一种改进的基于谱熵的语音端点检测技术

论文提出了基于时频谱减增强和谱熵的语音端点检测算法。算法对带噪语音在频域利用谱减法去除宽带加性噪声,在时域去除由谱减带来的残差噪声从而对语音进行了增强。对增强后的语音利用谱熵特征进行端点检测。实验结果表明,此算法快速有效,具有较强的抗噪能力,特别适合低信噪比的语音端点检测。     

一种基于自适应谱熵的端点检测改进方法

在低信噪比的环境下,为增强与噪声的区分度,提出了一种适应于低信噪比环境的语音端点检测方法.通过改进语音端点检测的特征参数,更好地区分语音信号与噪声信号,提高在低信噪比环境下的端点检测正确率.基于子带谱熵,引入正值常量对基本谱熵参数进行算法改进,得到改良的负谱熵特征,并结合自适应子带选择方法,得到一种新颖的特征参数--自适应子带常量负谱熵.特征在低信噪比的情况下有较强的抗噪能力,并能够准确地检测出语音端点.实验结果表明,不仅快速有效,具有较强的鲁棒性,而且适合低信噪比的语音端点检测.     

基于长时信号功率谱变化的语音端点检测

语音端点检测是语音信号处理的基础,为了提高在低信噪比及非平稳噪声下语音端点检测的准确性,提出了一种基于长时信号功率谱变化的语音特征,利用阈值判决法验证了这一特征在语音端点检测中的应用前景。该方法首先统计信号在长时段下功率谱的变化量;然后进行阈值判决,在初始化后可依据每次的判决结果自适应更新阈值;最后通过投票决策机制来判定当前是否为语音帧。仿真结果表明,与两种经典的基于长时特征(长时段信号变化率和长时段信号谱平坦度)的语音端点检测方法相比,所提方法在不同噪声环境及信噪比下,均具有更高的检测准确率,尤其在非平稳噪声条件下的检测效果提升明显,例如在机枪噪声环境下,平均检测准确率提高超过10%。     

基于小波及能量熵的带噪语音端点检测算法

为了在复杂的噪声环境中区分出语音信号和非语音信号(噪声),提出了一种基于小波及能量熵的带噪语音端点检测方法.该方法利用小波的多分辨率特性以及它对非平稳信号局部特征的表现能力,对含噪语音信号进行小波变换,用各层能量熵值的平均值来有效地区分语音段和非语音段.不同背景噪声及不同信噪比下的实验结果表明,提出的带噪语音端点检测算法获得了较高的检测正确率.     

一种新的VDR浊语音检测方法

针对驾驶室的低信噪比和非平稳复杂噪声环境, 根据浊语音谐波结构特性, 提出一种鲁棒的浊语音检测算法。将输入信号分帧, 检测每帧信号中与谐波对应的峰, 对连续多帧的峰进行谱跟踪, 得到一簇谱线, 这簇谱线能很好地表征浊语音的谐波特性, 并提取谱线簇的谐波特征, 进行浊语音判别。船舶驾驶环境下的浊语音检测实验表明, 该方法能够在低信噪比条件下, 从突发噪声、非平稳噪声中可靠地检测出浊语音, 表现出较强的抗噪能力和较高的准确率。     

基于多特征融合与动态阈值的语音端点检测方法

在低信噪比及非平稳的噪声环境下,传统基于特征的语音端点检测方法检测正确率低、稳定性差。为此,提出一种新的语音端点检测方法。通过对含噪语音进行谱减法降噪,提取谱减后的语音信号与前导无话帧的M FCC倒谱距离特征,计算均匀子带频带方差特征,并对阈值进行动态更新,利用双参数双门限法对带噪语音进行端点判定。实验结果表明,与基于DWT-MFCC倒谱距离、基于谱减法和均匀子带频带方差的端点检测方法相比,该方法具有较高的检测正确率及较低的漏检率与误检率。     

基于EMD和交叉熵的语音端点检测算法

针对复杂噪声环境下基于经验模态分解(EMD)的端点检测算法准确率低且不能自适应环境问题,提出了一种结合EMD和交叉熵的语音端点检测新算法。算法利用白噪声在各本征模态函数(IMF)中的概率分布是既定的且与幅值无关的EMD分解特性,将衡量语音帧与噪声帧概率分布差异性的交叉熵特征与EMD能量特征相结合,设置自更新检测阈值,实现复杂噪声环境下的语音端点检测。仿真实验证实了该方法在低信噪比以及非平稳噪声情况下具有显著的有效性和优越性。     

语音识别系统中语音活动性检测方法的研究

针对当前语音活动性检测技术中传统方法普适性差和在低信噪比下检测性能陡降的问题,研究了在低信噪比强噪声（平稳和非平稳）环境下的语音时频增强相和基于改进谱熵能量的活动性检测相结合的语音识别系统的研究。首先估计背景噪声能量,分别对语音信号进行频域和时域的增强处理;然后利用一种鲁棒性更好的特征参数来判断语音端点。验证结果,表明,该方法在平稳和非平稳两类噪声环境下均具有较好的检测性能,其应用范围更广泛。     

低信噪比环境下子带能熵比端点检测算法

语音端点检测是将采集到的语音信号从复杂的噪声背景中提取出来，确定每段语音的开始和结束，是后续处理的基础。对于语音端点检测在低信噪比的复杂噪声环境下准确率低的问题，提出了一种多窗谱估计减噪和子带能熵比法结合的语音端点检测算法。该算法通过改进多窗谱谱减法对语音信号进行减噪，在分析了常规谱熵端点检测算法的基础上结合对数能量，以改进的子带能熵比作为阈值进行端点检测。实验表明，该算法在不同环境的低信噪环境下，准确率高，具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于改进能熵比的维纳滤波语音增强算法

为了提高低信噪比环境下语音增强的效果、算法的鲁棒性.在基于维纳滤波算法的基础上,结合基于频域特征的语音端点检查算法,提出了一种新的语音增强算法.端点检测算法使用小波包ERB子带的谱熵和改进的频域能量的能熵比法.其中,小波包ERB子带的谱熵考虑了人耳听觉掩蔽模型和语音与噪声信号之间的频率分布之间的不同;频域能量利用了有语音帧和无语音帧的能量不同.维纳滤波算法实时采集语音数据并使用新的参数来区别无语音段和有语音段,并在无语音段平滑更新噪声谱.实验结果表明,该端点检测算法能够很好的区分有语音段和无语音段,这就使得在低信噪比的情况下语音增强效果得到了提升,同时算法的鲁棒性和实时性也得到了保障.在与其他两种算法对比中,得到了更好的语音增强效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。