植物精油在可食性抗菌膜中的应用

本文简要介绍了可食性抗菌膜的种类和抑菌机理,综述了近年来国内外植物精油的提取技术、化学成分、抑菌机理、植物精油对可食性抗菌膜性能的影响及其在食品保鲜上的应用的研究进展,并分析了植物精油应用在可食性抗菌膜上可能存在的问题,对其未来发展前景进行了展望。     

壳聚糖/植物精油可食性抗菌膜研究进展

壳聚糖包埋植物精油制备的可食性抗菌膜具有原料来源广泛、可食、可降解,抗菌效果强等优势,在食品保鲜领域显示了重要的应用价值。本文综述了壳聚糖和精油各自的结构、性质、壳聚糖/精油复合膜及添加了其它天然高分子如蛋白质、淀粉等的复合可食性抗菌膜的研究进展,同时指出了目前该研究领域中存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为壳聚糖/植物精油复合可食性抗菌膜研究的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

壳聚糖/柠檬草精油复合膜的制备及性能研究

以壳聚糖为主要成膜材料,添加适量的柠檬草精油,制备可食性复合膜,测定了柠檬草精油对膜的理化性质和抗菌性能的影响.红外光谱谱图说明柠檬草精油与壳聚糖基质间发生相互作用.扫描电镜结果表明两者共混成膜时柠檬草精油均匀分散.添加柠檬草精油,降低了复合膜的透明度,却能有效提高其抗拉强度、水蒸气阻隔性能和抗菌活性.     

抗菌食品包装研究进展

本文简要概述了一种活性食品包装——抗菌食品包装的研究进展,分别介绍了无机和有机抗菌包装体系以及可食性抗菌膜的研究和应用。     

多糖类可食性膜的研究进展

可食性膜是目前食品包装领域研究的重要方向,其中,多糖类可食性膜因具有均匀、透明等特点而备受青 睐。目前,多糖类可食性膜的研究主要集中在改善其应用性能的同时,赋予其抗氧化性、抑菌性等更多的生物活 性,因此展现出良好的应用前景。本文在简要介绍多糖类可食性膜的主要组成、性能的基础上,对其成膜机理、生 物活性及应用发展进行了综述。     

微射流均质对羧甲基纤维素—精油可食性膜性能的影响

采用微射流均质技术制备羧甲基纤维素(CMC)—精油纳米乳成膜液,研究微射流均质对成膜液理化特性及可食性膜物理和机械特性的影响,探讨CMC-精油纳米乳成膜液理化特性与膜性能之间的关系。结果表明,微射流均质可显著降低CMC-精油成膜液的平均粒径(P0.05),均质处理后不同精油纳米乳成膜液的ξ-电势值不同,变化范围为-37.63～-59.67mV。与CMC可食性膜相比,CMC-精油纳米乳可食性膜的水蒸气透过性显著降低(P0.05)。CMC-肉桂和CMC-牛至精油纳米乳可食性膜具有较高的透明度。CMC-牛至精油纳米乳可食性膜柔韧性最好。采用微射流均质处理CMC-精油成膜液可使所成膜具有更好的物理和机械特性。     

3种植物精油微胶囊抗菌膜在鱼丸保鲜中的应用

分别以香芹酚、百里香酚、牛至油为芯材,以β-环糊精为壁材,制备抗菌微胶囊,将制备的抗菌微胶囊分散到壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇混合的基底膜中,制备成含植物精油微胶囊的抗菌膜。研究制备的3种植物精油微胶囊抗菌膜的力学性能和抗菌性能,并以挥发性盐基氮、pH值和感官评分为指标,探索3种微胶囊抗菌膜对鱼丸的保鲜效果。结果表明,3种植物精油微胶囊抗菌膜都具有较好的抑菌性能,都能延长鱼丸的货架期,其中,香芹酚膜具有最佳抑菌效果。     

壳聚糖食品包装膜研究进展

壳聚糖有着良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,有一定的抗菌性能和抗氧化性能,在食品包装领域具有潜在的优势。但壳聚糖食品包装膜机械性能和阻隔性能较差,还不能达到广泛应用的要求。本文从膜的机械性能和保鲜性能入手,综述了近年来壳聚糖食品包装膜的研究进展。分别讨论了成膜条件以及多糖类、蛋白类和酚类等物质对膜抗拉强度和断裂伸长率的影响;膜成分对膜的阻水以及阻气性能的影响;含苯氧基以及其它物质对膜抗菌性和抗氧化性的影响。期待对壳聚糖食品包装膜研究具有一定的参考意义。     

可食性蛋白膜研究进展

可食性蛋白膜以其可生物降解、营养可食、隔油阻气等性能,正在成为国内外研究的热点.越来越多的可食性蛋白膜新技术被应用到食品包装领域.综述可食性蛋白膜的成膜机理、方法、种类、功能特性及其影响因素.     

植物精油抗菌包装膜研究进展

植物精油作为天然来源的抑菌物质,在食品保鲜领域的应用越来越广泛。该文介绍其作为抗菌剂添加至聚合物基质中制备包装抗菌膜的研究现状,总结精油在膜材料中的构建方式、对膜物理性能、机械性能、抗菌性能的影响以及在食品保藏中的应用。指出植物精油抗菌膜材料存在的问题以及未来的研究重点和发展趋势,为精油抗菌膜的进一步发展提供思路。     

Development of Edible Films and Coatings with Antimicrobial Activity

Over the last years, considerable research has been conducted to develop and apply edible films and coatings made from a variety of agricultural commodities and/or wastes of food product industrialization. Such biopolymers include polysaccharides, proteins, and their blends. These materials present the possibility of being carriers of different additives, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, nutraceuticals, and flavorings agents. In particular, the use of edibles films and coatings containing antimicrobials has demonstrated to be a useful tool as a stress factor to protect foodstuff against spoilage flora and to decrease the risk of pathogen growth. The more commonly antimicrobials used are organic acids, chitosan, nisin, the lactoperoxidase system, and some plant extracts and their essential oils. For the selection of an antimicrobial, it must be considered the effectiveness against the target microorganism and also the possible interactions among the antimicrobial, the film-forming biopolymer, and other food components present. These interactions can modify the antimicrobial activity and the characteristics of the film being these key factors for the development of antimicrobial films and coatings. The main objective of this article is to review the bibliography of the last years concerning the main hydrocolloids and antimicrobials used for developing edible films and coatings, the methods used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, the applications and the legislation concerning edible films and coatings. Also, the different strategies related to the modification of structural characteristics and the future trends in the development are discussed. The information update will help to improve the design, development, and application of edible films and coatings tending to increase the safety and quality of food products and to prepare for food legislation changes that might be necessary while identifying future trends concerning a better functionality of edible films thought as a stress factor for lengthening shelf life of food products.     

Effects of Allspice, Cinnamon, and Clove Bud Essential Oils in Edible Apple Films on Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities

ABSTRACT:  Essential oils (EOs) derived from plants are rich sources of volatile terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Such compounds have the potential to inactivate pathogenic bacteria on contact and in the vapor phase. Edible films made from fruits or vegetables containing EOs can be used commercially to protect food against contamination by pathogenic bacteria. EOs from cinnamon, allspice, and clove bud plants are compatible with the sensory characteristics of apple-based edible films. These films could extend product shelf life and reduce risk of pathogen growth on food surfaces. This study evaluated physical properties (water vapor permeability, color, tensile properties) and antimicrobial activities against  Escherichia coli  O157:H7,  Salmonella enterica,  and  Listeria monocytogenes  of allspice, cinnamon, and clove bud oils in apple puree film-forming solutions formulated into edible films at 0.5% to 3% (w/w) concentrations. Antimicrobial activities were determined by 2 independent methods: overlay of the film on top of the bacteria and vapor phase diffusion of the antimicrobial from the film to the bacteria. The antimicrobial activities against the 3 pathogens were in the following order: cinnamon oil > clove bud oil > allspice oil. The antimicrobial films were more effective against  L. monocytogenes  than against the  S. enterica . The oils reduced the viscosity of the apple solutions and increased elongation and darkened the colors of the films. They did not affect water vapor permeability. The results show that apple-based films with allspice, cinnamon, or clove bud oils were active against 3 foodborne pathogens by both direct contact with the bacteria and indirectly by vapors emanating from the films.     

Physical and antibacterial properties of edible films formulated with apple skin polyphenols

Fruit and vegetable skins have polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, and phenols with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. These flavoring plant essential oil components are generally regarded as safe. Edible films made from fruits or vegetables containing apple skin polyphenols have the potential to be used commercially to protect food against contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The main objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties as well as antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica of apple skin polyphenols at 0% to 10% (w/w) concentrations in apple puree film-forming solutions formulated into edible films. Commercial apple skin polyphenol powder had a water activity of 0.44 and high total soluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (995.3 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g and 14.4 mg Trolox/g, respectively). Antimicrobial activities of edible film containing apple skin polyphenols were determined by the overlay method. Apple edible film with apple skin polyphenols was highly effective against L. monocytogenes. The minimum concentration need to inactive L. monocytogenes was 1.5%. However, apple skin polyphenols did not show any antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica even at 10% level. The presence of apple skin polyphenols reduced water vapor permeability of films. Apple skin polyphenols increased elongation of films and darkened the color of films. The results of the present study show that apple skin polyphenols can be used to prepare apple-based antimicrobial edible films with good physical properties for food applications by direct contact.     

Antimicrobial activity of whey protein based edible films incorporated with oregano,rosemary and garlic essential oils

The use of edible films to release antimicrobial constituents in food packaging is a form of active packaging. Antimicrobial properties of spice extracts are well known, however their application to edible films is limited. In this study, antimicrobial properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) films containing 1.0–4.0% (wt/vol) ratios of oregano, rosemary and garlic essential oils were tested against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 35218), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Listeria monocytogenes (NCTC 2167) and Lactobacillus plantarum (DSM 20174). Ten millilitres of molten hard agar was inoculated by 200 μl of bacterial cultures (colony count of 1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml) grown overnight in appropriate medium. Circular discs of WPI films containing spice extracts, prepared by casting method, were placed on a bacterial lawn. Zones of inhibition were measured after an incubation period. The film containing oregano essential oil was the most effective against these bacteria at 2% level than those containing garlic and rosemary extracts (P < 0.05). The use of rosemary essential oil incorporated into WPI films did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity whereas inhibitory effect of WPI film containing garlic essential oil was observed only at 3% and 4% level (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that the antimicrobial activity of some spice extracts were expressed in a WPI based edible film.     

Antibacterial Effects of Allspice, Garlic, and Oregano Essential Oils in Tomato Films Determined by Overlay and Vapor-Phase Methods

ABSTRACT:  Physical properties as well as antimicrobial activities against  Escherichia coli  O157:H7,  Salmonella enterica , and  Listeria monocytogenes  of allspice, garlic, and oregano essential oils (EOs) in tomato puree film-forming solutions (TPFFS) formulated into edible films at 0.5% to 3% (w/w) concentrations were investigated in this study. Antimicrobial activities were determined by 2 independent methods: overlay of the film on top of the bacteria and vapor-phase diffusion of the antimicrobial from the film to the bacteria. The results indicate that the antimicrobial activities against the 3 pathogens were in the following order: oregano oil > allspice oil > garlic oil.  Listeria monocytogenes  was less resistant to EO vapors, while  E. coli  O157:H7 was more resistant to EOs as determined by both overlay and vapor-phase diffusion tests. The presence of plant EO antimicrobials reduced the viscosity of TPFFS at the higher shear rates, but did not affect water vapor permeability of films. EOs increased elongation and darkened the color of films. The results of the present study show that the 3 plant-derived EOs can be used to prepare tomato-based antimicrobial edible films with good physical properties for food applications by both direct contact and indirectly by vapors emanating from the films.     

Biocontrol of Salmonella Typhimurium in RTE foods with the virulent bacteriophage FO1-E2

Antimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films to provide microbiological stability, since films can be used as carriers of a variety of additives to extend product shelf life and reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. Addition of antimicrobial agents to edible films offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate inhibition by vapor contact of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum by selected concentrations of Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) or lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oils (EOs) added to amaranth, chitosan, or starch edible films. Essential oils were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Amaranth, chitosan and starch edible films were formulated with essential oil concentrations of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, or 4.00%. Antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the mold radial growth on agar media inoculated with A. niger and P. digitatum after exposure to vapors arising from essential oils added to amaranth, chitosan or starch films using the inverted lid technique. The modified Gompertz model adequately described mold growth curves (mean coefficient of determination 0.991 ± 0.05). Chitosan films exhibited better antifungal effectiveness (inhibition of A. niger with 0.25% of Mexican oregano and cinnamon EO; inhibition of P. digitatum with 0.50% EOs) than amaranth films (2.00 and 4.00% of cinnamon and Mexican oregano EO were needed to inhibit the studied molds, respectively). For chitosan and amaranth films a significant increase (p<0.05) of lag phase was observed among film concentrations while a significant decrease (p<0.05) of maximum specific growth was determined. Chitosan edible films incorporating Mexican oregano or cinnamon essential oil could improve the quality of foods by the action of the volatile compounds on surface growth of molds.     

Physical Characterization and Pork Packaging Application of Chitosan Films Incorporated with Combined Essential Oils of Cinnamon and Ginger

Combinations of essential oils (EOs) can be an effective approach to reinforce their antimicrobial effects. In this sense, incorporation of two EOs into edible films may have supplementary utilizations in food packaging. Chitosan films containing combined EOs of cinnamon and ginger (1:1) at levels of 0.00, 0.05, 0.20, and 1.00% were developed and preliminarily characterized in the current study. The effect of the resulting materials on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of pork was then investigated during refrigerated storage (4 °C) over 9 days. Results showed that the presence of EOs markedly increased the thickness and opacity of the chitosan films, but did not modify the film solubility and water vapor permeability. When applied to the preservation of pork slices, these films were effective in retarding total microbial growth, increases in pH as well as lipid oxidation. The highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were observed in chitosan films incorporated with 1.00% EOs. These results suggest that chitosan-EO films have potential for application in pork packaging.     

二种可食用精油的抗菌活性研究

对生姜和芫荽叶两种可食用精油的抗菌活性进行了研究.采用水蒸汽同步蒸馏法提取精油,以抗生素为参比,运用琼脂孔洞法测定生姜块茎和芫荽茎叶精油抗6种食源性致病菌和2种腐败真菌的抑菌圈直径.结果表明,生姜和芫荽精油均表现程度不等的广谱抗菌活性.生姜精油对肺炎克雷伯菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和假丝酵母具有良好的抗菌作用...     

Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and cinnamon essential oil with low affinity toward water

Combining antimicrobial agents such as plant essential oils directly into a food packaging is a form of active packaging. In this work chitosan-based films containing cinnamon essential oil (CEO) at level of 0.4%, .0.8%, and 1.5% and 2% (v/v) were prepared to examine their antibacterial, physical and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to explain structure–property relationships. Incorporating CEO into chitosan-based films increased antimicrobial activity. CEO decreased moisture content, solubility in water, water vapour permeability and elongation at break of chitosan films. It is postulated that the unique properties of the CEO added films could suggest the cross-linking effect of CEO components within the chitosan matrix. Electron microscopy images confirmed the results obtained in this study.