菰米的营养组分及其健康功效

从菰米的营养组分、健康功效、活性机制和未来的研究重点等方面概述了近年来国内外关于菰米的研究进展,并对菰米的进一步研究开发与综合利用进行了展望。     

不同处理方法对云南哈尼梯田红米油糠稳定性的影响

红米油糠的稳定是其综合利用的前提和基础,分别采用干热处理法和湿热处理法两种工艺对红米油糠进行稳定化处理,以油糠过氧化物酶活力和脂肪酸值为评价指标,比较两种稳定化处理工艺对红米油糠稳定化的效果。结果显示:通过干热、湿热两种不同稳定处理,均能使油糠的过氧化物酶残余活力降低至4%以下,能满足油糠稳定的要求;在湿热稳定化处理中,100℃处理60s,稳定化效果更好。     

4 种米多指标的灰色模式识别和灰色关联系数聚类分析

以不同地区西米、糯白玉米、红米、圆糯米为研究对象,进行多指标测定与综合评价,测定4 种米燃烧热、燃烧稳定性、脂肪及灰分含量,并用化学计量方法从食品营养方面进行质量评价与分类。结果表明,4 种米燃烧热大小依次为圆糯米＞红米＞糯白玉米＞西米,燃烧稳定性大小依次为糯白玉米＞西米＞红米＞圆糯米,脂肪含量大小依次为西米＞红米＞糯白玉米＞圆糯米,灰分含量大小依次为红米＞糯白玉米＞圆糯米＞西米,多指标化学计量分析大小依次为红米＞西米＞糯白玉米＞圆糯米。     

稻谷深加工及综合利用技术探讨

中国是世界上稻谷产量最大的国家,近年来稻谷的深加工及综合利用技术已成为世界谷物科学研究的热点;特别是在国家对粮食安全日益重视的背景下,探讨稻谷综合利用技术显得尤为迫切。本文从稻壳、米糠、碎米、整米四个方面详细介绍了稻谷的深加工及综合利用技术现状及发展趋势。     

红米多酚对体外碳水化合物消化和吸收的影响

本研究对红米麸皮中多酚进行了提取,并通过筛选大孔树脂及对应洗脱剂浓度确定了纯化红米多酚的条件,鉴定了红米多酚的主要成分,探究了红米多酚对碳水化合物在小肠消化吸收过程中涉及的消化酶活性以及葡萄糖吸收的影响。结果表明,大孔树脂HPD400A对红米多酚具有较高的吸附率与解吸率,乙醇浓度70%可达到红米多酚解吸率0.97。红米多酚的主要成分为原花青素。红米多酚对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶活性均有抑制作用,红米多酚浓度越高,抑制作用越强。红米多酚对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、蔗糖酶、乳糖酶活性抑制的IC50分别为3.61μg/m L、2.81 mg/m L、5.48 mg/m L、6.55 mg/m L。红米多酚对离体小肠葡萄糖吸收同样存在抑制作用,红米多酚浓度越高,抑制作用越强,浓度为2.01 mg/m L时红米多酚对葡萄糖吸收的抑制率达72.32%。     

绿米、红米、黑米的食用品质研究

测定了绿米、红米、黑米的直链淀粉含量和胶稠度 ,并利用粘度仪和物性仪测定了绿米的糊化粘度特性和物性 ,还进行了食味品尝试验。试验结果证明 ,绿米、红米、黑米具有白粳米所不具有的功能特性。     

亚硫酸盐蒸煮红液的综合利用

红液的综合利用是酸法制浆厂的一种非常有效的废液处理方法之一,本文结合江门甘蔗化工厂(集团)股份有限公司的实际,简要地对蒸煮红液综合利用生产工艺流程与主要设备进行了介绍.     

葡萄干红米酒生产工艺的研究

以葡萄干、红米、糯米为原料酿造出的红米酒具有酒体微红,酒味香醇的特点。在单因素实验的基础上通过正交试验对红米酒发酵工艺中的接种量、葡萄干添加量及红米含量进行了优化。结果表明:在接种量1.0%、葡萄干添加量20%、红米含量30%、发酵温度28℃及发酵时间48h的条件下可获得感官评分较高的红米酒。     

红米色素的提取及稳定性研究

以红米为原料,利用柠檬酸、乙醇为提取剂提取红米色素。通过单因素和正交试验得到了最佳提取工艺参数,即乙醇浓度60%、柠檬酸浓度0.5%、提取级数2级、提取温度50℃。在此最优条件下,红米色素的最高提取率为18.98%。对红米色素稳定性进行了研究,结果表明:红米色素稳定性较好。热、酸性条件、金属离子对色素的稳定性影响不大;还原剂、蔗糖和葡萄糖有护色作用;但对氧化剂敏感,易发生褪色,日光照射也能导致色素颜色变化。     

米制品研究现状

本文主要针对国内外米制品加工中的高新技术应用,新型米制品的种类及生产加工技术的发展,原料综合利用以及米制品质量与检测技术等进行了阐述。     

Anti-inflammatory activities of the mixture of strawberry and rice powder as materials of fermented rice cake on RAW264.7 macrophage cells and mouse models

Food Science and Biotechnology - Rice cake is a traditional food in Korea, and is made by rice alone, or with other grain powder. To improve the health benefits of fermented rice cake, the rice...     

Extract of Makgeolli suldeot downregulates NF-κB-mediated MMP-9 expression,thereby inhibiting invasive activity in a human breast cancer cell line,MDA-MB-231

Food Science and Biotechnology - Makgeolli is a Korean traditional alcoholic beverage prepared by fermenting rice starch using nuruk. It is known for its health benefits, but the mechanisms...     

Brown Rice Versus White Rice: Nutritional Quality,Potential Health Benefits,Development of Food Products,and Preservation Technologies

Obesity and chronic diet‐related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and celiac are increasing worldwide. The increasing prevalence of these diseases has led nutritionists and food scientists to pay more attention to the relationship between diet and different disease risks. Among different foods, rice has received increasing attention because it is a major component of billions of peoples’ diets throughout the world. Rice is commonly consumed after polishing or whitening and the polished grain is known a high glycemic food because of its high starch content. In addition, the removal of the outer bran layer during rice milling results in a loss of nutrients, dietary fiber, and bioactive components. Therefore, many studies were performed to investigate the potential health benefits for the consumption of whole brown rice (BR) grain in comparison to the milled or white rice (WR). The objective of this work was to review the recent advances in research performed for purposes of evaluation of nutritional value and potential health benefits of the whole BR grain. Studies carried out for purposes of developing BR‐based food products are reviewed. BR safety and preservation treatments are also explored. In addition, economic and environmental benefits for the consumption of whole BR instead of the polished or WR are presented. Furthermore, challenges facing the commercialization of BR and future perspectives to promote its utilization as food are discussed.     

A review of the research progress on the bioactive ingredients and physiological activities of rice bran oil

Rice bran oil is not only a nutritious vegetable oil, but also a specialty oil with unique properties and many health benefits. Good stability, appealing flavor and long fry-life enable rice bran oil be used for frying and also to make margarine and shortening and advanced nutritional oils. More importantly, rice bran oil has been reported to have a high potential for making pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Rice bran oil has surprisingly high levels of nutraceutical components, such as oryzanol, fat-soluble vitamins, sitosterol, other plant sterols and other nutrients. Thus, rice bran oil has been a study focus in relation to its function and application in many countries in the world, as well as a family’s daily health edible oil. This paper summarizes the research progress on the bioactive ingredients and the physiological activities of rice bran oil.     

高RS_4含量大米的制备及初步食味品质评价

抗性淀粉由于其时健康的潜在益处以及独特的功能特性而受到了研究人员的广泛关注.以籼米为生产原料,乙酸乙烯酯为酯化剂进行乙酰化改性,在保持大米颗粒完整性的同时,使其中的淀粉分子发生醋酸酯化反应,产生抗消化性,从而制备出高Rs4含量的大米,以期能够作为开发糖尿病人主食或加工米制品的原料.通过冷冻等物理及化学的前处理方法强化传质,提高渗透速率和反应效率,确定了制备高RS4含量大米的最佳工艺.结果表明,最佳工艺为反应温度30℃,pH 10,液料比2:10(ml:g),反应时间5 h,此时抗性淀粉质量分数为78.740k,乙酰基质量分数为3.07%.抗性淀粉含量与乙酰基含量相关性分析表明二者之间没有相关性,因此实际生产中可在最佳工艺基础上选择更加环保、温和、经济的工艺条件.采用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)测定糊化特性,结合胶稠度和直链淀粉含量的测定,初步评价其食味品质.     

Comparative evaluation of physicochemical,functional and texture properties and sensory acceptance of different instant rice varieties coated with Spirulina and edible polymers

This study aimed to determine the influence of Spirulina platensis and edible polymer coating on the physicochemical and texture properties, and sensory acceptance of coated instant rice: glutinous white rice (GWR), glutinous black rice (GBR), non-glutinous white rice (NWR) and non-glutinous black rice (NBR). Instant rice was cooked and dried, and then coated by a pan-coating process. Black rice varieties (GBR and NBR) showed higher amounts of protein, fibre, ash and bioactive compounds than white rice varieties (GWR and NWR). The Spirulina-coated rice had significantly improved texture properties, especially black rice cultivars. The hedonic rating of the coated instant rice ranged from 5 (neither like nor dislike) to 6 (slightly liked), and GBR obtained a higher acceptability score (6.93). Principal component analysis models allowed sample classification. Therefore, fortification with Spirulina as a coating on instant rice could be an alternative way to produce functional instant rice with extra health benefits.     

A study on the acceptability and consumer attitude towards parboiled rice

Despite nutritional claims and other advantages that parboiled rice possesses, its consumption is still low in Brazil mainly because of the local preference for milled rice. In the first part of this study, the acceptability of five commercial brands of parboiled and milled rice was assessed by 100 consumers and similar acceptance levels were observed, evidencing that consumers might not reject parboiled rice for its sensory properties. In the second part, 286 consumers were surveyed about their eating habits and attitude towards rice, focusing especially the nutritional value, sensory and convenience aspects of parboiled rice. In the survey 35% of the respondents were unaware of parboiled rice. Cluster analysis performed on data grouped consumers in one segment with positive attitude and in two other segments with negative attitude towards parboiled rice. Segmentation was mainly because of negative beliefs about the sensory characteristics of the product, although its nutritional claims were unknown to most respondents, revealing the need of marketing efforts focused on informing consumers the health benefits and convenience of eating parboiled rice.     

谷物膳食纤维改性方法及其在食品中的应用研究进展

麸皮、米糠是谷物加工的副产物,其来源广泛且富含膳食纤维,对人体健康有益。但谷物麸皮或米糠中不溶性膳食纤维含量高会导致其本身适口性差。采用挤压膨化、发酵等改性方法可改善麸皮、米糠源膳食纤维的品质,扩大其应用范围。本文综述了谷物膳食纤维的3类改性方法及其对理化、功能特性的影响,以及改性后的谷物膳食纤维在食品中的应用,并对谷物膳食纤维的开发利用前景进行了展望。     

全谷物原料的营养特性及食品开发研究进展

全谷物含有丰富的营养成分和生物活性物质,是近些年来消费者关注的热点,全谷物食品比精细加工的谷物制品更具有营养价值和保健功能。本文就小麦、大麦、燕麦、糙米、荞麦、高粱、小米和藜麦等几种常见谷物原料的营养特性及产品研究进展进行了总结;对全谷物中不同营养成分的摄取对健康的益处和目前全谷物产品的开发现状进行了全面的概述,同时也归纳了全谷物食品开发目前所面临的问题并对全谷物食品的未来前景进行了展望。以期为全谷物在功能性食品开发中的应用提供理论参考。     

Factors influencing antioxidant compounds in rice

Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that the additive/synergistic effects of several bioactive compounds are responsible for the health benefits of rice. Among the leading contenders are phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocotrienols, tocopherols, λ-oryzanol, and phytic acid, which all possess strong antioxidant activities in vitro. In this review, data related to health effects of rice antioxidants using cultured cells, rodents and humans models are first summarized. The evidence is strong that consumption of rice tocotrienols translates into improved health outcomes. Current research, however, does not strongly support the health-promoting effects of rice tocopherols and phenolic acids. The crucial limitations in studies using rice flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, λ-oryzanol and phytic acid appear to be the appropriateness of the substance tested (i.e., purity), and the scarcity of animal and human interventions. In a second part, rice antioxidants are reviewed with an emphasis on their composition and contents. Taking into account the bioavailability of these compounds, it is evident that a number of factors affect the antioxidant composition of rice, making it difficult to estimate dietary intake. Before harvest, factors including soil type, atmospheric CO₂, chemical inputs, temperature, and degree of ripening are important. After harvest, rice is subjected to processing methods that include drying, parboiling, storage, irradiation, milling, stabilization, soaking, germination, fermentation, boiling, steaming, roasting, baking, and extrusion. Quantitative knowledge about the effects of these processes is summarized in this review. Surprisingly, a high level of agreement was found among study results, which could be useful in manipulating the growing and processing techniques of rice grains to facilitate efficient and safe consumption of antioxidant compounds.