电磁激励的硅谐振梁设计和有限元分析

介绍了电磁激励硅谐振梁的激励和检测原理,给出了双端固支的硅谐振梁谐振频率公式,并利用该公式分析了双端固支梁的谐振频率和梁尺寸的关系.本文利用有限元软件模态分析计算了三种不同的谐振频率情况,并逐一加以比较分析.本文还利用有限元软件对受力弯曲的工字梁做了静态分析,从而得出了在一定磁场力作用下的应力分布图,从而对压敏电阻的设计提供了一定的依据.     

基于MOS电容衬底压阻的纳米梁检测研究

传统的纳米谐振器压阻检测在工艺上需解决制备结深浅、掺杂浓度高的薄层电阻的技术难题.基于MOS电容衬底压阻的谐振式纳米梁系统是一种新型的压阻检测方案,它通过将MOS电容耗尽层下的掺杂区用作力敏电阻,回避了制备浅结高浓度电阻的技术问题,也解决了MOS沟道压阻抗干扰性差的问题,在SoI硅片上制作了150 nm厚的梁结构.在检...     

中国微米纳米----石墨烯纳米带谐振频率的分子动力学模拟

石墨烯因其独特的结构和特性,具有广泛的应用前景.采用分子动力学的方法模拟石墨烯被硅探针压变形后弯曲振动的动力学过程,探讨了石墨烯纳米带的尺寸和温度对石墨烯纳米带谐振特性的影响.模拟结果表明,石墨烯纳米带的谐振频率随着石墨烯纳米带的长度、宽度、层数(厚度)以及温度变化.其中宽度、厚度和温度对石墨烯纳米带谐振频率的影响较小,影响石墨烯纳米带谐振频率的主要因素是长度.     

不同淀积温度多晶硅纳米薄膜的压阻特性

重掺杂多晶硅纳米薄膜具有较大的应变系数和良好的温度特性,是制作力学量传感器的理想压阻材料.为优化多晶硅纳米薄膜的压阻特性,就淀积温度对低压化学气相淀积多晶硅纳米薄膜的压阻特性的影响进行了实验研究.在扫描电镜观测和X射线衍射实验基础上,利用隧道压阻模型分析了薄膜结构和压阻特性的关系.结果表明薄膜结构对应变系数的影响非常显著,但对应变系数的温度特性影响却很小.综合淀积温度对压阻特性和电导特性的影响,多晶硅纳米薄膜的最佳淀积温度在620℃左右.     

谐振敏感元件特性模拟器的研究

为了实现谐振式硅微传感器测试仪器的直接校验,以及进行谐振式传感器反馈控制电路的优化研究,设计了能够模拟压阻拾振式谐振敏感元件特性的电路.其中压阻变换是该电路实现的关键.文章采用模拟电路实现对谐振敏感元件的电阻拾振特性的模拟,得到受电压线性控制的交变电阻.对该电路进行了高频特性分析,提出一种可拓宽其频带的反馈补偿技术,从...     

基于静电驱动NEMS混频器结构设计与分析

提出了一种采用新型纳米梁结构利用静电驱动实现混频的NEMS混频器的工作原理。通过在两个双端固支梁中间加一平板质量块作为静电驱动与检测输出电极,可以明显提高纳米尺度下静电驱动静电力的大小以及电容信号输出强度,减少平板电容边缘效应的影响。采用双梁结构对于中间质量块而言回复力得到了提高,有利于提高谐振频率同时有效地抑制了梁扭转模态的干扰。在详细分析双梁结构静电驱动信号选取方式以及真空下动力学模型基础上,利用Lindstedt-Poincare方法推导出系统的幅频关系式。     

硅纳米悬臂梁传感结构压阻特性的试验研究

为了研究拉伸和大形变弯曲共存状态下硅纳米悬臂梁传感结构的压阻特性,采用CMOS工艺制作了硅纳米悬臂梁传感测试结构,结合原子力显微镜和半导体参数测试仪对其电学参数进行了测量,其位移灵敏度高达1.58216×10-4/nm。在电阻相对变化率实验测量和ANSYS有限元平均应力仿真的基础之上,进而提出了一个非线性压阻模型来提取大弯曲硅纳米悬臂梁的一阶和二阶压阻系数。研究结果表明:其一阶压阻系数约为体硅的5倍,该巨压阻效应为利用硅纳米压阻传感结构来实现超高灵敏度的纳米压力传感器提供了可能的途径。研究结果同时也揭示了要获得高的灵敏度和好的可靠性,硅纳米悬臂梁的长度设计需要折衷考虑。     

单晶硅纳米梁的分子动力学模拟

采用经典的分子动力学方法,分析了两端固支的纳米梁的力学行为特征.在初始应变下,梁的表面原子发生了重构,而初始应变能仅是重构能的1%,随着分子动力学迭代的开始,初始应变能逐渐转化为梁中原子的热运动动能和梁的谐振能量.从其能量的变化曲线得到,梁的谐振频率为2.32×1010Hz.与连续介质近似结果对比发现,该谐振频率对应的杨氏模量为101 GPa,小于体硅的131 GPa,说明在该尺度下杨氏模量小于体材料.另外,分子动力学结果显示,发热是纳米梁耗散机制的重要方式,即谐振能量转化为梁中原子的热运动动能.     

膜厚对多晶硅纳米薄膜压阻温度特性的影响

重掺杂多晶硅纳米薄膜具有良好的压阻温度特性,用它制作高温压阻式传感器灵敏度高、成本低,具有广阔的应用前景.为优化多晶硅纳米薄膜的压阻温度特性,本文采用低压化学气相淀积(LPCVD)技术制作了不同膜厚(30～250 nm)的多晶硅薄膜,分别测试了应变系数、薄膜电阻率与工作温度的关系.利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射实验(XRD)对薄膜进行了表征,在此基础上结合隧道压阻模型分析了膜厚对多晶硅薄膜压阻温度特性的影响,结果表明,对于淀积温度620℃、掺杂浓度2.3×1020 cm-3的多晶硅纳米薄膜,膜厚的最佳值在80 nm厚左右.     

压阻式加速度计双端固支梁结构的设计与分析

介绍一种压阻式加速度计双端固支梁的结构,并建立其三维实体有限元模型。分析了在惯性载荷作用下的弹性梁的应力及应变,并对弹性结构进行了模态分析。讨论影响灵敏度、固有频率等主要指标的因素,用有限元方法进行分析、模拟,以达到优化设计的目的。     

Theory and FEM simulation study of the double-clamped resonant beam with slit-structure

In this paper, we established the vibration model of double-clamped resonant beam with slit structure, and we theoretically analyzed the effect of rectangular slits with round corners on vibration amplitude and natural frequency of the resonant beam. The effect of rectangular slits on detection sensitivity of resonant beam is also analyzed. According to the theoretical analysis, computational studies of slit size and location influence on vibration amplitude, natural frequency and detection sensitivity of the resonant beam were carried out. Meanwhile, stress concentration of proposed slit structure with rounded corners was calculated by finite element method (FEM) and was compared with the stress concentration of slit with right corners. Finally, for resonant beams with slits of different size and location, theoretical calculation results and the FEM simulation results of natural frequency were compared. Theoretical analysis and FEM simulation are in good agreement.     

Stacking of nanocrystalline graphene for nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) actuator applications

Graphene nano-electro-mechanical switches are promising components due to their excellent switching performance such as low pull-in voltage and low contact resistance. Mass fabrication with an appropriate counter electrode remains challenging. In this work, we report the stacking of nanocrystalline graphene (NCG) with a 70-nm dielectric separation layer. The buried NCG layer is contacted through the formation of vias and acts as actuation electrode. After metallization, the top 7.5-nm thin NCG layer is patterned to form double-clamped beams, and the structure is released by hydrofluoric acid etching. By applying a voltage between the top and buried NCG layer, a step-like current increase is observed below 1.5 V, caused by the contact of the movable beam with the buried NCG. No pull-out is observed due to the thin sacrificial layer and high beam length, resulting in low mechanical restoring force. We discuss the possible applications of the NCG stacking approach to realize nano-electro-mechanical contact switches and advanced logical components such as a AND logic.

     

Design and modeling of a novel microsensor to detect magnetic fields in two orthogonal directions

In this paper, we present the design and modeling of the electrical–mechanical behavior of a novel microsensor to detect magnetic fields in two orthogonal directions (2D). This microsensor uses a simple silicon resonant structure and a Wheatstone bridge with small p-type piezoresistors (10 × 4 × 1 μm) to improve the microsensor resolution. The resonant structure has two double-clamped silicon beams (1000 × 28 × 5 μm) and an aluminum loop (1 μm thickness). The microsensor design allows important advantages such as small size, compact structure, easy operation and signal processing, and high resolution. In addition, the microsensor design is suitable to fabricate using silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers in a standard bulk micromachining process. An analytical model is developed to predict the first bending resonant frequency of the microsensor structure using Macaulay and Rayleigh methods, as well as the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Air and intrinsic damping sources of the microsensor structure are considered for its electrical–mechanical response. The mechanical behavior of the microsensor is studied using finite element models (FEMs). For 10 mA of root mean square (RMS) excitation current and 10 Pa air pressure, this microsensor has a linear electrical response, a fundamental bending resonant frequency of 52,163 Hz, and a high theoretical resolution of 160 pT.     

Quantifying adsorbed water monolayers on silicon MEMS resonators exposed to humid environments

This study investigated the influence of temperature and humidity on the adsorbed water layer on micron-scale monocrystalline silicon (Si) films in air, using a Si-MEMS kHz-frequency resonator. Both temperature and relative humidity induced a reversible change in resonant frequency, attributed to the temperature-dependent properties of Si and to a change in adsorbed water layer. The excellent precision in resonant frequency measurement (0.02 Hz, or 0.5 ppm) allowed precise calculation of the changes in adsorbed water layer thickness over the specimen surface. The increase in water thickness with relative humidity was a function of temperature and could not be described with simple multimolecular adsorption theories such as the BET theory. A likely explanation is the presence of hydrocarbon contaminants on the Si surface. Guidelines are provided to accurately measure the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the adsorbed water layer thickness on micron-scale Si surfaces, using this technique.     

Nano‐domains formation on photoalignment thin film by self‐organized dewetting

A novel discontinuous photoalignment surface with nano‐domains for liquid crystal is developed. The formation of the discontinuous structure is created by self‐organized dewetting, which is regarded as one of the most promising bottom‐up approaches to fabricate nano‐structure. Different dewetting conditions, such as surface roughness, thickness and viscosity, have been investigated. Such discontinuous photoalignment layer can be fabricated on top of another continuous alignment layer to form a new kind of heterogeneous nano‐structured alignment surface – stacked alignment layers. This heterogeneous alignment surface can be used to produce arbitrary pretilt angles for the liquid crystal display. Simulation model has been built to understand the dewetting mechanism. Experiments using photo‐aligned and photo‐polymerisable polymer have been done to verify the dewetting theory. The produced stacked alignment layers are proved to be robust. Moreover, the dewetting processing is a fully controllable process and is compatible with existing manufacturing techniques.     

A novel method to fabricate single crystal nano beams with (111)-oriented Si micromachining

Single crystal beams made by (111)-oriented Si micromachining are usually anchored to the substrate directly. It is difficult to use the beams as resonators, since they are electrically connected to the substrate. This paper presents a modified process to fabricate single crystal nano beams which are electrically isolated from the substrate. In this process, the single crystal nano beams are fully released from the substrate and mechanically supported by metal wires, which also serve as electrical connections. The metal wires are much stiffer than the beams and do not degrade the mechanical properties of the beam according to simulations. The length and width of the beams are determined by photolithography. The thickness of the beam and the gap between the beam and the substrate are determined by the dry etching and KOH etching processes. The influence of KOH etching on the beam thickness is documented through ongoing experiments. At present, the double clamped beams and the cantilever beams have been fabricated. The thinnest beam to date was measured to be 47 nm. The resistance between the beam and the substrate was measured to be 214GΩ, while the resistance of a 147 nm-thick beam was measured to be 816 Ω. The surface roughness of the (111) plane is also discussed. The RMS surface roughness of the nano beam was measured to be 1.08 nm in an area of 5 μm × 5 μm, which was etched with 45%wt. KOH at 50°C.     

Tunable MEMS piezoelectric energy harvesting device

This work is focused on low frequency (<300 Hz) vibrations due to the fact that many industrial and commercial devices operate at those frequencies. The aim of the present work is to model by numerical simulation a Si cantilever beam with an AlN piezoelectric layer concept that tunes its resonant frequency post-processing, while reducing the separation of the first two modes of resonance in order to broaden its quality factor and, therefore, to harvest more environmental energy. This paper investigates by numerical simulation the influence of perforating sections of the Si beam has on the resonant frequencies of the cantilever. The authors have found that the distance between these modes is decreased by 30 % when 0.002 mm³ is extracted in a specific location of the initial structure. This difference between modes can be reduced above 80 % if a volume of 0.004 mm³ in a specific part of the initial design is subtracted. In these conditions, the first mode is decreased about 20 % the initial value and the second mode about 60 %.     

Analysis of phase drift based on uncertainty analysis in electro-thermal excited MEMS resonant sensor

Vibration model of double-clamped resonant beam for a MEMS resonant sensor driven by electro-thermal excitation is established. Thermal phase drift caused by electro-thermal excitation and output frequency error of phase locked loop (PLL) caused by thermal phase shift are analyzed. The effects of uncertainty distributions of structure size and excitation voltage due to fabricating or control errors on thermal phase drift and output frequency error of PLL are studied. The sample-based stochastic model is established to investigate the influence of different uncertain structure sizes and excitation parameters on thermal phase drift and output frequency error of PLL; the results are compared with that of experiment on different sensor samples. The results reveal the different influences of these parameters, which can be used as reference for design and optimization of the structure sizes and excitation parameters.

     

TEM样品制备中离子束对样品的损伤分析

针对TEM样品制备过程中离子束对样品的损伤所产生的"非晶化"影响进行分析和研究。在总结已有成果的基础上,得到一些新的突破:通过可信、简便的制样方法,可以直接观察到"非晶层";可以量测聚焦离子束制备的可供TEM分析的IC硅衬底样品的极限厚度。通过一系列自主设计的实验,得到如下结果:离子束的能量对"非晶层"厚度的影像非常大;"非晶层"的厚度与切割时离子束的加速电压有关,与离子束电流及入射角度等基本无关。     

Design and simulation of a novel metallic microgripper using vibration to release nano objects actively

In this study, we investigate a novel metallic microgripper which is able to grasp and transport nano particles (nano tubes/wires) and release them on desirable substrate by vibrating the gripper arms. This microgripper consists of a chevron actuator to grip nano object electrothermally and interdigited comb drive systems to generate vibration at the gripper arms electrostatically. Metallic (nickel) properties enable the chevron actuator to close the gap and pick the nano particle at low voltage and temperature. In order to reduce the out of plane bending during operation and also increase the gripping force, thickness of the nickel layer must be increased, hence electroplating process is proposed for deposition of nickel layer. To generate vibration at the end effectors, comb drive systems are stimulated by applying two voltage signals at desired resonant frequency to the stators. Practically, by sweeping the frequency of these signals around the resonant frequency the end effectors start vibrating. The vibration results in overcoming the adhesion forces due to inertial effects.