浅议化学工程学科未来的发展动态

本文通过对在化学工程领域的一些研究问题及研究进展进行分析，并且对超临界化学反应技术、分离技术以及传热过程等进行了分析研究，要对化学工程技术中的过程、设备、研究对象、研究方法和手段等这些研究的重点方面发生了深刻的改变，化学工程技术将更加注重多学科的融合，并以约能源、提高环境保护水平为最终目标。     

浅谈岩矿测试技术的现状与趋势

本文就岩矿测试技术的当前情况以及其发展趋势进行了一系列探讨。首先是对岩矿测试技术的意义以及特点等进行了简单的，描述，然后指出了岩矿测试技术的一些相关步骤，继而从宏观、微观并结合古代的研究对当前的岩矿测试技术进行了分析，最后总结了一下岩矿测试技术的发展趋势。     

论暖通空调的节能技术

本文对暖通空调的节能技术进行了细致的分析，主要介绍了建筑设备中暖通专业的节能技术措施，主要包括非电驱动制冷技术、蓄能技术、热泵技术及热回收技术等。     

微结构传感器的激光制造技术研究进展

微结构传感器是具有以微尺度结构作为敏感单元，能将外界物理、化学、生物信号转化为电信号的传感器，已广泛应用于智能机器人、健康监控、虚拟电子等领域。目前，微结构传感器的制造方法主要有激光制造技术、MEMS技术和3D打印技术等。激光制造技术是将高能光子束聚焦到被加工物上，使激光与物质相互作用的一种绿色加工方法，主要包括激光烧蚀、激光直写、激光诱导和激光-倒模复合加工等，具有非接触式加工、无掩膜版、可定制化制造等优势，通过优化激光加工工艺参数，可以实现不同尺寸和形状微结构的高效低成本制造。本文对微结构的类型、功能及制造技术进行了概述，同时对激光制造技术制备的微结构传感器进行了归纳分类，详细分析了生物电传感器、温度传感器以及压力传感器的制造技术及应用，最后对微结构传感器激光制造技术的发展趋势进行了总结与展望。     

声全息技术的研究现状与展望

简单地回顾了全息术的基本原理,全息术的应用范围及发展历史。对声全息技术进行了分类，并对各类声全息技术的特点进行了评述，就近场声全息技术（NAH）中常用的各类重建计算方法及适用范围、声全息数据的各类采集方法、特点及声全息成像的分辨率、各类声场全息图像的表达方法等问题的研究现状进行了详尽的分析，并重点分析了基于声压测量的近场声全息技术和基于声强测量的近场声全息技术（BAHIM）的研究现状，从而指出了这两种近场声全息技术有待进一步深入研究的问题，并对NAH及BAHIM技术发展前景进行了展望。     

房建施工中的后浇带施工技术

后浇带是房建施工中应用较多的一种技术措施，可以有效解决钢筋混凝土结构由于温度、伸缩不均等构成的有害裂缝，但由于施工技术等原因，在施工完毕后经过会出现一些问题。本文对房建施工中的后浇带施工技术进行了较为详尽的阐述，并对其施工要点进行了具有针对性的论述。     

固体绝缘技术在环网柜中的应用探讨

针对空气绝缘技术、气体绝缘等绝缘技术的优缺点进行了分析，阐述了固体绝缘技术的特点和应用前景，提出固体绝缘技术在应用中出现的问题和解决措施，并对固体绝缘环网柜的实际运行情况进行了检验测试，体现了良好的运行可靠性。     

仪表自动化技术在化工安全生产中的应用

化工生产过程存在易燃、易爆、有毒、有害等危险特性，风险很大。通过自动化控制技术，对液位、压力、温度等参数进行自动化技术控制，能达到自动报警、联锁、切断等功能，提高了化工生产的安全指数。本文简要介绍了自动化控制技术，并主要针对仪表自动化技术在智能化和网络化方面的应用进行阐述。     

关于计算机入侵检测技术问题的探讨

对入侵检测技术的相关问题进行了探讨，首先对机房信息安全进行基本概述，接着对入侵检测技术从基本情况及缺陷等角度进行探讨，随后论述入侵检测技术的发展前景。     

工业自动化仪表的使用事项探讨

随我国工业自动化仪表的发展得益于计算机技术、数字信号处理技术、网络通信技术、超导技术等新技的推动，工业自动化仪表通过对获取信息进行变换、存储、传输等处理，分析其性质，将其传输给控制系统，实现对工业生产过程自动控制，工业自动化仪表常见的有分析仪表、测温仪表、记录仪表以及控制仪表等，当前工业自动化仪表趋向于智能化、虚拟化、网络化、数字化发，而且工业自动化仪表的发展与经济发展、国家政策发展息息相关，当前我国提出低碳经济和节能减排，新能源如核电、风电等对工业自动化仪表性能提出了更高的要求，但是我国工作人员缺乏新型仪表的实际操作经验，导致新型仪表的推广受到了限制，本文主要针对我国工业自动化仪表的发展现状进行了全面的分析，深入探讨了新型智能仪表的使用经验以及注意事项，期望对广大工作者有所帮助。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.