原子层沉积法制备微通道板发射层的性能

随着微通道板的不断发展与完善,通过改善传统工艺提升其性能越来越困难,开发提升微通道板性能的新技术迫在眉睫。纳米薄膜材料的发展及其制备技术的成熟为微通道板的发展提供了契机,利用原子层沉积技术在通道内壁沉积一层氧化铝纳米薄膜,作为二次电子发射功能层,可以增强通道内壁的二次电子发射能力,从而提升微通道板的增益性能。通过优化原子层沉积工艺参数可以在微通道板的通道内壁沉积厚度均匀的氧化铝薄膜。研究结果表明,微通道板增益随沉积氧化铝厚度的变化而变化,在氧化铝厚度为60 cycles时,施加偏压800 V时增益可达56 000,约为正常微通道板增益的12倍。     

电镜原位电子束辐照下Au85 Sn15纳米线的动态熔化过程（英文）

金锡合金焊料由于其良好的性能逐渐成为一种可能替代锡铅焊料的无铅焊料,并且利用电子束辐照的焊接方式,一维金锡纳米线已经成功用于TiO_2纳米线的焊接,这为钛基半导体氧化物纳米材料的焊接提供了实验经验。然而,金锡焊料在电子束焊接时的熔化机制和动态过程的研究还很贫乏。在本文中,我们通过电化学沉积的方法制备了一维Au₈₅ Sn₁₅合金纳米焊料,并详细地研究了在透射电镜中的电子束辐照下,其形貌,晶体结构,化学元素分布的演化过程,并进一步探究了电子束辐照熔化纳米焊料的机理。研究发现,在电子束辐照下,一维Au₈₅ Sn₁₅合金纳米焊料的形貌由线状熔化为液滴状;其晶体结构由AuSn和Au_5 Sn为主,少量Au,β-Sn,SnO_2的混合相转化为单一的Au_5 Sn相;其化学元素在电子束辐照下发生质量损失,该过程既有物理相变又有化学相变。在电子束辐照传递的能量作用下,原子的流动或扩散迁移和重新排列是形成新的结合层的动力学机制。该工作不仅为应用纳米焊料进行电子束焊接提供了实验依据,而且为电子束辐照熔化金锡纳米合金纳米焊料的内在机制的研究提供了宝贵经验。     

几种不同涂层抗CO2激光损伤性能的实验研究

在连续CO2激光辐照下,对比测定了石墨、阳极氧化铝、国外某氧化铝及黑色微弧氧化铝涂层的抗激光损伤阈值和反射率,结果表明氧化铝的抗激光损伤性能优于石墨,损伤阈值可达16 kW/cm2;反射率测试结果表明微弧氧化铝对激光吸收大干阳极氧化铝,综合表明微黑色弧氧化铝涂层在激光功率计探头方面有一定的应用前景.     

电子束背散射在胶层中的能量沉积

模拟了散射电子在PMMA（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）电子束胶层中的能量沉积分布。在处理电子穿越衬底的边界时，采用了几率确定法，用以判断电子是否在界面处发生一次弹性散射。并完成了散射电子束胶层中的前散射和背散射的能量的沉积分布图。     

原子层沉积Al_2O_3纳米管弯曲模量的原位研究

本文使用原子层沉积技术以及模板法制备了厚度、成分和结构精确可控的氧化铝纳米管,结合SEM、TEM、SAED和XPS分析,可知所得为非晶态氧化铝纳米管状结构且薄膜致密无针孔,沉积速率为0.11 nm/cycle,实现了纳米管壁厚在纳米尺度精确可控制备。进一步使用自主设计的SEM/SPM(扫描电子显微镜/扫描探针显微镜)联合测试系统,对氧化铝纳米管进行了原位三点弯曲实验研究。结果表明外半径在50 nm左右的氧化铝纳米管的杨氏模量范围在400~600 GPa之间,且杨氏模量值随着纳米管壁厚的增大而递减。     

中子辐照单晶硅与激光退火制备SOI结构的研究

SOI材料在制作高速、抗辐照电路、复合功能器件以及实现三维集成电路等方面有着重要的应用前景.实现SOI结构有多种途径:除蓝宝石外延(SOS)工艺外,还有多晶硅的激光或电子束熔化再结晶、石墨条加热再结晶和在单晶硅中大剂量深注入氧形成隔离层等方法.利用中子辐照使单晶硅损伤,得到了绝缘层衬底,然后以激光退火消除表面层损     

硅基底电子束蒸发铝膜阳极氧化特性

研究了硅衬底上电子束蒸发铝膜 ,在 H2 SO4 水溶液中阳极氧化形成硅衬底多孔氧化铝复合结构的过程 .硅衬底电子束蒸发铝膜的阳极氧化过程主要由多孔氧化铝的生长、氧化铝生长向氧化硅生长的过渡和氧化硅生长三个阶段构成 .硅衬底多孔氧化铝复合结构的透射电子显微镜观察表明 ,在硅衬底上形成了垂直于硅表面的氧化铝纳米孔 ,而孔底可形成 Si O2 层 .有序结构多孔氧化铝的形成不依赖于铝膜的结晶状态 ,而是由阳极氧化过程的自组织作用所决定的 .实验表明将多孔氧化铝制备工艺移植到硅基衬底上直接形成硅基衬底多孔氧化铝复合结构是可行的     

电子束曝光中能量沉积过程及沉积能分布规律

电子束曝光是研制亚微米线宽VLSI的重要手段,虽然电子束机本身可达100(?)或更高的分辩率,但入射电子在胶和衬底中的散射却使曝光分辨率降低到微米级,这说明电子束入射后的能沉过程及沉积能的分布是影响曝光分辨率的关键因素。本文利用多层介质中电子散射的Monte-Carlo计算模型计算了不同条件下的能沉过程,提示并使用了三维接近函数来描述胶中沉积能的分布规律,研究了曝光条件对沉积能分布的影响,文中并给出表示电子空间输运过程的矩阵递推式,使散射过程描述更加完善和简化,以便能更好的应用于电子束曝光的邻近效应校正和曝光条件的优化中。     

硅基底电子束蒸发铝膜阳极氧化特性

研究了硅衬底上电子束蒸发铝膜,在H2SO4水溶液中阳极氧化形成硅衬底多孔氧化铝复合结构的过程.硅衬底电子束蒸发铝膜的阳极氧化过程主要由多孔氧化铝的生长、氧化铝生长向氧化硅生长的过渡和氧化硅生长三个阶段构成.硅衬底多孔氧化铝复合结构的透射电子显微镜观察表明,在硅衬底上形成了垂直于硅表面的氧化铝纳米孔,而孔底可形成SiO2层.有序结构多孔氧化铝的形成不依赖于铝膜的结晶状态,而是由阳极氧化过程的自组织作用所决定的.实验表明将多孔氧化铝制备工艺移植到硅基衬底上直接形成硅基衬底多孔氧化铝复合结构是可行的,它也为硅基纳米材料的制备提供了一种新的自组织模板.     

电子束致沉积手控生长碳纳米线

用电子束致沉积(EBID)来制备各种纳米尺寸的结构在纳米材料的制备和器件构建方面有着良好的应用前景。相对于聚焦离子束(FIB),它具有对样品损伤小和所得结构尺寸更小等优点。此前,电子束致沉积的工作大多数在扫描电镜中完成,而在透射电镜中沉积直到近两年才发展起来。本文尝试在普通热发射透射电镜中,手动控制生长碳纳米线、点等结构。对碳纳米线的生长过程进行了原位观测,并对电子束斑的大小、形状和辐照时间对沉积物形状的影响作了初步的研究。最后对电子束致沉积可控生长无定型碳纳米线可能的应用作了一些探索。     

Atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 and HfO2 on GaN: A comparative study on interfaces and electrical characteristics

Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and composite HfO₂/Al₂O₃ films were deposited on n-type GaN using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The interfacial layer of GaON and HfON was observed between HfO₂ and GaN, whereas the absence of an interfacial layer at Al₂O₃/GaN was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The dielectric constants of Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and composite HfO₂/Al₂O₃ calculated from the C-V measurement are 9, 16.5, and 13.8, respectively. The Al₂O₃ employed as a template in the composite structure has suppressed the interfacial layer formation during the subsequent ALD-HfO₂ and effectively reduced the gate leakage current. While the dielectric constant of the composite HfO₂/Al₂O₃ film is lower than that of HfO₂, the composite structure provides sharp oxide/GaN interface without interfacial layer, leading to better electrical properties.     

原子层沉积氧化铝薄膜对多晶太阳能电池表面钝化的影响

A stack of Al2O3/SiNx dual layer was applied for the back side surface passivation of p-type multi-crystalline silicon solar cells, with laser-opened line metal contacts, forming a local aluminum back surface field （local Al-BSF） structure. A slight amount of Al2O3, wrapping around to the front side of the wafer during the thermal atomic layer deposition process, was found to have a negative influence on cell performance. The different process flow was found to lead to a different cell performance, because of the Al2O3 wrapping around the front surface. The best cell performance, with an absolute efficiency gain of about 0.6% compared with the normal full Al-BSF structure solar cell, was achieved when the Al2O3 layer was deposited after the front surface of the wafer had been covered by a SiNx layer. We discuss the possible reasons for this phenomenon, and propose three explanations as the Ag paste, being hindered from firing through the front passivation layer, degraded the SiNx passivation effect and the Al2O3 induced an inversion effect on the front surface. Characterization methods like internal quantum efficiency and contact resistance scanning were used to assist our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.     

Effects of surface passivation during atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on In0.53Ga0.47As substrates

In this work we investigate the effect of different III-V surface passivation strategies during atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that bare As-decapped and sulfur passivated In_0.53Ga_0.47As present residual oxides on the surface just before the beginning of the Al₂O₃ deposition while the insertion of a Ge interface passivation layer results in an almost oxide free Ge/III-V interface. The study of the initial growth regimes, by means of in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, shows that the growth of Al₂O₃ on Ge leads to an enhanced initial growth accompanied by the formation of Ge-O-Al species thus affecting the final electrical properties of the stack. Alternatively, deposition on decapped and S-passivated In_0.53Ga_0.47As results in a more controlled growth process. The sulfur passivation leads to a better electrical response of the capacitor that can be associated to a lower oxide/semiconductor interface trap density.     

Comparative study of AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors with Al2O3 and HfO2 gate oxide

AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs) with Al₂O₃ gate oxide which was deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were fabricated and their performance was then compared with that of AlGaN/GaN MOSHFETs with HfO₂ gate oxide. The capacitance (C)-voltage (V) curve of the Al₂O₃/GaN MOS diodes showed a lower hysteresis and lower interface state density than the C-V curve of the HfO₂/GaN diodes, indicating better quality of the Al₂O₃/GaN interface. The saturation of drain current in the I_D-V_GS relation of the Al₂O₃ AlGaN/GaN MOSHFETs was not as pronounced as that of the HfO₂ AlGaN/GaN MOSHFETs. The gate leakage current of the Al₂O₃ MOSHFET was five to eight orders of magnitude smaller than that of the HfO₂ MOSHFETs.     

New TIT capacitor with ZrO2/Al2O3/ZrO2 dielectrics for 60 nm and below DRAMs

New ZrO₂/Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ (ZAZ) dielectric film was successfully developed for DRAM capacitor dielectrics of 60 nm and below technologies. ZAZ dielectric film grown by ALD has a mixture structure of crystalline phase ZrO₂ and amorphous phase Al₂O₃ in order to optimize dielectric properties. ZAZ TIT capacitor showed small Tox.eq of 8.5 Å and a low leakage current density of 0.35 fA/cell, which meet leakage current criteria of 0.5 fA/cell for mass production. ZAZ TIT capacitor showed a smaller cap leak fail bit than HAH capacitor and stable leakage current up to 550 °C anneal. TDDB (time dependent dielectric breakdown) behavior reliably satisfied the 10-year lifetime criteria within operation voltage range.     

Charge trapping and interface characteristics in normally-off Al2O3/GaN-MOSFETs

Normally-off GaN-MOSFETs with Al₂O₃ gate dielectric have been fabricated and characterized. The Al₂O₃ layer is deposited by ALD and annealed under various temperatures. The saturation drain current of 330 mA/mm and the maximum transconductance of 32 mS/mm in the saturation region are not significantly modified after annealing. The subthreshold slope and the low-field mobility value are improved from 642 to 347 mV/dec and from 50 to 55 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively. The I_D-V_G curve shows hysteresis due to oxide trapped charge in the Al₂O₃ before annealing. The amount of hysteresis reduces with the increase of annealing temperature up to 750 °C. The Al₂O₃ layer starts to crystallize at a temperature of 850 °C and its insulating property deteriorates.     

Atomic oxygen-assisted molecular beam deposition of Gd2O3 films for ultra-scaled Ge-based electronic devices

The atomic oxygen-assisted molecular beam deposition of Gd₂O₃ films on Ge(0 0 1) substrates has been performed at various growth temperatures. The compositional aspects, the interface details and the surface structure have been investigated by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and in situ atomic force microscopy, and ex situ. The interface layer of GeO₂ has been subsequently fabricated by means of atomic oxygen exposure in order to passivate the high-k/Ge interface. The electrical characterization on the final Gd₂O₃/GeO₂/Ge structure has been reported. The electrical characterization on the Al gate/Gd₂O₃/GeO₂/Ge structure exhibits a MOS behavior, indicating the beneficial effect of GeO₂ passivation.     

Investigation of high-K gate stacks with epitaxial Gd2O3 and FUSI NiSi metal gates down to CET=0.86 nm

Novel gate stacks with epitaxial gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) high-k dielectrics and fully silicided (FUSI) nickel silicide (NiSi) gate electrodes are investigated. Ultra-low leakage current densities down to 10^–7 A cm^–2 are observed at a capacitance equivalent oxide thickness of CET=1.8 nm. The influence of a titanium nitride (TiN) capping layer during silicidation is studied. Furthermore, films with an ultra-thin CET of 0.86 nm at a Gd₂O₃ thickness of 3.1 nm yield current densities down to 0.5 A cm⁻² at V_g=+1 V. The extracted dielectric constant for these gate stacks ranges from k=13 to 14. These results emphasize the potential of NiSi/Gd₂O₃ gate stacks for future material-based scaling of CMOS technology.     

First investigation of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitor using Pr2O3 dielectrics

Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors with Pr₂O₃ as high-k material have been investigated for the first time. We varied the thickness of the Pr₂O₃ layers as well as the bottom electrode material. The layers are characterised using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Preliminary information on the interaction of water with the films was obtained from XPS and ab initio pseudopotential calculations. The electrical characterisation shows that Pr₂O₃ MIM capacitors can provide higher capacitance densities than Si₃N₄ MIM capacitors while still maintaining comparable voltage coefficients of capacitance. The Pr₂O₃ dielectric material seems to be suitable for use in silicon RF applications.     

Sn掺杂对(In0.95-xSnxFe0.05)2O3薄膜的结构、电学及磁特性的影响

我们利用脉冲激光沉积的方法制备了一系列(In0.95-xSnxFe0.05)2O3 (x=0~0.09)薄膜,并在其中发现了室温铁磁性。X射线衍射结果表明锡与铁离子已掺入氧化铟晶格。随着锡的掺入,样品内的载流子浓度得到了很大的提高,但相应的铁磁性却几乎没有变化。我们认为氧空位相关的束缚磁极化子模型能够跟好的解释我们的铁掺杂氧化铟薄膜中的铁磁耦合的机制,而载流子传导的RKKY相互作用则不适用于这一系统。