梅花鹿鹿角脱盘提取物抗疲劳作用研究

目的:探讨梅花鹿鹿角脱盘提取物的抗疲劳作用。方法:选用雄性小鼠分为3个剂量组和空白对照组,灌胃给药不同剂量的梅花鹿鹿角脱盘提取物30 d后,测定小鼠力竭游泳时间、血乳酸含量、肝糖原储备以及血清尿素氮等指标。结果:与对照组比较,实验组小鼠负重游泳时间延长,血乳酸水平降低,肝糖原和血清尿素氮含量与空白组无明显差异。结论:梅花鹿鹿角脱盘提取物具有抗疲劳的作用。     

迎玺牌“硬是好”酒对小鼠的抗疲劳作用

目的:研究迎玺牌"硬是好"酒对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法:将120只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为4组,灌胃15d后称量小鼠体重,分别检测小鼠力竭游泳时间,运动后血清尿素氮、全血乳酸以及肝、肌糖原含量。结果:迎玺牌"硬是好"酒对小鼠的体重增长无明显影响,但迎玺牌"硬是好"酒明显延长小鼠力竭游泳时间,降低运动后血清尿素氮和血乳酸浓度,升高肝糖原和肌糖原含量,与阴性对照组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:迎玺牌"硬是好"酒对小鼠有明显的抗疲劳作用。     

添加酪蛋白水解肽乳粉的抗疲劳作用研究

目的:通过动物实验评价添加酪蛋白水解肽乳粉的抗疲劳功能。方法:对健康雄性BALB/c小鼠连续28d灌胃受试物,然后通过小鼠负重游泳实验以及血尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原等疲劳指标的测定,评价酪蛋白水解肽及其配方乳粉的抗疲劳作用。结论:酪蛋白水解肽和添加酪蛋白水解肽的乳粉使小鼠游泳时间延长,使血乳酸、尿素氮含量降低,提高肝糖原含量,显示出一定的抗疲劳作用,延缓疲劳的产生。     

玉米肽抗疲劳作用的实验研究

目的:为了开发、利用玉米肽资源、对玉米肽进行了抗疲劳作用研究。方法:进行玉米肽对小鼠游泳时间、小鼠爬杆时间、血乳酸、血中尿素氮、肝糖原含量和肌糖原含量等的影响实验。结果:玉米肽能增强小鼠游泳耐力、延长爬杆时间,降低血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量,提高肝糖原含量和肌糖原含量。结论:玉米肽具有抗疲劳作用。     

核桃肽对小鼠的抗疲劳作用

目的:探讨核桃肽对雄性小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法:采用SPF级雄性ICR小鼠240只按体重随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、乳清蛋白组[220mg/(kg·BW)]和3个核桃肽干预组[110、220、440mg/(kg·BW)]。每日经饮水给予受试样品30d,进行负重游泳实验测定各组小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,采用全自动生化仪测定各组小鼠血清尿素氮含量和乳酸脱氢酶活力,采用紫外分光光度计法检测各组小鼠血乳酸水平,采用试剂盒检测各组小鼠肝、肌糖原含量。结果:核桃肽可提高乳酸脱氢酶活性,降低血乳酸和血清尿素氮含量,提高肌糖原储备量,显著延长负重游泳时间。结论:核桃肽具备一定的缓解疲劳的作用。     

高山红景天提取物抗疲劳作用研究

将小鼠分为正常对照组和红景天提取物低、中、高剂量组治疗组,连续灌胃28 d.进行小鼠负重游泳试验,测定血乳酸含量、血清尿素氮含量、肝糖原含量.实验结果表明,红景天提取物能显著延长小鼠力竭游泳时间,增加肝糖原的含量,降低血乳酸与血清尿素氮的含量.红景天提取物具有抗疲劳作用.     

玉米肽抗疲劳作用的实验研究

为了开发、利用玉米肽资源、对玉米肽进行了抗疲劳作用研究。进行玉米肽对小鼠游泳时间、小鼠爬杆时间、血乳酸、血中尿素氮、肝糖原含量和肌糖原含量等的影响实验。结果表明，玉米肽能增强小鼠游泳耐力、延长爬杆时间，降低血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量，提高肝糖原含量和肌糖原含量。玉米肽具有抗疲劳作用。为玉米肽的开发和应用提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

玉米肽抗疲劳作用的实验研究

为了开发、利用玉米肽资源 ,对玉米肽进行了抗疲劳作用研究。进行玉米肽对小鼠游泳时间、小鼠爬杆时间、血乳酸、血中尿素氮、肝糖原含量和肌糖原含量等的影响实验。研究表明 ,玉米肽能增强小鼠游泳耐力、延长爬杆时间 ,降低血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量 ,提高肝糖原含量和肌糖原含量     

海参肽对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

通过采用不同浓度的海参肽灌胃,研究海参肽对小鼠的抗疲劳作用.结果发现,海参肽对小鼠体重无显著影响,能明显延长小鼠的负重游泳时间和转棒时间,显著降低运动后小鼠的血尿素氮含量,提高了肝糖原含量.研究表明：海参肽具有明显的抗疲劳功效.     

花生肽对小鼠的抗疲劳作用研究

目的:探讨花生肽对ICR小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法:采用SPF级雄性ICR小鼠80只按体重随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组、3个花生肽干预组(250、500、1000 mg/kg BW)。每日经口灌胃给予受试样品水溶液,干预周期为30 d,干预结束后进行负重游泳试验,并对各组小鼠负重游泳力竭时间进行记录,同时对其血糖水平、血清尿素氮含量及乳酸脱氢酶活力进行测定,并检测各组小鼠血乳酸水平,检测各组小鼠肝、肌糖原含量,并测定小鼠血清生化指标,同时测定小鼠心肌、肝脏及腓肠肌氧化应激和脂质过氧化指标水平。结果:与空白对照组相比,花生肽可显著延长小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,并提高其乳酸脱氢酶活性,降低运动后小鼠血乳酸含量,加强肌糖原储备,提高心肌SOD活力。结论:花生肽具备一定的抗疲劳作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.