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1.
Precursor glasses for the ferroelectric barium bismuth titanate (BaBi4Ti4O15) (BBiT) have been prepared by the melt‐quench technique in the SiO2–K2O–BaO–Bi2O3–TiO2 (SKBBT) glass system with and without Eu2O3 doping. BBiT glass–ceramic (GC) nanocomposites have been derived from these glasses by controlled heat treatment. The structural properties of the GCs have been investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (FE‐SEM, TEM), and FT‐IR reflectance spectroscopy. FE‐SEM images show the formation of randomly oriented hexagonal rod‐shaped crystals of 200–400 nm and TEM images show 10–20 nm crystallites. FT‐IR spectra exhibit the characteristic bands of BBiT at 480, 585, and 680 cm?1. The activation energy of crystallization (Ec) varies from 295 to 307 kJ/mol. The dielectric constants (εr) of glass and GC nanocomposites increase with an increase in frequency up to 3.0 MHz and then decrease up to 5.0 MHz. Heat‐treated GCs show higher εr values, in the range 25–55, compared to the precursor glasses (20–37). Dielectric losses (tan δ) for all the samples increase from 0.005 to 1.0 with an increase in frequency from 100 Hz to 5.0 MHz. Excitation spectra were recorded by monitoring emission at 613 nm corresponding to the 5D07F2 transition. An intense 466 nm excitation band corresponding to the 7F05D2 transition was observed. Emission spectra were then recorded by exciting the glass samples at 466 nm. Longer heat‐treatment times led to a 15‐fold increase in the intensity of the red emission at 612 nm, attributed to the segregation of Eu3+ ions into the low phonon energy BBiT crystallites. The hardness (3.8–5.1 GPa) and fracture toughness (1.8–3.5 MPam0.5) values obtained in the GCs are high and suitable for structural applications.  相似文献   

2.
The glass–ceramics containing a rarely achievable nanocrystalline SrIINbIVO3 phase in the 53.75SiO2–18.25K2O–9Bi2O3–9SrO–9Nb2O5–0.5CeO2–0.5Eu2O3 (mol%) glass system were prepared by the melt‐quench technique followed by a two‐stage controlled heat treatment. The unusual oxidation state of Nb in SrIINbIVO3 crystal is 4+ and upon heat treatment of the samples at lower temperature of 500°C for several hours, the glass composition and chemical environment around Nb ions played a key role for the formation of SrIINbIVO3 in the glass–ceramics. The microstructure of the glass–ceramics was studied using TEM and FESEM. The TEM images advocate 10–40 nm crystallite size of SrIINbIVO3. FTIR study confirms that all the samples consist of SiO4, BiO3, BiO6, and NbO6 structural units. The refractive index at different wavelengths was found to vary in the range 1.7105–1.7905 and increase with increase in heat‐treatment time. The luminescence spectra of Eu3+‐doped glass and glass–ceramics were recorded at 465 nm excitation wavelength and the luminescence intensity is found to be increased with heat‐treatment time due to increase in crystallinity. The high intensity ratio of 5D07F2 to 5D07F1 indicates that the Eu3+‐doped nanocrystalline SrIINbIVO3 glass–ceramics are promising candidate materials as red‐light source.  相似文献   

3.
Eu3+‐doped cesium barium borate glass with the composition of Cs2O·2BaO·3B2O3 was prepared by the conventional melt quenching method. The glass‐ceramic sample was obtained from the re‐crystallization of the as‐made glass to change the amorphous glass into a crystalline host. This reduces the Eu3+ in glass to Eu2+ ions resulting in a yellow‐emitting phosphor of Eu2+‐activated CsBaB3O6. The samples were investigated by the XRD patterns and SEM micrograph, the optical absorption, the photoluminescence spectra, and decay curves. The as‐made glass has only Eu3+ centers. Under the excitation of blue or near‐UV light, Eu2+‐doped CsBaB3O6 presents yellow‐emitting color from the allowed inter‐configurational 4f–5d transition in the Eu2+ ions. The maximum absolute luminescence quantum efficiencies of Eu2+‐doped CsBaB3O6 phosphor was measured to be 47% excited at 430 nm light at 300 K. By taking into account the efficient excitation in blue wavelength region, this new phosphor could be a potential yellow‐emitting phosphor for an application in white light‐emitting diodes fabricated with blue chips.  相似文献   

4.
In this paper we report for the first time synthesis of Eu3+‐doped transparent glass‐ceramics (TGC) with BaBi2Ta2O9 (BBT) as the major crystal phase using the glass system SiO2–K2O–BaO–Bi2O3–Ta2O5 by melt quenching technique followed by controlled crystallization through ceramming heat treatment. DSC studies were conducted in order to determine a novel heat‐treatment protocol to attain transparent GCs by controlling crystal growth. The structural properties of the BBT GCs have been investigated using XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM and FTIR reflectance spectroscopy. Optical band gap energies of the glass‐ceramic samples were found to decrease with respect to the precursor glass. An increased intensity of emission along with increase in the average lifetime of Eu3+ was observed due to incorporation of Eu3+ ions into the low‐phonon energy BBT crystal site. The local field asymmetric ratios of all the samples were observed greater than unity. The dielectric constant (εr), dielectric loss, and dissipation factor values of both the base glass and ceramized samples were found to decrease with increase in frequency.  相似文献   

5.
Glass‐ceramic fibers containing Cr3+‐doped ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals were fabricated by the melt‐in‐tube method and successive heat treatment. The obtained fibers were characterized by electro‐probe micro‐analyzer, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectrum and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. In our process, fibers were precursor at the drawing temperature where the fiber core glass was melted while the clad was softened. No obvious element interdiffusion between the core and the clad section or crystallization was observed in precursor fiber. After heat treatment, ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals with diameters ranging from 1.0 to 6.3 nm were precipitated in the fiber core. In comparison to precursor fiber, the glass‐ceramic fiber exhibits broadband emission from Cr3+ when excited at 532 nm, making Cr3+‐doped glass‐ceramic fiber a promising material for broadband tunable fiber laser. Furthermore, the melt‐in‐tube method demonstrated here may open a new gate toward the fabrication of novel glass‐ceramic fibers.  相似文献   

6.
The influence of the addition of 1 mol% Tm2O3 on the nanocrystallization of LaF3 in a glass of composition 55SiO2–20Al2O3–15Na2O–10LaF3 (mol%) has been studied. Tm2O3 affects the phase separation in the glass and delays the onset of crystallization with respect to the undoped glass. Additionally, the maximum LaF3 crystal size is slightly greater than that in the undoped glass–ceramics. The microstructural and compositional changes in the glass matrix have been studied using several techniques, including viscosity, dilatometry, X‐ray and neutron diffraction (XRD, ND), quantitative Rietveld refinement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Raman spectroscopy. Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the Tm3+ ions are distributed between the glassy matrix and LaF3 crystals. Eu2O3 has been used as structure probe and part of the Eu3+ ions are reduced to Eu2+ when incorporated in the LaF3 nano‐crystals. Up‐conversion spectra under IR‐excitation show a higher intensity of the blue emission in the Tm‐doped glass–ceramic compared with that in the glass.  相似文献   

7.
Eu3+‐activated borogermanate scintillating glasses with compositions of 25B2O3–40GeO2–25Gd2O3–(10?x)La2O3xEu2O3 were prepared by melt‐quenching method. Their optical properties were studied by transmittance, photoluminescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and X‐ray excited luminescence (XEL) spectra in detail. The results suggest that the role of Gd2O3 is of significance for designing dense glass. Furthermore, energy‐transfer efficiency from Gd3+ to Eu3+ ions can be near 100% when the content of Eu2O3 exceeds = 4, the corresponding critical distance for Gd3+–Eu3+ ion pairs is estimated to be 4.57 Å. The strongest emission intensities of Eu3+ ions under both 276 and 394 nm excitation are simultaneously at the content of 8 mol% Eu2O3. The degree of Eu–O covalency and the local environment of Eu3+ ions are evaluated by the value of Ωt parameters from Judd–Ofelt analysis. The calculated results imply that the covalency of Eu–O bond increases with the increasing concentration of Eu3+ ions in the investigated borogermanate glass. As a potential scintillating application, the strongest XEL intensity under X‐ray excitation is found to be in the case of 6 mol% Eu2O3, which is slightly different from the photoluminescence results. The possible reason may be attributed to the discrepancy of the excitation mechanism between the ultraviolet and X‐ray energy.  相似文献   

8.
The preparation of Eu3+-doped novel K2O-La2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 (KLAS)-based glass and transparent KLS (KLaSiO4) glass–ceramic (GC) nanocomposites is reported. Nanostructures of the transparent GCs were analyzed by FE-SEM, H(R)-TEM and SAED techniques. The average size of the crystallites is calculated using XRD data and found to be in the range 13–19?nm which is matched well with the average particle size observed from TEM images in the range 5–18?nm. Photoluminescence spectra of Eu3+ ions exhibit emission transitions of 5D0?→?7Fj (j?=?0 and 1–4) under the excitation at 394?nm. The emission spectra reveals up to 3-fold enhancement of luminescence performance of the KLS GC nanocomposites compared to as-prepared glass. This enhancement is caused due to entering of Eu3+ ions into the KLS crystal sites by replacing the La3+ ions. Such luminescence properties of KLS glass-ceramic nanocomposites could be a promising candidate as laser host for many laser devices.  相似文献   

9.
In this paper, the phase compositions and the dielectric properties of 3ZnO–2B2O3 glass‐ceramic prepared by solid‐state method were investigated. The X‐ray diffraction patterns show that all sintered samples consist of Zn3B2O6 and α‐Zn(BO2)2. The dielectric properties changed significantly with the sintering temperature. After sintering at 650°C for 30 min, the glass‐ceramic exhibits optimum dielectric properties: a dielectric constant of 7.5 and a dielectric loss of 0.6 × 10?3 at 10 MHz. The chemical compatibility with Ag electrode under the co‐fired process illustrates a potential application in low temperature co‐fired ceramic field for the glass‐ceramic.  相似文献   

10.
Cr3+–Yb3+ codoped transparent glass‐ceramics containing Y3Al5O12 nanocrystals were prepared by heat treatment of as‐prepared glass sample and characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to Yb3+ ions through multi‐phonon‐assisted process was confirmed by the luminescence spectrum and fluorescent lifetime measurements. When excited by the lights from a solar simulator in the wavelength region of 400–800 nm, greatly enhanced near‐infrared emission around 1 μm was achieved from Cr3+–Yb3+ codoped glass ceramic compared with that from as‐prepared glass and Ce3+–Yb3+ codoped glass ceramic. These results demonstrate that the Cr3+–Yb3+ codoped glass ceramic is a promising material for enhancement of the efficiency of solar energy utilization.  相似文献   

11.
SiO2-Na2O-Al2O3-LaF3 glass-ceramics doped with Eu2+ were synthesized as an efficient inorganic color converter for 400 nm UV-LED. When Eu2+ formed within the glass matrix, the obtained glass showed cyan emission under 400 nm excitation, but its emission peak drastically shifted to greenish yellow upon heat treatment. With heat treatment the glass-ceramic also showed highly increased emission intensity, and the color coordinate of the glass-ceramic shifted to yellow. When it was mounted on top of a 400 nm UV-LED, it demonstrated high color conversion efficiency and practical feasibility as an UV-LED color converter. To vary the color coordination the heat-treatment conditions and the thickness of the glass-ceramic were adjusted. The resulting ceramic showed a high quantum yield of up to 78%, which is comparable to conventional ceramic phosphors. The spectral change in the glass-ceramic is attributed to the formation of nepheline and LaF3 crystalline phases. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope with energy dispervise spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) and cathode luminescence (CL) were used to investigate the mechanism of Eu2+-doped nepheline crystal formation, and its effect on the spectral change with heat treatment.  相似文献   

12.
A luminescent Eu, Dy: SrAl2O4 glass‐ceramics with high transparency in the visible region was successfully synthesized using the frozen sorbet technique with the control of O2 partial pressure () for the oxidation of Eu2+ ions. The glass‐ceramics include Eu2+, Eu3+, and Dy3+ ions, and thus exhibits three characteristic types of emission bands, 4f–5d at around 520 nm (Eu2+ ions), 4f–4f at 610 nm (Eu3+ ions), and 480 nm (Dy3+ ions). The Eu, Dy: SrAl2O4 glass‐ceramics provide remarkable long‐persistent luminescence under dark condition. The glass‐ceramics also exhibits color‐changing luminescence in the visible region based on their remarkable light storage properties. The luminescent Eu, Dy: SrAl2O4 glass‐ceramics using the frozen sorbet technique with control of are promising materials for application in novel photonic and light storage materials.  相似文献   

13.
Transparent glass‐ceramics containing Ce3+: Y3Al5O12 phosphors and Eu3+ ions were successfully fabricated by a low‐temperature co‐sintering technique to explore their potential application in white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). Microstructure of the sample was studied using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The impact of co‐sintering temperature, Ce3+: Y3Al5O12 crystal content and Eu3+ doping content on optical properties of glass‐ceramics were systematically studied by emission, excitation spectra, and decay curves. Notably, the spatial separation of these two different activators in the present glass‐ceramics, where Ce3+ ions located in YAG crystalline phase while the Eu3+ ones stayed in glass matrix, is advantageous to the realization of both intense yellow emission assigned to Ce3+: 5d→4f transition and red luminescence originating from Eu3+: 4f→4f transitions. As a result, the quantum yield of the glass‐ceramic reached as high as 93%, and the constructed WLEDs exhibited an optimal luminous efficacy of 122 lm/W, correlated color temperature of 6532 K and color rendering index of 75.  相似文献   

14.
Eu3+‐doped Mg3‐xEux(BO3)2 (x = 0.000, 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, 0.050, and 0.100) phosphors were synthesized for the first time by solution combustion synthesis method, which is a fast synthesis method for obtaining nano‐sized borate powders. The optimization of the synthesis conditions of phosphor materials was performed by TG/DTA method. These phosphors were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM‐EDX, and photoluminescence, PL analysis. The XRD analysis exhibited that all of the prepared ceramic compounds have been crystallized in orthorhombic structure with space group Pnnm. Also, the influence of europium dopant ions on unit cell parameters of host material was analyzed using Jana2006 program and the crystalline size was determined by Debye‐Scherrer's formula. The luminescence properties of all Eu3+‐doped samples were investigated by excitation and emission spectra. The excitation spectra of Mg3‐xEux(BO3)2 phosphors show characteristic peak at 420 nm in addition to other characteristic peaks of Eu3+ under emission at 613 nm. The emission spectra of Eu3+‐doped samples indicated most intensive red emission band dominated at 630 nm belonging to 5D07F2 magnetic dipole transition. Furthermore, the optimum or quenching concentration of Eu3+ ion has been determined as x = 0.010 showed the maximum emission intensity when it was excited at 394 nm.  相似文献   

15.
This paper describes the preparation of a transparent glass‐ceramic from the SiO2‐K2O‐ZnO‐Al2O3‐TiO2 system containing a single crystalline phase, gahnite (ZnAl2O4). TiO2 was used as a nucleating agent for the heat‐induced precipitation of gahnite crystals of 5‐10 nm. The evolution of the ZnAl2O4 spinel structure through the gradual formation of Al‐O bonds was examined by infrared spectroscopy. The dark brown color of the transparent precursor glass and glass‐ceramic was eliminated using CeO2. The increase in transparency of the CeO2‐doped glass and glass‐ceramics was demonstrated by UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy. EPR measurements confirmed the presence of Ce3+ ions, indicating that CeO2 was effective in eliminating the brown color introduced by Ti3+ ions via oxidation to Ti+4. The hardness of the glass‐ceramic was 30% higher than that of the as‐prepared glasses. This work offers key guidelines to produce hard, transparent glass‐ceramics which may be potential candidates for a variety of technological applications, such as armor and display panels.  相似文献   

16.
A series of glasses composed of xB2O3–8Al2O3‐(90?x)Na2O–R2O3 (x = 65, 70, 75, 80, 85; R = Dy3+, Tb3+, Sm3+) were prepared through melt‐quenching. Structural evolution was induced by varying the glass composition. Increasing the glass network former B2O3 enhanced the luminescence of rare‐earth ions, as observed in the emission spectra. The mechanism of the glass structural evolution was investigated by the NMR spectra analysis. The dispersant effect of the glass structure was believed to promote the better distribution of the rare‐earth ions in the matrix and reduced the concentration quenching between them. The relationship between the glass structure and its optical properties was established.  相似文献   

17.
In this work, silica powders and transparent glass‐ceramic materials containing LaF3:Eu3+ nanocrystals were synthesized using the low‐temperature sol‐gel technique. Prepared samples were characterized by TG/DSC analysis as well as X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The transformation from liquid sols toward bulk powders and xerogels was also examined and analyzed. The optical behavior of prepared Eu3+‐doped sol‐gel samples were evaluated based on photoluminescence excitation (PLE: λem = 611 nm) and emission (PL: λexc = 393 nm, λexc = 397 nm) spectra as well as luminescence decay analysis. The series of luminescence lines located within reddish‐orange spectral scope were registered and identified as the intra‐configurational 4f6‐4f6 transitions originated from Eu3+ optically active ions (5D0 → 7FJ, J = 0‐4). Moreover, the R/O‐ratio was also calculated to estimate the symmetry in local framework around Eu3+ ions. The luminescence spectra and double‐exponential character of decay curves recorded for fabricated nanocrystalline sol‐gel samples (τ1(5D0) = 2.07 ms, τ2(5D0) = 8.07 ms and τ1(5D0) = 0.79 ms, τ2(5D0) = 9.76 ms for powders and glass‐ceramics, respectively) indicated the successful migration of optically active Eu3+ ions from amorphous silica framework to low phonon energy LaF3 nanocrystal phase.  相似文献   

18.
We developed a new Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LAS) ultra‐low expansion glass‐ceramic by nonisothermal sintering with concurrent crystallization. The optimum sintering conditions were 30°C/min with a maximum temperature of 1000°C. The best sintered material reached 98% of the theoretical density of the parent glass and has an extremely low linear thermal expansion coefficient (0.02 × 10?6/°C) in the temperature range of 40°C–500°C, which is even lower than that of the commercial glass‐ceramic Ceran® that is produced by the traditional ceramization method. The sintered glass‐ceramic presents a four‐point bending strength of 92 ± 15 MPa, which is similar to that of Ceran® (98 ± 6 MPa), in spite of the 2% porosity. It is white opaque and does not have significant infrared transmission. The maximum use temperature is 600°C. It could thus be used on modern inductively heated cooktops.  相似文献   

19.
A sol–gel combustion method has been used to synthesize Y2O3–50 vol%MgO composite nanopowders. Solutions of the precursor nitrates were mixed with citric acid and ethylene glycol, heated from 200°C to a predetermined temperature gradually, giving nanocrystalline ceramic powders. The influence of the ratio of yttrium nitrate to the whole precursor mixture and the holding temperature on the properties of the composite nanopowder was investigated using a combination of thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction, specific surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. When the ratio of yttrium nitrate to the whole precursor mixture reaches 22.5 mol%, the average particle size of synthesized composite nanopowder is 13 nm and the specific surface area is 45.9 m2/g. Then the synthesized Y2O3–MgO composite nanopowder was consolidated by the hot‐pressing technique at 1200°C with different dwell time. As a result, the nanocomposite ceramic prepared with a dwell time of 60 min got the highest transmittance of 75% at 5 μm wavelength. The cut‐off wavelength of Y2O3–MgO nanocomposite ceramic reaches 9.8 μm, which is superior to other mid‐IR transparent materials. In addition, the fabricated sample is more or less transparent in visible wavelengths and the transmittance at 0.8 μm is as high as 14.5%.  相似文献   

20.
Transparent (Y0.98?xTb0.02Eux)2O3 (= 0–0.04) ceramics with color‐tailorable emission have been successfully fabricated by vacuum sintering at the relatively low temperature of 1700°C for 4 h. These ceramics have the in‐line transmittances of ~73%–76% at 613 nm, the wavelength of Eu3+ emission (the 5D07F2 transition). Thermodynamic calculation indicates that the Tb4+ ions in the starting oxide powder can essentially be reduced to Tb3+ under ~10?3 Pa (the pressure for vacuum sintering) when the temperature is above ~394°C. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of the transparent (Y0.98?xTb0.02Eux)2O3 ceramics exhibit one spin‐forbidden (high‐spin, HS) band at ~323 nm and two spin‐allowed (low‐spin, LS) bands at ~303 and 281 nm. Improved emissions were observed for both Eu3+ and Tb3+ by varying the excitation wavelength from 270 to 323 nm, without notably changing the color coordinates of the whole emission. The transparent (Y0.98Tb0.02)2O3 ceramic exhibits the typical green emission of Tb3+ at 544 nm (the 5D47F5 transition). With increasing Eu3+ incorporation, the emission color of the (Y0.98?xTb0.02Eux)2O3 ceramics can be precisely tailored from yellowish‐green to reddish‐orange via the effective energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ under the excitation with the peak wavelength of the HS band. At the maximum Eu3+ emission intensity (= 0.02), the ceramic shows a high energy‐transfer efficiency of ~85.3%. The fluorescence lifetimes of both the 544 nm Tb3+ and 613 nm Eu3+ emissions were found to decrease with increasing Eu3+ concentration.  相似文献   

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