整流机组节能技术改造总结

介绍了整流机组的技术改造内容。通过改造,提高了装备技术水平,简化了操作,提高了供电的平稳性和安全性;降低了电力损耗;节约了能源。     

ZnO和金属单质催化尿素醇解法制备碳酸二甲酯的研究

使用不同方法制备ZnO催化剂并对其催化活性进行了比较,选出了高催化活性的催化剂,找到了合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的最佳工艺条件并且对催化剂进行了XRD和SEM表征.同时对3种金属单质进行了活性比较,得到镁粉有高的催化活性,并提出了镁粉催化反应的机理.同时,本实验还优化了通气方式.     

己二酸装置氧化反应器搅拌损坏原因分析及预防措施

列举了某公司尼龙生产线己二酸装置氧化反应器搅拌在多年运行中常见的损坏形式.分析了原因,提高了对氧化反应器搅拌的重视程度,及时对其采取预防措施.这些举措延长了搅拌器的使用寿命,保证了尼龙六六盐生产线的平稳运行,减少了生产成本,提高了经济效益.     

石墨烯的制备及其应用进展

概述了石墨烯(GNs)的定义及发展史,介绍了GNs的特性及表征方法,详细介绍了GNs的9种制备方法.最后综述了GNs在聚合物中的应用情况,展望了GNs未来的应用前景.     

PUMP-200新型乳液泵组装机的研制与应用

介绍了PUMP-200新型乳液泵组装机的工作原理及特点,通过比较和分析,说明了该新机的运用,节省了大量的人力物力,降低了能耗,大大缩短了产品交货期,实现了产品质量的稳定,提高了生产效率,经济效益显著。     

氯化钾三效蒸发工艺

氯化钾采用三效蒸发,充分利用了热能,改变了沿用多年的落后工艺、降低了生产成本,为氯化钾生产开辟了新思路;自动控制系统的引用大大降低了工人的劳动负荷,且提高了操作的精度,使氯化钾生产首次实现自动化;三效蒸发系统的成功运行不仅降低了生产成本还为下游产品提供了优质充足的原料.     

新型悬浮液净化回收工艺的特点及应用效果

论述了选煤厂新型和传统的重介质悬浮液净化回收工艺的特点 ,并对两种工艺进行了分析比较 ;新型工艺的应用为选煤厂带来了较好的生产效果和经济效益 ,简化了重介选煤工艺 ,减少了介质耗量 ,节省了部分设备 ,降低了生产成本。     

物理化学实验课教学模式的改革与实践

分析了目前物理化学实验课的教学现状和教学中存在的主要问题,并对物理化学实验教学进行了改革和探索。改变了传统的实验教学模式,搭建了物理化学实验教学网络平台,增强了学生学习的主动性,提高了学生的实验效率和实验质量,培养了学生的创新意识和创新能力,收到了良好的教学效果。     

自交联型阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

合成了不同有机硅改性的阳离子聚氨酯乳液,不同结构的有机硅的加入改善了漆膜的耐水性、耐酸碱及耐有机溶剂的性能,改善了漆膜光泽和手感,提高了漆膜耐热性,改变了乳液的粒径,提高了乳液的稳定性,但是,不同有机硅对产物性能的影响不同.红外光谱分析表明,异氰酸酯已经完全反应,产物中存在氨基甲酸酯.     

丁烯-1精馏装置在线节能优化的研究

在分析丁烯-1精馏装置运行机理与实际工况的基础上,确定了显著影响蒸汽单耗的优化操作变量,改进了装置的控制方案,提高了装置的控制水平,使各优化操作变量的控制均达到了进行优化所需的平稳程度,并实现了装置的在线节能优化,降低了装置的蒸汽单耗,收到了巨大的经济效益.     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响。对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸为直径21 mm的时候模具翘曲表现更好。     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

煤的溶胀处理对药用腐植酸提取的影响研究

以气煤、肥煤、焦煤、瘦煤为样煤,进行了样煤的粉碎、有机溶剂溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,考察了处理后煤样中的药用腐植酸得率。结果表明,吡啶和N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮是溶胀较好的溶剂;样煤粉碎后,随着粒度的减小,煤的溶胀率增加;粒度粉碎至200目的气、肥煤经吡啶溶胀和硝酸氧化后,煤样的药用腐植酸得率可达到73.0%和71.4%,而经甲醇溶胀和硝酸氧化的200目气煤药用腐植酸得率为56.4%和58.4%。实验结果表明,煤样经过溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,对药用腐植酸的提取有促进作用。     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

微通道内流体流动对聚酰胺微胶囊壁面褶皱的影响分析及应用

流体流动诱导微胶囊膜起皱和变形是一个普遍存在的现象。针对这一现象已有一些模拟和实验研究,但是对于微通道内不同因素对于微胶囊褶皱情况的影响以及褶皱的存在对于微胶囊实际膜面积和粒径的影响等方面却鲜有探讨。针对这一问题,本文制备了具有褶皱膜的聚酰胺微胶囊,并提出通过溶剂浸泡法将微胶囊膜褶皱伸展开,以分析微胶囊的实际膜面积和实际粒径。同时,定义了褶皱度的概念,将抽象的褶皱情况数值化,使分析更为方便。最终,通过研究分析发现,由于与流体剪切力正相关,流体流量和黏度的增大会导致微胶囊褶皱度增加;当这两者固定时,微胶囊粒径的改变对其褶皱度基本无影响。在应用方面,微胶囊壁面褶皱情况的分析为制备单核双壁式微胶囊提供了一种新思路。     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.