水解接触氧化法与活性污泥法的工艺运行对比

采用基于织物填料的水解一好氧生物处理工艺,进行城市污水厂改造的中试。介绍了该工艺的设计特点、参数,对改造工艺与传统活性污泥工艺及低负荷活性污泥工艺的运行效果进行了对比,该工艺处理城市污水BOD、COD、SS出水指标达到国家一级排放标准,除磷脱氮效果明显优于传统活性污泥法,对总氮的平均去除率高于50％,对总磷的去除率高于70％。该方法适宜于中小型污水处理厂的改造。     

一体化MBR工艺处理城镇污水的工程设计

一体化MBR工艺是活性污泥法和膜分离技术的结合,MBR能维持较高的生物量,有效提高污水处理能力和抗冲击负荷能力,膜组件代替了传统活性污泥工艺中的二沉池,可以进行高效固液分离,克服了传统工艺中出水水质不够稳定、污泥容易膨胀等不足,且出水效果好,消毒后可直接回用。结合工程实例介绍了该新型污水处理工艺的流程及主要技术特点。     

两段活性污泥法处理炼油废水的工艺研究

分析了两段活性污泥工艺处理炼油废水存在的问题,提出以水解—好氧生物膜法代替原来的一曝池,并采用活性污泥作为二级好氧处理的新工艺．实验表明,该法处理炼油废水的出水水质稳定,经 10h的停留时间,出水COD<100mg/L,NH3-N<10mg/L.     

上海市石洞口城市污水处理厂设计

上海市石洞口城市污水处理厂采用具有脱氮除磷功能的一体化活性污泥法处理城市污水，其出水水质可达国家一级排放标准，再经无阀滤池、加氯消毒工艺深度处理后可回用作杂用水。污泥采用机械浓缩脱水处理及污泥流化床干化、焚烧处置，实现了减量化的目的。该工程应用的“四新”技术，体现了建设具有上海特色的大型污水处理厂的设计思路。     

旅顺口区三涧堡污水处理厂一期工程设计

大连市旅顺口区三涧堡污水处理厂一期工程项目建设规模为1万m3/d,生物处理单元采用循环式活性污泥工艺,出水经调节池后进入微絮凝过滤单元进行深度处理。本工程污水处理过程中产生的污泥进行浓缩脱水处理后,外运至大连市夏家河污泥处理厂进行处理。本文介绍了该污水处理工程的主要构筑物的工艺设计与主要设备。     

污水厂出水SS偏高问题研究及措施

研究了上海某A/B/C活性污泥工艺污水处理厂出水SS偏高的问题,对影响出水SS的主要影响因素进行了综合分析,并提出了工艺调整措施,在实际运行中取得了较好的效果。     

EGSB的后续处理工艺选择

考察了与厌氧污泥膨胀床（EGSB）串联的厌氧生物滤池、好氧生物滤池和活性污泥法等3种工艺的除污性能。结果表明，厌氧生物滤池出水COD浓度较高，好氧生物滤池出水水质不够稳定，而采用活性污泥法作为EGSB的后续工艺，则出水水质良好且运行稳定。     

深水曝气式A2O与MBR组合工艺用于污水厂升级改造

西北某县城污水厂为提高处理能力(由2 000 m3/d提高到5 000 m3/d),亟需进行升级改造.由于受建设用地的限制,活性污泥处理工艺与MBR的组合工艺成为改造首选工艺.考虑到原水N、P浓度较高,活性污泥工艺采用A2O工艺.在有限的占地面积内,好氧池、厌氧池和缺氧池的有效水深均为10.5 m以保证充分的水力停留时间.实际应用效果表明,A2O与MBR组合工艺的各项出水指标均达到绿化和冲厕的回用水水质标准.在处理成本方面,该处理厂以其深水曝气对氧的高效利用而优于传统处理工艺.     

复合生物处理技术在城市污水厂升级改造中的应用

对营口市污水处理厂进行升级改造,将普通活性污泥工艺改造成为泥膜共生的复合生物处理工艺,在生化池中活性污泥与生物膜上的生物菌落达到共生,从而实现了同步硝化反硝化,解决了污水在好氧池中停留时间不足的问题。通过该技术的应用,污水厂出水水质由《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的二级标准提高到一级A标准。     

广州市猎德污水处理厂一期工艺升级工程

猎德一期污水处理厂现状处理工艺为A-B活性污泥法,由于进水水质恶化且出水水质标准提高等方面原因,该污水处理厂面临出水水质难以稳定达标的实际问题,经过具体分析确定将现有的A-B工艺升级改造为UCT工艺。     

Return sludge employed in enhancement of color removal in the integrally industrial wastewater treatment plant

In this study, the recirculation of chemical sludge and integrated sludge were employed for enhancement of color removal in an integrally industrial wastewater treatment plant. The jar test was conducted for simulating chemical coagulation process with different coagulants, aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride (PACl), after different activated sludge systems (with air or high-purity oxygen). The results showed that with sludge recirculation the process of coagulation for the color removal has up to 35% enhancement in comparison with no sludge recirculation. Meanwhile, the color removal enhancement of coagulant aluminum sulfate was approximately 2 to 3-times the color removal enhancement of coagulant PACl at the optimum ratio of return sludge. In coagulation process with influent color of 1220 true color unit (TCU), the optimum dosage of return sludge was 3010mg/L, when coagulant PACl or aluminum sulfate was employed. In coagulation process with influent color of 536 TCU, the optimum dosages of return sludge were 2340 and 4680mg/L using PACl and aluminum sulfate, respectively.     

Proxy model materials to simulate the elastic properties of digested municipal sludge

The elastic rheological properties of sludge are complex and evolve with time as a result of ageing and microbial activity. Due to the peculiar nature of sludge, this makes the measurement of physical parameters difficul. The challenge is to identify a reference material that can be used as a proxy for industrial process design or optimization.     

物化/生化集成的生物造粒流化床处理污水技术

介绍了一种将上向流造粒流化床固液分离技术与好氧生物降解技术高度集成的生物造粒流化床处理污水新工艺,从其除污效率、造粒颗粒污泥的物理化学性质和形态、颗粒污泥的微生物特性等方面介绍了该工艺的特点.研究表明,生物造粒流化床在总水力停留时间仅为33min的条件下能同时完成混凝造粒、生物降解、固液分离等多个过程,对SS、COD、TP和TN的去除率可分别达到95%、90%、94%和40%左右,达到了与常规活性污泥法相当的二级处理效果.     

Thermal Treatment and Ultimate Disposal of Sewage Sludge in Japan

The shortage of land together with heavy industrialization in Japan makes incineration, and its associated process of sludge melting, favoured methods for the disposal of sewage sludge. The technology used in Japan for thermal drying of sludge and sludge incineration is similar to that used in other industrialized countries. The sludge melting processes which are used in a few installations are unusual. Most of the ash or slag which is produced from the burning of sewage sludge is disposed of by landfill, although an increasing amount of ash and slag is being disposed of by incorporation into construction materials.     

污泥消化沼气的净化利用系统设计

为了利用污泥消化产生的沼气 ,发挥其高效热能 ,减小环境污染 ,结合工程实例 ,通过对沼气采取过滤、脱硫等净化措施 ,保护沼气锅炉及沼气发动机的正常运行 ,延长设备的使用期 ,降低沼气燃烧时二氧化硫的排放量 ,并利用沼气燃烧时产生的热量加热污泥 ,产生良好的经济效益和环境效益     

S-TE污泥好氧减量技术的研究与应用

简述了生物嗜热酶溶解（S—TE）污泥减量技术的原理、嗜热菌的特性和优选、污泥溶解和后续污水污泥处理集成工艺（好氧减量和厌氧产气）的主要影响因素,介绍了近年来S—TE技术应用的最新研究理论和试验成果,并提出了研究和应用中亟待解决的问题。相对于臭氧氧化、氯氧化、热水解、机械破碎、超声波和投加酶等方法,S-TE技术更经济高效、安全,而且能耗低、易于控制,结合后续工艺不仅可以实现污泥的“零排放”,还可同时实现污染物的高效生物降解或沼气产能的增加,应用前景良好。     

Active biomass in activated sludge mixed liquor

The engineering and technology of the activated sludge system are reasonably well established, with systems implemented worldwide for the biological removal of C, N and/or P. Parallel to this development, significant advances have been made in the microbiological and biochemical areas of activated sludge. These advances have been driven by the development of new analytical techniques that allow microorganisms to be studied in situ in the activated sludge environment. However, there has been little cross-linking and overlap between the engineering and technology and microbiology and biochemistry paradigms. In particular, the information from the microbiology and biochemistry has not been integrated into the engineering and technology paradigm, to enable improved system design and optimization. One area that can form a starting point to build bridges between the two paradigm sets, is measurement of active biomass. The current design and simulation models invariably include active biomass for each organism group as fundamental parameters which define quantitatively the kinetic rates of the relevant biological processes. However, these parameters remain purely hypothetical because to date they have not been quantitatively measured; their acceptance is based on the consistency of model predicted results over a wide range of application. This paper describes developments in quantitative measurement of the heterotrophic and autotrophic active biomass concentrations within the engineering and technology paradigm, and the formulation of a multinational project which will attempt to link these measurements and the defined engineering environment to the new microbiological and biochemical analytical techniques. It is hoped that this project will facilitate integration of the two paradigms sets.     

A new interpretation of endogenous respiration profiles for the evaluation of the endogenous decay rate of heterotrophic biomass in activated sludge

In current activated sludge models aerobic degradation, resulting in loss of activity and mass of activated sludge is expressed with only one process called decay. The kinetics of this process is regarded to be first order and constant with respect to the loading conditions. In this work twelve aerobic digestion batch experiments were conducted for the activated sludge of seven different water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). An analysis of the obtained respirograms shows three clearly distinguishable phases. The first phase is assumed to be due to the degradation of stored material (X_STOR) and active biomass simultaneously. The second phase is exclusively due to the degradation of active biomass that is regarded to consist mainly of ordinary heterotrophic biomass (X_OHO). The first order decay rate is slower than the degradation rate in phase 1 and varies between samples. The decay rate correlates with the activity of the activated sludge expressed as the ratio of initial heterotrophic OUR and the initial organic fraction X_ORG of the activated sludge. This second phase was detectable until day 5 of most of the experiments. After that time within phase 3 the OUR decrease slows down and the OUR even increased for short intervals. This behaviour is thought to be due to the activity of higher organisms and the adaptation of microorganisms to starvation.     

Steady-state model-based evaluation of sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification and nitrification integrated (SANI) process

Recently we developed a process for wastewater treatment in places where part of the fresh water usage is replaced by seawater usage. The treatment of this saline sewage consists of sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification and nitrification integrated (SANI) process. The process consists of an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) for sulfate reduction, an anoxic filter for autotrophic denitrification using dissolved sulfide produced in the UASB and an aerobic filter for nitrification. The system was operated for 500 days with 97% COD removal and 74% total nitrogen removal without withdrawal of sludge. To verify these results and to understand this novel process, a steady-state model was developed from the COD, nitrogen and sulfur mass and charge balances based on the stoichiometries of the sulfate reduction, the autotrophic denitrification and the autotrophic nitrification. The model predictions agreed well with measured data on COD, nitrate and sulfate removal, sulfide production, effluent TSS, and mass balances of COD, sulfur and nitrogen in the three reactors. The model explains why withdrawal of sludge from the SANI system is not needed through comparisons of the predictions and measurements of effluent TSS and phosphorus concentrations.     

污泥脱水、输送及储存系统的设计探讨与总结

污泥脱水、输送及储存系统是污泥处理处置工程的重要组成部分,以南宁某项目为例,介绍了污泥脱水工艺、进泥设备、加药系统及泥水分离阀的设计及优化建议;介绍了污泥输送螺旋、缓存料斗及料位检测的工程应用特点,提出一体化破拱装置,详述污泥输送泵及其故障处理方式;介绍了污泥储存系统的管道、入料口的设计要点,滑架破拱装置的设计优化及其液压系统热平衡分析等。该项目投入运营后,脱水污泥含水率降至80%,污泥的日输送量达到66.85 m³/d,污泥储存系统储存量达到200 m³,实现了污泥的减量化生产。最后对该工程进行技术经济分析,为同类项目提供参考。