升温速率对煤沥青热解缩聚的影响

用TGA对煤沥青的热失重过程进行了研究，分析了煤沥青的热解缩聚特征，并对中温沥青和改质沥青热解缩聚行为进行了比较，研究了升温速率对煤沥青热解缩聚的影响，发现快速升温使煤沥青组份更多地分解逸出，不利于提高煤沥青的结焦值。     

浸后铝用阳极焙烧热解行为研究

采用Coats-Redfern近似的热解动力学分析模型,对浸后阳极进行了热重分析,比较三种升温速度下试样的失重特点。结果表明,浸后阳极失重过程分为三个阶段,降低升温速度可使沥青热解反应提前开始,并提前结束,减少热分解量,降低最大失重速率,提高残炭率。在沥青热解反应第二阶段适当降低升温速度,确保热解反应充分完成,有助于提高浸后焙烧后阳极的增重率以及各项物化性能,而在热解反应的第一阶段(室温～200℃)以及第三阶段(550～750℃)可适当提高升温速度,以减少浸后焙烧周期,减少焙烧能耗。浸渍剂沥青的热解反应属于一级反应,随着升温速度的降低,活化能呈减少趋势,反应更加容易进行,反应更充分。     

高性能炭材料生产用煤沥青的研究

研究了软化点在评价煤沥青聚合程度中的作用；描述了热聚合改质过程中煤沥青热解缩聚行为，分析了中温煤沥青热聚合改质过程中各种沥青组分随热聚合温度和热聚合时间的转变规律，探讨了QI组分影响煤沥青热聚合改质的机理，认为原料煤沥青所含原生QI炭微粒促进了热聚合改质过程中煤沥青芳烃分子的聚合；描述了煤沥青的流变性能及其在炭材料实际生产中的意义，研究了中温沥青和改质沥青高温流变性能的差异，探讨了硬脂酸和油酸对煤沥青的改性作用；分析了煤沥青的热解缩聚特征，研究了升温速率对煤沥青热解缩聚的影响。     

利用热重-红外联用对生物质热解特性研究

采用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用技术研究不同升温速率对生物质热解特性影响。以氮气为载气,在室温和600℃区间,以3种升温速率(10,30,50℃/min)对生物质试样(麦秆)进行热解实验,确定了生物质起始分解温度,热解失重主要发生在快速热解阶段,升温速率越高,热解起始温度和失重速率越大;热解气体通过FTIR分析结果表明,热解初始阶段的气态产物主要是水蒸气和少量的CO及CO2,随着温度的升高,热解的主要气态产物变为CO、CO2、CH4以及小分子烃类。     

馏程不同的两种煤沥青的缩聚沥青的热解行为研究

用热重法（TG）、微商热重法（DTG）研究了馏程不同的两种煤沥青的缩聚沥青的不同升温速率的热解行为。分析了影响两种缩聚沥青热解行为不同的原因。     

利用热重-红外联用对生物质热解特性研究

采用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用技术研究不同升温速率对生物质热解特性影响。以氮气为载气,在室温和600℃区间,以3种升温速率(10,30,50℃/min)对生物质试样(麦秆)进行热解实验,确定了生物质起始分解温度,热解失重主要发生在快速热解阶段,升温速率越高,热解起始温度和失重速率越大;热解气体通过FTIR分析结果表明,热解初始阶段的气态产物主要是水蒸气和少量的CO及CO2,随着温度的升高,热解的主要气态产物变为CO、CO2、CH4以及小分子烃类。     

木质素慢速热解机理

利用热重考察了不同升温速率下木质素的热解特性,结合红外光谱对木质素热解的不同阶段生成的半焦的表征结果,分析了木质素在慢速升温条件下的热裂解机理,表明:木质素的热解是一个旧键断裂挥发、新键重组的过程。热解过程随着反应时间的推移依次分为水分挥发、支链断裂重组或挥发和芳环缩聚成碳3个阶段。采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方法,根据不同升温速率下测得的失重速率变化求算后两个阶段的活化能,结果分别为64 kJ·mol^-1和132 kJ·mol^-1,进一步证明了木质素热解的分段特征,并表明芳环缩聚成碳所需活化能远大于与苯环相连的支链断裂所需的能量。     

煤化程度和升温速率对热分解影响的研究

采用非等温热重法考察了我国八种煤的热解过程。研究表明,煤热解过程分为三个阶段,其中第二阶段为热解的主要区间,温度范围为２５０℃￣３２０℃,占总失重的７０％￣８０％,随煤化程度的提高,初始热解温度从３００℃增加到４６０℃,随升温速率的提高,热重积分曲线向高温区偏移,煤样热解的最大失重速率温度随之提高,最终失重是由煤化程度和热解的终温决定,升温速率对其没有影响。     

升温速率对聚丙烯腈薄膜热解影响及动力学研究

用非等温热重法分析了聚丙烯腈薄膜的热解过程，探讨了升温速率对聚丙烯腈薄膜热重曲线和失重速率峰值的影响。结果表明，聚丙烯腈薄膜热解过程分为三个阶段：脱水和溶剂挥发阶段；分解阶段(发生了环化、交联、链断裂反应)；深化交联阶段。其中第二阶段为热解的主要区间，温度范围为390～480℃，占总失重的80％～90％。同时研究了试样在该温度区间的热解反应动力学，并对其动力学参数进行了讨论。     

废弃碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的热解特性及动力学研究

采用热重分析仪对废弃碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(CF/EP复合材料),分别在升温速率为6. 67℃·min~(-1)、10℃·min~(-1)和13. 33℃·min~(-1)下进行热解,考察了不同气氛及不同升温速率对CF/EP复合材料热解的影响。结果表明:升温速率和反应气氛对废弃CF/EP复合材料热解过程及特性有重要影响;废弃CF/EP复合材料在氮气氛下热解反应速率较快阶段只有一个阶段,为第一失重阶段,且为一级反应模式。废弃CF/EP复合材料在空气氛下的热解反应速率较快阶段有两个阶段,第一失重阶段为二级反应模式,第二失重阶段为0. 5级反应模式;空气氛下热解第一失重阶段在相同分解温度下与氮气氛下热解反应机理不同;提高升温速率可显著增加废弃CF/EP复合材料热解的表观活化能和指前因子;经外推法可知,氮气氛表观活化能为55. 84 kJ·mol~(-1),空气氛第一失重阶段表观活化能为39. 24 kJ·mol~(-1),第二失重阶段表观活化能为-8. 62 kJ·mol~(-1)。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。