水利水电工程3维地质建模系统一体化设计

针对水利水电三维地质建模软件在地质信息数据库与建模系统分离的弱点,提出结合三维地质数据库与三维建模软件交互设计的方法,并在CATIA软件上开发了适用于水利水电工程的三维地质建模平台。利用Microsoft SQL 8.0软件建立了三维地质建模数据库,能实现数据录入、查询、删除、EXCEL模版导入导出等功能,利用Visual Basic.net软件搭建了三维地质建模平台,包括三维地质建模中所需的覆盖层、地质层、水文层、模型分析等基本模块,并将三维地质建模数据库嵌入到三维地质建模平台中,实现钻孔数据导入、虚拟钻孔、以及三维地质模型的任意剖切出图等功能。实现了三维地质建模数据库与三维建模平台一体化的设计理念。     

基于TIN不连续地质体的三维构模及动态显示

讨论了 MGIS中与煤矿地质信息相适应的三维地层数据库管理系统 ;给出了用于煤矿中不连续地质体三维构模的 TIN的生成及其动态修改算法 ;介绍了三维地质仿真系统的组成及其功能     

一种适用于规则形体的三维重建方法

给出了一种适用于规则形体的三维重建方法,从待建模对象的若干不同角度的照片出发,先通过特征提取和交叉匹配获得足够多的特征点,并以协方差作为相似性度量依据,采取分布匹配策略剔除错误匹配对,然后通过空间点重建和表面重建法重建出目标对象的三维模型,并从采集的图像中提取真实纹理,对图像进行二维三角化,三角化的二维点列再映射到三维空间,为三维模型添加纹理,得到具有真实感的外观模型.实际应用验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

田野考古GIS数据模型研究

以田野考古发掘中的各种三维空间对象为研究背景，进行详细的数据对象分类与描述．基于面向对象的思想，在进行田野考古三维现象剖析的基础上提出了适合考古发掘对象的矢量与栅格集成的混合数据模型，并以地层模型和地物模型分别加以描述和建模，论述了建模方法，即结合地层数据源类型，进行基于多层DEM与QTPV的地层建模，同时根据地物类别、形状和内部堆积进行基于TIN与TEN表示的三维地物建模，并提出了两者的集成方法和实施步骤．研究结果实现了田野考古GIS空间数据模型的统一表达，为田野考古GIS的开发提供了模型支持和基础．     

层状岩体三维构模方法与空间数据模型

岩体的结构特征是决定工程稳定性的重要因素．对岩体结构特征的刻画，已成为工程稳定性分析中不可缺少的手段与依据．根据岩体的结构特征，从三维构模的角度上，将层状岩体划分成连续型非褶皱岩体、断裂型非褶皱岩体与褶皱型岩体3种基本类型的结构单元．在此基础上，形成分别适用于3种类型结构单元的柱体构模方法、表面构模方法与断面构模方法；对应3种基本结构单元，建立3种空间数据模型，即：柱体模型、TIN面模型与断面模型．并通过模型实例验证了构模方法与空间数据模型的可行性。     

Probe into Key Techniques of Regional-Oriented 3D GIS

1 Introduction Geological exploration is one of the most im- portant approaches to study and solve multitudinous geological problems in the development of modern times. Since 1990s, geological work has been con- fronted with a new opportunity that is brought by the rapid development and extensive application of in- formation technology all over the world. It becomes a new working model for studies based on digital spa- tial database, computer cartography and Geographi- cal Information System …     

Probe into Key Techniques of Regional-Oriented 3D GIS On the key techniques of 3D GIS used for regional Geological Information System

Regional Geological Information System combines the multi-dimensional and dynamic spatial information into an integrated spatial information system. 3D geological modeling and its preprocessing or post-processing are the most difficult problems for constructing the system. Based on the current 3D GIS technique, some basic problems in establishing the system are discussed in this paper, including 3D spatial data model, 3D geological modeling, and visualization of 3D geological data. A kind of 3D vector data model based on boundary representation for geological object and its topology was developed in order to model and visualize complex geological structures. In addition, some key techniques are pointed out for further study.     

3D GIS支持下的城市三维地质数据管理与服务系统研究

城市地质数据的数字化管理与服务是“数字城市”工程的重要内容．3D GIS将在未来的城市数字化建设中扮演核心角色．介绍了3D GIS的发展现状及应用前景．详细讨论了基于3D GIS构建的城市地质数据管理与服务系统的设计思路和结构功能，在分析城市三维地质数据多种建模方法的基础上，采用一种基于TIN和TEN的混合数据结构来构建城市三维地质数据建模系统．另外，针对城市三维地质数据的特点，探讨了城市三维地质海量数据的采集与管理、城市三维地质数据信息的Web发布等重要问题，力求为系统的最终实现提供完整的解决方案．     

Framework system and research flow of uncertainty in 3D geological structure models

Uncertainty in 3D geological structure models has become a bottleneck that restricts the development and application of 3D geological modeling.In order to solve this problem during periods of accuracy assessment,error detection and dynamic correction in 3D geological structure models,we have reviewed the current situation and development trends in 3D geological modeling.The main context of uncertainty in 3D geological structure models is discussed.Major research issues and a general framework system of uncertainty in 3D geological structure models are proposed.We have described in detail the integration of development practices of 3D geological modeling systems,as well as the implementation process for uncertainty evaluation in 3D geological structure models.This study has laid the basis to build theoretical and methodological systems for accuracy assessment and error correction in 3D geological models and can assist in improving 3D modeling techniques under complex geological conditions,     

Research on 3D Modeling and Visualization of Coal Pillars for Surface Protection

In order to safely exploit coal resource, protection coal pillars must be prepared in coal mines. Some correlative parameters of protection coal pillar are calculated by Drop face and Drop line methods. Models of protecting surface objects and coal pillars are established by TIN modeling and object-oriented technique. By using ACCESS2000as the database and the VC＋＋ and OpenGL as the language, the calculation of protective coal pillars is realized and the 3D-visulizaiton system for protected objects on ground surface and for coal pillars is developed. The system can obtain the data of characteristic points on the surface interactively from the digitized mine topography map, constructing 3D model automatically. It can also obtain the interrelated parameters of the coal seam and drill hole data from existing geolog!cal surveying database to calculate the location, surface area and the total coal columns. The whole process can be computed quickly and accurately. And the 3D visualization system was applied in a mine, showing that the system solve the problem of complex calculation, not only realized the automatic 3D mapping and visualization of coal pillars for buildings protection, but also greatly improves the working efficiency.     

Layer-Constrained Triangulated Irregular Network Algorithm Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Data and Its Application

In this paper,a layer-constrained triangulated irregular network (LC-TIN) algorithm is proposed for three-dimensional (3D) modelling,and applied to construct a 3 D model for geological disease information based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) data.Compared with the traditional TIN algorithm,the LC-TIN algorithm introduced a layer constraint to the discrete data points during the 3D modelling process,and it can dynamically construct networks from layer to layer and implement 3D modelling for arbitrary shapes with high precision.The experimental results validated this method,the proposed algorithm not only can maintain the rationality of triangulation network,but also can obtain a good generation speed.In addition,the algorithm is also introduced to our self-developed 3D visualization platform,which utilized GPR data to model geological diseases.Therefore the feasibility of the algorithm is verified in the practical application.     

Layer-Constrained Triangulated Irregular Network Algorithm Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Data and Its Application

In this paper,a layer-constrained triangulated irregular network (LC-TIN) algorithm is proposed for three-dimensional (3D) modelling,and applied to construct a 3D model for geological disease information based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) data.Compared with the traditional TIN algorithm,the LC-TIN algorithm introduced a layer constraint to the discrete data points during the 3D modelling process,and it can dynamically construct networks from layer to layer and implement 3D modelling for arbitrary shapes with high precision.The experimental results validated this method,the proposed algorithm not only can maintain the rationality of triangulation network,but also can obtain a good generation speed.In addition,the algorithm is also introduced to our self-developed 3D visualization platform,which utilized GPR data to model geological diseases.Therefore the feasibility of the algorithm is verified in the practical application.     

支持界面描述的扩展对象模型

根据界面工程设计和自动化的需要 ,给出一种支持界面自动生成的扩展对象模型 .在一般对象描述的基础上 ,该模型扩展了对象的属性和特征 ,提出了诸如属性取值范围、方式、来源、分组等 ,以及导出、联动和导航关系等 .该模型从界面的领域建模出发 ,可以提供丰富的信息以指导界面代码的自动生成     

Application of 3D Visual Techniques in Daliuta Coal Mine

3D visualization is one of major problems in ＂Digital Mine＂ theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the information of production management hidden in geological data, could be detected. In order to meet the requirement of more efficient coal exploration, a case study of geological characters of the Daliuta Coal Mine is presented in which 3D visual models of the ground surface and geologic bodies are established on the basis of data models and data structures of 3D geology modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows： （1） Through analysis and organization of spatial discrete data, the drillhole database is designed with the data of the Daliuta mine; the connections amomg drillhole data are realized and displayed in a 3D environment. （2） Combining real data of the Daliuta mine, drillhole visualization is realized in a 3D environment by using the CoalMiner system. （3） The ground surface modeling of the Daliuta coal mine adopted a surface-data model and a TIN data structure. （4） 3D models of coal seams and rock formations of the Daliuta mine are established, which provide a method for the simulation of complex surfaces of geologic bodies. In the end, the models are applied to the Daliuta coal mine and the result shows that better geological effects are obtained.     

基于HPIM技术的地形与地质建模应用研究

水电工程的地形与地质条件对其施工难度及施工工艺具有很大的影响。如何以更高效的方法处理因复杂地形地质条件导致的施工困难,是当前水电工程中所面临的问题。提出了将HPIM技术应用于水电工程地形与地质条件建模的方法,阐述了基于HPIM技术对地形与地质条件进行快速建模的流程。基于HPIM技术信息多元化的特点,加以统一的数据标准对地形与地质条件模型进行参数化驱动,实现了现实中水电工程地形地质条件与计算机中数字模型相对应的仿真模式,并在工程实例中取得了一定的应用成果。     

岩石软弱面产状对井壁稳定性的影响

在连续介质力学井壁稳定性分析的基础上,采用简化的岩石软弱面地质模型和力学模型,计算分析了岩石软弱面倾角和倾斜方位角改变对直井,斜井井壁稳定性的影响。结果表明：相同作用条件下,岩石软弱面的稳定性明显低于基质岩块的稳定性,当井周围存在裂缝或节理等软弱面时,井壁的稳定性将受到软弱面的影响而明显降低;斜井条件下,井壁失 的位置和失稳的程度与软弱面的产状密切相关;直井条件下,井壁垮塌的方位将可能偏离原地最小水平主应力的方位,而主要取决于岩石软弱面的倾角和倾斜方位角。     

A modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence

Through the analysis and comparison of shortcomings and advantages of existing technologies on object modeling in 3D applications,we propose a new modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence to model irregular objects efficiently in 3D application.In 3D scene,this method can get better visual effect by tracking the viewer’s real-time perspective position and projecting the photos from different perspectives dynamically.The philosophy of design,the steps of development and some other relevant topics are discussed in details,and the validity of the algorithm is analyzed.The results demonstrate that this method represents more superiority on simulating irregular objects by applying it to the modeling of virtual museum.     

特征光斑单目视觉空间定位方法

为了满足地面试验中运动目标位姿参数视觉测量系统的研制需求,基于单目视觉原理设计了大视场条件下实际平面上特征光斑的精确空间定位方法.建立了特征光斑的成像模型,给出了实际平面对特征光斑空间位置的约束,进而提出了特征光斑的单目视觉空间定位方法,并依据实际平面的特点设计了高阶曲面型、分块平面型和分块曲面型等三种类型实际平面上特...     

增强现实技术在建筑设计仿真中的应用

基于虚拟现实技术的建筑设计仿真技术,在仿真时需对建筑设计本身及周边环境进行大量建模,并且周边环境的模型与真实环境相比存在失真。本文提出基于增强现实技术的建筑设计仿真技术,通过增强现实技术中的真实对象位置姿态跟踪技术及虚实融合技术,将建筑设计三维模型在真实世界中注册,并与真实的建筑周边环境融合。实验结果表明,该方法在技术上可行,并能有效避免建筑设计仿真过程中对周边环境的建模,同时保证在仿真结果中周边环境的真实性,有利于设计师对建筑设计方案做出更合理的评估。     

3D integrated modeling approach to geo-engineering objects of hydraulic and hydroelectric projects

Aiming at 3D modeling and analyzing problems of hydraulic and hydroelectric en-gineering geology,a complete scheme of solution is presented. The first basis was NURBS-TIN-BRep hybrid data structure. Then,according to the classified thought of the object-oriented technique,the different 3D models of geological and engi-neering objects were realized based on the data structure,including terrain class,strata class,fault class,and limit class;and the modeling mechanism was alterna-tive. Finally,the 3D integrated model was established by Boolean operations be-tween 3D geological objects and engineering objects. On the basis of the 3D model,a series of applied analysis techniques of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering geology were illustrated. They include the visual modeling of rock-mass quality classification,the arbitrary slicing analysis of the 3D model,the geological analysis of the dam,and underground engineering. They provide powerful theoretical prin-ciples and technical measures for analyzing the geological problems encountered in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering under complex geological conditions.