填充聚乙二醇包覆硅灰石对聚丙烯性能的影响

聚丙烯(PP)低劣的冲击和低温性能影响了这类通用塑料的工程化和功能化。本工作用聚乙二醇(PEG)包覆硅灰石,有效地提高了填充PP的缺口冲击强度和低温性能。同时讨论了PEG用量和分子量对填充PP的性能和断面形貌、PP的结晶形态的影响。     

聚氨酯改性E-51/MeTHPA的工艺与性能

本体法制备了聚氨酯接枝及互穿网络改性环氧树脂,研究了酸酐为固化剂的条件下,制备工艺及聚合物结构对聚氨酯(PU)改性E-51环氧树脂(EP)性能的影响。实验确定了异氰酸酯的官能度、聚丙二醇(PPG)的分子量及聚氨酯预聚体含量等对改性产物冲击强度、微观形貌及热性能的影响。结果表明,改性材料冲击强度随PPG分子量的增高而增大;互穿网络(IPN)结构改性E-51的抗冲击性能优于接枝改性,冲击断裂面上阻碍裂纹发展的点明显多于后者;支化PU改性E-51热稳定性高于线形PU改性,280℃热失重接近未改性环氧树脂。     

接枝微粒PGMA/Al2O3对环氧树脂电子灌封材料的增强增韧作用

采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯对Al2O3颗粒进行接枝改性,制备了接枝微粒,考察了PGMA/Al2O3对环氧电子灌封材料力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜观察了环氧灌封材料经PGMA/Al2O3填充前后的冲击断面的形貌变化。研究结果表明,经接枝改性后,接枝微粒PGMA/Al2O3对环氧灌封材料的力学性能起到了明显的改善作用:PGMA/Al2O3对环氧灌封料的增韧效果明显优于未改性的Al2O3,且随PGMA/Al2O3填充量的增大,冲击韧性先增大后减小,在填充量较小(0.7%)时,冲击韧性最大;屈服强度也随PGMA/Al2O3的加入出现一最佳值;并随接枝微粒PGMA/Al2O3的接枝率的增加,其冲击韧性和屈服强度明显增大。     

PVDF/PMMA/PEG型聚合物隔膜的制备

为提高锂离子电池聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基聚合物隔膜对电解液体系的亲和性和导电性,引入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)进行共混,并添加有机增塑剂聚乙二醇PEG-400对PVDF基聚合物隔膜进行改性研究。采用先干法后湿法的相转化方法制备PVDF/PMMA/PEG型聚合物隔膜。通过对制备的聚合物隔膜的孔隙率、吸液率、微观形貌和电化学性能的分析研究,确定制膜的最佳工艺条件为聚合物占溶剂质量百分比为8%,PVDF∶PMMA=7∶3,增塑剂含量为30%,非溶剂含量为3%,反应温度为45℃,在此最佳工艺条件下制备的PVDF/PMMA/PEG隔膜的离子电导率可达2.848 m S/cm,对电解液体系的亲和性和导电性得到显著提高。     

改性环氧树脂对芳纶纤维增强天然橡胶性能的影响

采用聚丁二烯改性环氧丙烯酸酯(改性环氧树脂)与马来酸酐化低分子量聚丁二烯橡胶(MLPB)均匀涂覆在热处理后的芳纶纤维(AF)表面,使其完全浸润,再将混合物与天然橡胶(NR)制备成母炼胶。探究了改性环氧树脂含量对纤维增强NR复合材料综合性能影响。通过对硫化性质和力学性能分析,改性环氧树脂质量含量为0.1份时,NR复合材料综合性能最佳。胶料的流变性能和拉伸断面形貌分析表明,改性环氧树脂预处理芳纶,改善纤维与基体的粘结,减弱了Payne效应,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

为利用玻璃纤维提高木塑复合材料的综合性能,探讨玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响规律,首先,采用A-171硅烷偶联剂对竹粉表面进行了改性,并加入了一定量的玻璃纤维;然后,采用热压成型工艺制备了玻璃纤维-竹粉/HDPE复合材料;最后,考察了玻璃纤维含量对复合材料力学性能、热学性能及摩擦学性能的影响,并利用SEM观察材料的断面和磨损表面形貌。结果表明:当玻璃纤维含量为3wt%时,能显著提高竹粉/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,与未添加玻璃纤维的复合材料相比,添加玻璃纤维后复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了19.41%和23.54%;在30~60℃温度范围内,复合材料长度-宽度方向上的线膨胀系数随着玻璃纤维含量的增加而明显减小,而同一复合材料的线膨胀系数随温度的升高而逐步增大;在氮气气氛下,随玻璃纤维含量的增加,竹粉/HDPE复合材料的摩擦系数先逐渐增大,而后基本保持不变,磨损率逐渐减小。所得结论显示玻璃纤维含量为3wt%~7wt%的木塑产品适用于建筑横梁(如凉亭或桥梁等),而玻璃纤维含量为7wt%~10wt%的木塑产品适用于高人流量场所(如公园或休闲绿道等)的地面铺装。      

环氧封端硅氧烷改性环氧树脂的制备及性能研究

采用环氧封端硅氧烷低聚物为改性剂,通过与双酚A型环氧树脂共混制得改性环氧树脂固化体系。通过测定改性固化物的热学性能、力学性能和原子氧剥蚀性能,并利用扫描电镜对冲击断裂面和原子氧辐照前后表面的形态进行分析,系统探讨了环氧封端硅氧烷低聚物对改性环氧树脂性能的影响。结果表明,采用环氧封端硅氧烷低聚物改性后,固化体系的耐热性、韧性和耐原子氧剥蚀性能均有提高:与未改性环氧树脂相比,改性剂含量30%时,10%热失重温度提高了23℃,弯曲强度、冲击强度分别由82.0kJ/m~2、8.7kJ/m~2提高到93.4kJ/m~2、33.4kJ/m~2,经累积通量1.2×1020 atoms/cm~2原子氧辐照后质量损失仅为未改性环氧树脂的20%。     

基于酚醛三元聚合体系的固化行为及性能

以环氧豆油(ESO)醚化接枝改性酚醛树脂,而后以剩余酚羟基为酚源在树脂结构中引入苯并口恶嗪环,合成了一种具有优异韧性和热稳定性的环氧大豆油、苯并口恶嗪及酚醛三元共聚树脂(ESO-PA-PF)。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了改性树脂的分子结构,以差示扫描量热法(DSC)对改性树脂的固化行为进行了分析,阐述了各组分对树脂固化行为的影响机理。热重分析法(TG)对热稳定性的分析表明,改性树脂的热稳定性较酚醛树脂及环氧豆油改性酚醛树脂有很大程度提高。共聚改性树脂具有较高的冲击韧性及弯曲强度,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了改性酚醛树脂样品冲击断面的微观形貌,并对树脂的增韧机理进行了探讨。     

基于酚醛三元聚合体系的固化行为及性能EI北大核心

以环氧豆油(ESO)醚化接枝改性酚醛树脂,而后以剩余酚羟基为酚源在树脂结构中引入苯并口恶嗪环,合成了一种具有优异韧性和热稳定性的环氧大豆油、苯并口恶嗪及酚醛三元共聚树脂(ESO-PA-PF)。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了改性树脂的分子结构,以差示扫描量热法(DSC)对改性树脂的固化行为进行了分析,阐述了各组分对树脂固化行为的影响机理。热重分析法(TG)对热稳定性的分析表明,改性树脂的热稳定性较酚醛树脂及环氧豆油改性酚醛树脂有很大程度提高。共聚改性树脂具有较高的冲击韧性及弯曲强度,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了改性酚醛树脂样品冲击断面的微观形貌,并对树脂的增韧机理进行了探讨。     

碱性EP_b-POSS增韧E-51/DDS环氧树脂的研究

以KH560在碱性条件下水解缩合制备的环氧基倍半硅氧烷(EPb-POSS)为改性剂,对双酚A型环氧树脂(E-51)/4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)进行改性,制备EPb-POSS/E-51/DDS改性树脂体系,研究该树脂体系的固化工艺和不同含量的EPb-POSS对改性树脂体系力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,EPb-POSS对改性树脂的固化工艺及其刚性影响不大,但是能显著提高其韧性。POSS含量为1.0%(质量分数)时,改性树脂的冲击强度达到49.2kJ·m2,提高了90.0%,并表现为明显的韧性断裂;弯曲强度132.8MPa,略有提高;初始分解温度378.0℃,提高了26.0℃。     

Simultaneously Enhanced Cryogenic Tensile Strength,Ductility and Impact Resistance of Epoxy Resins by Polyethylene Glycol简

Rubbers have been well accepted for modifying brittle epoxies but rubber modified epoxies usually posses lowered tensile strength though enhanced ductility and fracture resistance. In this work, a polyethylene glycol （PEG-4000） is used to modify diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride system for enhancing cryogenic tensile strength, ductility and impact resistance. The results display that the cryogenic tensile strength, ductility （failure strain） and fracture resistance （impact strength） are all enhanced for the modified epoxy system at proper PEG contents. The maximum tensile strength （127.8 MPa） at the cryogenic temperature （77 K） with an improvement of 30.1% is observed for the modified system with the 15 wt% PEG content. The ductility and impact resistance at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature are all improved for the modified epoxy system with proper PEG-4000 contents. These observations are explained by the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy results and scanning electron microscopy results. Moreover, the glass transition temperature decreases slightly with increasing PEG content.     

含侧环氧基硅油复合改性环氧树脂的研究

采用侧基环氧化硅油(ES)及其改性物(PSA)来复合改性双酚A型环氧树脂(EP).通过测定复合改性固化物的冲击强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和玻璃化转变温度(Tg),扫描电子显微镜对改性固化物的断裂面形态分析等,系统探讨了复合改性方法、有机硅组成及其含量等对复合改性材料性能的影响.结果表明,采用ES和PSA复合改性EP后,其韧性和耐热性均有不同程度的提高,且以环氧值高的ES和PSA的改性效果更好.其中环氧树脂经10份ES-16或10份PSA-16改性后,Tg由未改性的156.73℃提高到177.35℃,比改性前提高了近20.62℃,均达到了很好的增韧和提高耐热性的效果,符合电子封装等高性能材料的改性要求.     

聚乙二醇改性环氧乳液碳纤维上浆剂的研制

用聚乙二醇(PEG)在催化剂过硫酸钾作用下与环氧树脂反应, 制得自乳化环氧树脂乳液。通过红外光谱表征改性环氧的结构, 并比较不同实验方案下乳液的稳定性, 探讨了反应原料、合成工艺等因素对实验结果的影响, 确定了最佳实验方案; 用热分析实验表征上浆剂的热稳定性, 接触角测试表征上浆剂乳液的浸润性, 单丝碎裂实验测定界面剪切强度。结果表明, 使用双酚A环氧树脂及PEG1000在80~120 ℃反应制得的乳液稳定性最好, 上浆剂的热稳定性和浸润性良好。用实验制得的乳液对碳纤维上浆, 单丝界面剪切强度比上浆前提高33.48%, 碳纤维毛丝量减少。      

聚醚醚酮增韧改性环氧树脂

采用共混法用聚醚醚酮(PEEK)改性环氧树脂(EP),借助差示扫描量热分析(DSC)确定了环氧树脂的固化工艺,测试了共混体系的工艺性能,研究了聚醚醚酮含量对环氧树脂力学性能的影响.借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料断裂面的形态结构进行了分析,探讨了体系的形态结构与冲击性能之间的关系.结果表明,在改性材料的韧性有所提高的同时,压缩强度、马丁耐热都没有降低.从断裂面的形态来看,是属于韧性断裂.当PEEK的加入量为6%时,韧性最好,达到19.1 kJ/m2,比纯的环氧树脂增加了107.6%.     

Mode I interlaminar fracture behavior and mechanical properties of CFRPs with nanoclay-filled epoxy matrix

The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of nanocomposites and carbon fiber composites (CFRPs) containing organoclay in the epoxy matrix have been investigated. Morphological studies using TEM and XRD revealed that the clay particles within the epoxy resin were intercalated or orderly exfoliated. The organoclay brought about a significant improvement in flexural modulus, especially in the first few wt% of loading, and the improvement of flexural modulus was at the expense of a reduction in flexural strength. The quasi-static fracture toughness increased, whereas the impact fracture toughness dropped sharply with increasing the clay content.Flexural properties of CFRPs containing organoclay modified epoxy matrix generally followed the trend similar to the epoxy nanocomposite although the variation was much smaller for the CFRPs. Both the initiation and propagation values of mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP composites increased with increasing clay concentration. In particular, the propagation fracture toughness almost doubled with 7 wt% clay loading. A strong correlation was established between the fracture toughness of organoclay-modified epoxy matrix and the CFRP composite interlaminar fracture toughness.     

聚醚醚酮增韧改性环氧树脂

采用共混法用聚醚醚酮(PEEK)改性环氧树脂(EP),借助差示扫描量热分析(DSC)确定了环氧树脂的固化工艺,测试了共混体系的工艺性能,研究了聚醚醚酮含量对环氧树脂力学性能的影响。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料断裂面的形态结构进行了分析,探讨了体系的形态结构与冲击性能之间的关系。结果表明,在改性材料的韧性有所提高的同时,压缩强度、马丁耐热都没有降低。从断裂面的形态来看,是属于韧性断裂。当PEEK的加入量为6%时,韧性最好,达到19．1kJ/m~2,比纯的环氧树脂增加了107．6%。     

Toughening of Epoxy Resin with Solid Amine Terminated Poly （ethylene glycol） Benzoate and Effect of Red Mud Waste Particles

An investigation was carried out to modify the toughness of triethylene tetramine cured DGEBA （diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A） resin using solid amine terminated poly （ethylene glycol） benzoate （ATPEGB） as modifier with and without red mud waste particles. The solid ATPEGB modifier synthesized from the acid catalyzed esterification reaction of poly （ethylene glycol） （PEG） and 4-amino benzoic acid was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and ^1H-NMR （nuclear magnetic resonance） spectroscopies, viscosity measurements, and solubility parameter calculation. The unfilled and red mud waste filled modified epoxy networks were evaluated with impact, adhesive, tensile, flexural and thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, thermogravimetric （TG） and dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA）. The effect of modifier concentration and red mud waste particles on toughening behavior was also investigated. The optimum properties were obtained at 12.5 phr （parts per hundred parts of resin） concentration of the modifier. The ATPEGB modified cured epoxy was thermally stable up to 315℃. The morphology on fracture surfaces of cured epoxy was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）.     

Experimental fracture investigation of CNT/epoxy nanocomposite under mixed mode II/III loading conditions

For the first time, the brittle fracture of epoxy‐based nanocomposite reinforced with MWCNTs (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes) and subjected to mixed mode II/III loading conditions is investigated. This experimental investigation is carried out using a newly developed test configuration. Araldite LY 5052 epoxy, which is a resin frequently used in aerospace industry, is utilized to fabricate pure epoxy and nanocomposite test specimens with two different MWCNTs contents of 0.1 and 0.5 wt%. The obtained experimental results reveal that adding MWCNTs to epoxy resin up to 0.5 wt% improves the fracture toughness under pure mode II and pure mode III loading with an increasing trend. This is while the improvement under mixed mode II/III loading is reduced by adding nanotubes more than 0.1 wt%. To justify the variations of fracture toughness in terms of nanoparticles content, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) photographs of the fracture surfaces of the specimens in the vicinity of the initial crack front are prepared. Additional fracture mechanisms caused by adding carbon nanotubes are discussed in detail based on the provided SEM images.     

基于第一抗热震因子的BN纳米管/Si_3N_4复合材料抗热震性能评价

利用Kingery抗热震断裂理论构建了BN纳米管(BNNTs)强韧化陶瓷复合材料的第一抗热震因子模型,通过真空热压烧结法制备了四组BNNTs含量分别为0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%和2.0wt%的BNNTs/Si_3N_4复合材料,并采用水浴淬冷法和三点弯曲法测试了复合材料的抗热震性能(震后弯曲强度和临界热震断裂温差)。测试结果验证了在急剧加热和急剧冷却条件下第一抗热震因子模型的正确性。结果表明:添加BNNTs使BNNTs/Si_3N_4复合材料第一抗热震因子增大,抗热震性能提升。分布在晶界上的BNNTs起到裂纹钉扎、桥联和裂纹偏转作用,增加了裂纹扩展的阻力;纳米管孔隙的存在改变了裂纹扩展路径,提高了BNNTs/Si_3N_4的断裂韧度,从而有效提高了其抗热震断裂能力。     

Improved fracture toughness and fatigue life of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite due to incorporation of rubber nanoparticles

In this study, core–shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles with approximate particle size of 35 nm were used as a modifier for the epoxy polymer. The effects of various CSR contents in the epoxy matrix on mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, tensile strength, and fatigue life of the carbon fabric reinforced epoxy (CF/EP) composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness at crack initiation and propagation significantly improved by 71.21 and 58.47 %, respectively, when 8.0 wt% CSR was dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The fatigue life of the modified CF/EP composites at all of CSR contents dramatically increased 75–100 times longer than that of the unmodified CF/EP composites at high cycle fatigue while tensile strength slightly increased by about 10 %. Field emission scanning electron microcopy (FESEM) observations of the fracture surfaces were conducted to explain failure mechanisms of CSR addition to the CF/EP composites. The evidences of the rubber nanoparticle debonding, plastic void growth, and microshear banding were credited for delaying the onset of matrix crack, and reducing the crack growth rate, as a result, attributed to increase in the mechanical properties of the CF/EP composites.