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为提高酚醛基纳米活性碳纤维的吸附性能,首先采用乙酸锌、硫酸双催化合成高邻位酚醛树脂,然后配制酚醛/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)混合溶液,采用静电纺丝、固化、炭化和活化工艺制备得到柔性高邻位酚醛基纳米活性碳纤维,借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、比表面积及孔径分析仪对其结构和性能进行测试与分析。结果表明:静电纺丝制备的酚醛初生纤维在溶液固化后,酚环对位取代增加,纤维内发生了分子间交联,但PVB有一定的醇解,使酚醛纤维在炭化过程中低温稳定性下降,而高温残碳率升高,炭化后制备得到多孔碳纤维;活化后得到的高邻位酚醛基纳米活性碳纤维比表面积为1 409 m2/g,其对亚甲基蓝及碘的吸附量分别达到837和2 641 mg/g。 相似文献
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高中空生物质活性碳纤维制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为提高活性碳纤维对有色废水的吸附效率,以牛角瓜纤维为前驱体,采用磷酸活化、高温炭化工艺制备了具有高中空结构的活性碳纤维。采用扫描电镜/能谱仪、红外光谱仪等表征其微观形貌及化学结构,分析了所制备活性碳纤维对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能与吸附机制。结果表明:牛角瓜活性碳纤维的平均中空度大于92%,具有粗糙表面和发达介孔结构,比表面积和平均孔径分别为1 244.812 m 2/g和3.744 nm;活性碳纤维表面富含O、P元素,构成了活性表面;亚甲基蓝溶液(100 mg/L)的饱和吸附量为198.840 mg/g,该吸附满足准二级动力学方程,同时符合Freundlich模型,以多层吸附为主。 相似文献
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为开发高性能、低成本的锂硫电池正极储硫材料,利用天然生物质纤维兔毛为前驱体,经预处理和炭化制备了具有杂原子掺杂的兔毛中空碳纤维(RC),并采用热熔融法制得硫/兔毛基碳纤维(S/RC)复合材料。探讨了不同炭化温度对碳纤维形貌结构、S/RC复合材料晶型结构与电导率、锂硫电池的电化学性能及循环充放电稳定性的影响。结果表明:预处理温度为300 ℃,炭化温度为800 ℃时,制备的兔毛基中空碳纤维的形貌结构最好,用其作为正极材料制备的电池首次放电比容量达899 mA·h/g,在0.5C倍率下300次循环后放电比容量为598 mA·h/g,仍保持原始比容量的66.52%;在高倍率条件下该电池仍具有较高的放电比容量,1C和2C倍率下放电比容量分别为543.8和505.4 mA·h/g。 相似文献
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为研究炭化温度对碳纳米纤维电极性能的影响,采用静电纺丝法制备了聚丙烯腈/线性酚醛树脂(PAN/PF)纳米纤维,然后经不同温度炭化处理得到不同结构与性能的碳纳米纤维,并制备成电极材料。对碳纳米纤维的表面形貌、比表面积、孔结构、石墨化程度和元素含量,以及碳纳米纤维电极的电化学性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:PAN/PF碳纳米纤维具有高的比表面积、分级多孔结构、良好的纤维连通以及优异的石墨化程度;当炭化温度为1 000 ℃时,碳纳米纤维的比表面积达到1 468 m2/g,总孔体积为0.89 cm3/g,相应电极的比电容达到395 F/g;当炭化温度为1 200 ℃时,碳纳米纤维的导电性能最佳,电导率为8.23 S/cm,其制备的电极材料具有最高的比电容保持率,为63%。 相似文献
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Double-layer supercapacitors rely on the high specific surface area (SSA) of activated carbons. Typically, granular-activated carbon held together by polymer binder is used. As a potential alternative, this paper focuses on the potential use of commercially available carbon fiber nonwovens. A commercially available binder-free carbon fiber nonwoven was used initially, but surface area analysis revealed that no microporosity developed following the CO2 activation treatment. In order to investigate how the structure of the original carbon material impacted subsequent activation, polyacrylonoitrile (PAN) nonwovens were fabricated and carbonized in-house under controlled conditions (695, 895, and 1095 °C). Carbonization temperature was found to be a limiting factor, where higher carbonization temperatures led to lower potential for activation. Since commercially available materials are typically carbonized at unknown temperatures, and are likely carbonized at high temperatures to develop electrical conductivity, it is found that they are unlikely to form high SSA materials. 相似文献
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活性碳纤维(ACF)是一种多孔材料,它可以通过物理或化学的方式从液体或气体中吸附多种成分,因此被用于许多应用中,特别是污染气体的净化、有毒气体的吸收、气体的分离、空调的除臭和水的净化等,ACF还可应用于医药领域。活性碳的另一种类粒状活性碳(GAC)同样可应用于以上各领域。尽管ACF的价格很高,但ACF的使用却更为广泛,这主要是因为其蓬松度大、孔径均匀,使它的吸收量和传质系数比粒状活性碳高12~15倍。原材料性能及碳化与活化工艺影响最终ACF的微孔数量和总表面积。由聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝制得的ACF有着独特的吸收性能和相当高的强度。 相似文献
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Antimicrobial effect of silver particles on bacterial contamination of activated carbon fibers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Even though activated carbon fiber (ACF) filters have been widely used in air cleaning for the removal of hazardous gaseous pollutants, because of their extended surface area and high adsorption capacity, bacteria may breed on the ACF filters as a result of their good biocompatibility; ACF filters can themselves become a source of bioaerosols. In this study, silver particles were coated onto an ACF filter, using an electroless deposition method and their efficacy for bioaerosol removal was tested. First, various surface analyses, including scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma and X-ray diffraction were carried out to characterize the prepared ACF filters. Filtration and antimicrobial tests were then performed on the filters. The results showed that the silver-deposited ACF filters were effective for the removal of bioaerosols by inhibition of the survival of microorganisms, whereas pristine ACF filters were not. Two bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, were completely inhibited within 10 and 60 min, respectively. Electroless silver deposition did not influence the physical characteristics of ACF filters such as pressure drop and filtration efficiency. The gas adsorptive ability of the silver-deposited ACF filter, as represented by the micropore specific surface area, decreased by about 20% compared to the pristine filter because of the blockage of the ACF micropores by silver particles. Therefore, the amount of silver particles on the ACF filters needs to be optimized to avoid excessive reduction of their adsorptive characteristics and to show effective antimicrobial activity. 相似文献