全片层组织TiAl–Nb合金的高温氧化行为及氧化层结构表征

以Ti-42Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.1Y(at%)合金为研究对象,通过热处理获得全片层组织,片层团尺寸约为85μm,在900℃空气条件下,对合金进行了100 h的抗氧化实验,主要研究了该Ti Al-Nb合金的高温抗氧化行为,并对氧化层的结构、成分及形成过程进行了深入分析。利用OM、SEM、XPS、XRD、和EDS对试样的微观结构、相组成及微区成分进行表征。结果表明:在900℃空气条件下,具有全片层组织的Ti Al-Nb合金,其恒温氧化动力学曲线符合近抛物线规律;长时氧化后,合金表面生成了结晶状颗粒氧化物,为Ti O2和A12O3的混合物;氧化层主要由外表面氧化层、中间过渡层和基体层构成,氧化膜完整厚度大约为6μm。由此可知,添加了合金元素且具有小尺寸片层团组织的Ti Al合金在900℃高温时,具有较好的抗氧化性能。     

具有不同大小片层团的Ti-Al-Nb-W-B-Y合金的等温氧化行为（英文）

以Ti-42.5Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.1Y(原子分数,%)合金为研究对象,通过热处理获得不同大小片层团的2种全片层显微组织,并在900℃空气条件下,进行了100 h的抗氧化性实验。利用OM、SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对试样的微观结构、相组成及微区成分进行了分析。恒温氧化动力学结果表明:在900℃空气条件下,具有2种不同大小全片层组织的Ti Al合金,其恒温氧化动力学曲线符合近抛物线规律,且大片层组织合金的抗氧化性能优于小片层组织。氧化100 h后,大片层组织的合金其氧化增重为6.45 g/m~2,小片层组织的合金的氧化增重为7.62 g/cm~2。对合金截面进行观察后发现,具有大小片层团2种合金表面氧化物的厚度分别为5和7μm。通过对氧化动力学曲线、组织结构、氧化膜结构、氧化表面形貌进行综合分析,2种合金组织结构的不同影响了O元素在基体中的扩散,而扩散速率的不同最终导致2种Ti Al合金表现出不同的氧化行为。     

TA2表面等离子渗铌合金层在700~900 ℃的氧化行为

采用双辉技术在TA2基体表面渗入铌形成结构致密、与基体形成冶金结合的钛铌合金层。结合XRD、SEM及EDS等手段分析渗铌和未渗铌TA2试样分别在700、800、900℃的高温氧化行为。实验结果表明:随着氧化温度的提高,氧化增重增加,渗铌比未渗铌的氧化增重降低,抗高温氧化性能改善,特别在900℃铌的作用明显;对渗铌和未渗铌TA2在900℃分别氧化20、40、100 h后氧化层的表面及截面进行分析,获得对合金层成分、结构、氧化性能之间关系的认识。钛铌合金层高温氧化后的氧化层是由三部分组成:外层是由高浓度合金层氧化而形成,其氧化产物主要是Nb2O5/TiO2,中间层主要由TiO2/TiO和Nb2O5组成,内层是分布着条状的富铌相。     

γ-TiAl表面NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层的高温氧化行为

采用磁控溅射和电弧离子镀技术在γ-TiAl合金表面制备NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层,研究了复合涂层对提高γ-TiAl合金抗高温氧化性能的作用机理。经950℃恒温氧化100 h后,涂层表面未发现裂纹和脱落,涂层试样氧化增重值较基体大幅减小。对氧化层进行了SEM、EDS和XRD分析,结果表明无保护涂层的基体γ-TiAl合金表层疏松多孔,无法抵抗高温环境下氧气对基体合金的侵蚀。复合涂层表面的NiCrAlY镀层在氧化过程中形成了Cr2O3,α-Al2O3和β-NiAl相组成的致密防护涂层,阻隔了氧气与基体的接触,中间的Al层为表层持续生成Al2O3提供了Al源。NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层显著提高了基体在950℃下的抗高温氧化性能。     

Ti45Al8.5Nb0.2W0.2B0.02Y合金热暴露组织及疲劳性能研究

在大气环境下,对Ti45Al8.5Nb0.2W0.2B0.02Y等温锻造合金分别在700℃进行1 000、3 000和5 000 h,900℃进行了100、500和1 000 h热暴露处理。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了热暴露对合金组织稳定性的影响,并进行了氧化性能和疲劳性能测试。结果发现,该合金等温锻造后为典型的双态组织,经过700℃×5 000 h和900℃×1 000 h热暴露处理后,在α_2+γ层片晶团内α_2层片通过α_2→γ相变发生了一定平行分解,使层片细化,有利于提高该合金的疲劳强度。在700℃和900℃条件下,初始氧化速度均较快,相对而言700℃抗氧化能力较好。热暴露处理后,合金的室温疲劳强度均较原始状态有所提高,疲劳行为相对比较稳定。     

Ti6Al7Nb和Ti6Al4V合金的热氧化行为

在600～900℃温度下,0.5～72 h时间范围内空气气氛下对Ti6Al7Nb进行热氧化,根据增重曲线计算其氧化动力学规律,利用XRD、XPS分析表面氧化层的相组成、成分和价态,并以Ti6Al4V合金做为比照.结果表明,Ti6Al7Nb合金较Ti6Al4V合金抗氧化能力更强.同等氧化条件下,Ti6Al7Nb合金的氧化速率常数(k)更小.对短时间(1 h)氧化的样品的表面分析显示:各合金元素均以最高价态或稳定价态存在,其中Al和V被富集,而Nb则贫化;另外,Ti6Al7Nb合金和Ti6Al4V合金氧化层主要由金红石型TiO2(R-TiO2)组成,Al2O3相仅出现在900 ℃Ti6Al4V合金样品中.     

Ti-Al-Nb三元合金组织对力学性能的影响

通过合金设计的方法分别制备了具有单相(γ-TiAl)组织的合金A、二相(γ-TiAl+α2-Ti3Al)层片组织的合金B和三相(γ-TiAl+α2-Ti3Al+Nb2Al)混合组织的合金C3种Ti-Al-Nb三元合金,通过XRD、EPMA以及SEM等手段确定了这3种合金的组织结构和分布形态,并对这3种合金进行了室温和1173K的拉伸试验。结果表明,合金的显微组织与其性能密切相关,室温下合金B的塑性变形能力好于另外两种合金,这主要是因为α2相的存在降低了合金平均晶粒尺寸,由γ和α2两相构成的层片组织结构以及大量的γ/α2相界面。温度升高可以显著改善合金B的塑性变形能力,合金B在1173K时的拉伸延性达到40.4%,并且断裂方式从室温时的穿晶脆性断裂向1173K时的韧性断裂方式转变,而合金A、C不管在室温还是1173K,都显示出穿晶脆性断裂方式。合金C在室温和高温都很脆,是由于Nb2Al相的出现,降低了(γ+α2)两相层片组织的连续程度。     

基于Ti1100合金的微量元素添加对合金抗氧化性能的影响

本文利用固溶体合金中的‘团簇加连接原子’模型解析了典型高温近α-Ti合金Ti1100的成分,其团簇成分式为[Al-(Ti13.7Zr0.3)](Al0.69Sn0.18Mo0.03Si0.12)。在此基础上,采用相似元素替代原则设计了微量元素Hf、Ta和Nb添加的系列合金成分,即 [Al-(Ti13.7Zr0.15Hf0.15)](Al0.69Sn0.18Si0.1(Mo/Ta/Nb)0.03)。对该系列合金进行950 ℃/1 h固溶+560 ℃/6 h时效处理,然后进行组织结构、硬度、抗高温氧化及电化学腐蚀性能测试。研究结果表明,Zr0.15Hf0.15合金与参比合金具有相同片层β转变组织,而在此基础上Ta和Nb的添加会使合金中产生大量等轴α组织;但组织的改变对系列合金的显微硬度影响不大,介于330-370 HV。650 ℃氧化100 h后系列合金均具有较强的抗氧化能力,氧化增重小于1.0 mg/cm2,而在800 ℃氧化100 h后,添加Hf、Ta、Nb元素的合金氧化增重明显低于Ti1100合金,氧化层厚度为25~27 μm,且氧化层致密,其中[Al-(Ti13.7Zr0.15Hf0.15)](Al0.69Sn0.18Si0.1Ta0.015Nb0.015)合金具有最优的抗高温氧化性能,800 ℃/100 h后的氧化增重仅为2.6 mg/cm2。此外,该系列合金在在3.5 %NaCl溶液中也具有较好的耐蚀性。     

TC4钛合金沉积NiCrAlY涂层的氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀（AIP）技术在TC4（Ti-6Al-4V）钛合金基体表面沉积制备NiCrAIY涂层,测定TC4钛合金和NiCrAIY涂层在700-900℃的氧化动力学曲线。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）分析与X射线衍射分析（XRD）研究TC4钛合金和NiCrAIY涂层氧化前后物相组成和组织形貌,讨论氧化过程中元素的扩散行为。结果表明：在700-900℃静态空气中氧化100h,NiCrAIY涂层能明显提高TC4钛合金的抗氧化性能,TC4钛合金氧化后形成A12O3层和TiO2层交替出现的氧化膜层;经700和800℃氧化后,NiCrAIY涂层保持其原始的相组成,但在表面形成Al2O3和Cr2O3混合氧化膜;经900℃氧化后,氧化膜由Al2O3和TiO2组成;经700℃氧化时,主要发生Ti和Ni两种元素的扩散;经800和900℃氧化时,由于Ti及Ni元素的剧烈扩散,界面附近出现Kirkendall疏孔带和约100μm的β相稳定区;经900℃氧化时,Ti扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物导致氧化速率提高,Cr元素开始向基体扩散并在近界面处富集。     

(Ni,Pd)Al涂层的高温氧化

在M38镍基高温合金上电镀Pd—20mass％Ni合金，采用低压固体粉末包埋渗铝方法制备钯改性铝化物涂层。XRD分析表明，涂层主要由β—(Ni，Pd)Al相组成。利用TGA、SEM等方法，研究了涂层在800℃～l100℃的初期高温氧化行为。结果表明，800℃、900℃和l100℃下，氧化动力学遵循抛物线规律，1000℃则不是；在800℃和900℃中等温度下，(Ni，Pd)Al涂层表面氧化产物除θ—Al2O3和α—Al2O3外，还含有少量的γ—Al2O3；在1000℃下，涂层表面存在θ—Al2O3和α—Al2O3两种氧化物；在l100℃下，涂层表面氧化产物主要是α--Al2O3。另外，在各温度下涂层表面的氧化产物中都含有少量的TiO2，并且随着温度升高，含量增加.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.