶n(Ni)∶n(Mn)=4∶1∶0.2时催化剂性能较佳。采用4Cu-1Ni-0.2Mn/γ-Al2O3球作为催化胺化催化剂,在反应温度为240℃,DMEA空速为0.15 h-1,胺醇摩尔比为1∶1,常压,氢速为30 m L/min时,DMEA转化率和TMEDA选择性分别达到92%和83%左右。     

苯甲酸气相加氢制苯甲醛负载型CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的研究

分别采用浸渍法和共沉淀法制备了一系列CeO2/A12O3催化荆,并考察了它们在苯甲酸加氢制备苯甲醛反应中的催化性能.结果表明,共沉淀法制备的催化剂的催化性能优于浸渍法制备的催化剂.采用共沉淀法制备催化剂时,焙烧温度为600℃和CeO2负载量为40%时的催化剂性能较好,进行苯甲酸加氢反应时,苯甲酸转化率可达98.4%,苯甲醛的选择性和收率分别为93.7%和92.2%.共沉淀法制得的催化剂在反应过程中因产生积炭而失活,再生后能恢复活性.对两种方法制备的催化剂分析,发现催化剂比表面、CeO2晶粒大小和CeO2在载体表面的分散性是造成活性不同的根本原因.     

MnOx/γ-A12O3催化加氢合成3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛

将3,5-二羟基苯甲酸与硫酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应生成3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯,然后在高压下以MnOx/γ-Al2O3为催化剂催化加氢得到3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛.总收率81.7%.催化剂采用共沉淀法制备,Mn载量wMn=15.3%.     

载体对Li-Mn氧化物催化甲烷氧化偶联反应作用

采用浸渍法制备不同金属氧化物载体负载的Li-Mn/MO_x(M=Mg,La,Ti,Si,Zr,Ta)催化剂,对其甲烷氧化偶联反应活性进行评价。结果表明,以TiO_2为载体制备的Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂具有较高的CH_4转化率和C2烃选择性,C_2烃产率显著提高,金属氧化物TiO_2是Li-Mn复合氧化物的优良催化剂载体。n(Li)∶n(Mn)=1.0∶2.0形成的Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂具有最高的CH_4转化率和C_2烃选择性,n(C_2H_4)∶n(C_2H_6)的增加有助于提高反应产物中C_2H_4的相对浓度,W元素的添加未能进一步提高Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂的催化活性。Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂在n(Li)∶n(Mn)=1.0∶2.0、反应温度775℃、反应压力0.1 MPa、V(CH_4)∶V(O_2)=2.5、空速7 200 m L·(h·g)~(-1)和催化剂用量0.5 g条件下,CH_4转化率达31.9%,C_2选择性达52.7%,表现出最佳催化效果。     

二氧化碳固定床连续催化加氢制备甲醇催化剂研究

以CuO为主活性组分,通过添加ZnO第二活性组分和掺入CeO_2电子助剂,研制出适用于二氧化碳固定床连续催化加氢制备甲醇反应的复合催化剂。结果表明:优化制备的CuO-ZnO-CeO_2/Al_2O_3-ZrO_2催化剂,在反应温度T=250℃,反应压力P=3.0 MPa,n(H_2)/n(CO_2)=3,空速GHSV=5000 h-1条件下用于二氧化碳催化加氢制备甲醇反应时CO_2转化率达到33.4%,甲醇选择性达到35.6%,催化剂在固定床装置上连续运行500h,CO_2转化率维持在33%左右,甲醇选择性维持在35%左右,催化剂具有较高的催化活性和稳定性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。