基于噪声检测的总变分去噪算法

对受高斯和脉冲混合噪声污染的数字图像去噪方法进行了研究,提出了一种基于噪声检测的自适应总变分(TV)去噪算法。提出的改进算法采用两步迭代框架实现:脉冲噪点检测和全变分图像恢复。第一步中,考虑到脉冲噪声污染的像素点不包含原图像有效信息,采用一种局部统计值,即邻域像素间的随机绝对差排序值(ROAD)估计出噪点的位置;第二步中,采用L2-TV方法进行去噪处理,并对上述过程进行迭代处理,得到去噪图像。在噪点估计过程中引入脉冲噪点水平参数,这样处理的优势在于可更准确地检测出脉冲噪点;而L2-TV去噪方法可很好地去除高斯噪声,两者结合有效地解决了TV算法存在误判图像脉冲噪声为边缘而产生假边缘的问题。与现有典型去噪方法的比较实验表明,该迭代去噪算法,即TV-ROAD算法,既能够去除混合噪声,又可以保留图像细节特征。     

一种基于模糊函数的自适应平滑约束图像复原算法

为了在抑制噪声的同时保护图像的细节,提出了一种基于模糊函数的自适应平滑约束图像复原算法。该算法首先用模糊函数对图像局部区域内线元素的数量和方向进行评价,然后根据评价结果使用不同的高通滤波器构造平滑约束条件,同时使平滑约束条件随着图像复原的迭代过程不断更新,以便自适应地在图像平坦区域抑制噪声,而在存在物体边界的区域则保护细节信息。对比实验表明,此方法具有更高的收敛速度,更好的客观评价指标和主观视觉效果。     

Adaptive Variational Method for Restoring Color Images with High Density Impulse Noise

In this paper, a new variational framework of restoring color images with impulse noise is presented. The novelty of this work is the introduction of an adaptively weighting data-fidelity term in the cost functional. The fidelity term is derived from statistical methods and contains two weighting functions as well as some statistical control parameters of noise. This method is based on the fact that impulse noise can be approximated as an additive noise with probability density function (PDF) being the finite mixture model. A Bayesian framework is then formulated in which likelihood functions are given by the mixture model. Inspired by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, we present two models with variational framework in this study. The superiority of the proposed models is that: the weighting functions can effectively detect the noise in the image; with the noise information, the proposed algorithm can automatically balance the regularity of the restored image and the fidelity term by updating the weighting functions and the control parameters. These two steps ensure that one can obtain a good restoration even though the degraded color image is contaminated by impulse noise with large ration (90% or more). In addition, the numerical implementation of this algorithm is very fast by using a split algorithm. Some numerical experimental results and comparisons with other methods are provided to show the significant effectiveness of our approach.     

基于CSSD的非线性相关滤波在光照变化人脸识别中的应用

针对现有的滤波算法由于光照变化而影响人脸识别性能的问题,提出了特定类子空间依赖的非线性相关滤波算法。首先,利用非线性最佳映射图像相关滤波器与非线性最佳重建图像相关滤波器之间相位的特定类子空间运算实现算法;然后,通过最小化相关平面能量、同时最大化相关波峰进一步优化;最后,利用关联分类器完成人脸识别。在扩展Yale B和PIE人脸库上的实验结果表明,本文算法在加性高斯噪声条件下仍然对光照变化不敏感,相比其他几种较好的滤波算法,本文算法取得了更高的识别率,并提高了算法执行效率。     

Context model based edge preservation filter for impulse noise removal

In this article, a new edge preserving contextual model based image restoration technique is proposed for images affected by impulse noise. The proposed restoration technique consists of two stages: noisy pixel identification and restoration. Center sliding window is considered as current processing pixel for both noisy pixel identification and restoration. In the first stage of the proposed technique, we follow an absolute directional difference of the neighborhood pixels to identify the pixels those are affected by impulse noise. We propose an edge preserving contextual model to restore the noisy pixels. The noise correction stage of the proposed scheme depends on the context model of the noise-free pixels in the selected window. The parameters of the contextual model are obtained using a Gaussian kernel. The proposed algorithm is tested on nine benchmark test images. The evaluation of the proposed algorithm is carried out by comparing it against nine competitive state-of-the-art algorithms for impulse noise removal. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Structural Similarity Index (MSSIM), Non-shifted Edge Ratio (NSER) and Correlation Factor (CF) performance measures. Experimental results corroborate that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than the existing state-of-art impulse denoising methods.     

A new impulse detection and filtering method for removal of wide range impulse noises

A new impulse detection and filtering algorithm is proposed for restoration of images that are highly corrupted by impulse noise. It is based on the minimum absolute value of four convolutions obtained by one-dimensional Laplacian operators. The proposed algorithm can effectively remove the impulse noise with a wide range of noise density and produce better results in terms of the qualitative and quantitative measures of the images even at noise density as high as 90%. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than many of the existing switching median filters in terms of noise suppression and detail preservation.     

基于自然图像块相似性和稀疏先验性的图像复原

针对物体成像过程受光学系统散焦、运动、大气扰动及光电噪声等因素影响,导致光学系统获取的图像存在噪声、模糊、畸变等降质问题,对基于自然图像块相似性和自然图像稀疏先验信息的图像复原方法进行研究,提出一种泛化的基于图像块相似性和自然图像稀疏先验的图像复原框架。首先,在研究自然图像稀疏先验模型的基础上比较了几种图像块的相似性模型,比较结果表明在图像复原中利用图像块的高相似性先验条件模型能够提升图像复原的性能;接着,构建和优化了基于图像块的期望log相似性模型,减少了运行时间,简化了学习过程;最后,通过构建一种近似的最大后验估计（MAP）算法,最终实现了基于优化的期望块log相似性和混合高斯模型（GMM）的图像复原。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法能够很好地复原包含有各种模糊和加性噪声的退化图像,所得图像的峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似度（SSIM）都优于当前技术条件下的其他稀疏先验复原方法,并具有更好的视觉效果。     

基于分组字典与变分模型的图像去噪算法

针对加性高斯噪声去除问题，在现有传统的K均值奇异值分解（K-SVD）字典学习算法的基础上，提出一种将字典学习与变分模型相融合的改进算法。首先，根据图像的几何和光度信息将图像进行聚类分组，再将图像组按照边缘和纹理类别进行分类，根据噪声水平和图像组类别训练一个自适应字典；其次，将通过所学字典得到的稀疏表示先验与图像本身的非局部相似先验进行融合来构建变分模型；最后，通过求解变分模型得到去噪后图像。实验结果表明，与同类去噪算法相比，当噪声比率较高时，所提算法可以解决前期算法准确性较差、纹理丢失较为严重、产生视觉伪影等问题，在视觉效果上要更为理想；同时该算法结构相似性指数有明显提高，峰值信噪比（PSNR）的值更是平均提高了10%以上。     

Robust Image Restoration Algorithm Using Markov Random Field Model

A new method is proposed for image restoration of a gray-level image blurred by an erroneous point spread function and corrupted by either additive or multiplicative noise. The proposed method is based on a Markov random field model with an appropriate line field, whereby it has the ability to restore discontinuities. Robustness is incorporated by the total least-squares term in the posterior energy function. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to implement the proposed method. Simulation results comparing restoration based on minimizing posterior energy functions of type ℓ₂ ℓ₁, total ℓ₁, and total least squares with and without line field are presented.     

基于统计假设测试的噪声方差估计方法

在数字图像处理中,噪声方差估计是一个重要的研究课题。提出一种针对加性高斯噪声的噪声方差估计方法。利用一种基于统计假设测试的方法来度量图像结构特征度,基于图像结构特征度找出平滑子块和非平滑子块（含有边缘或纹理子块）;以平滑子块中的最小方差为参考方差,选择出方差与参考方差相差在一定范围内且不含边缘的所有子块;从选出的子块中求以图像结构特征度为权重的方差平均值作为噪声方差估计值。相比于现有的噪声估计方法,该方法具有非常高的估计精度,适合感染高斯噪声的各种图像。     

基于二级修复的多方向加权均值滤波算法

针对目前算法不能有效去除高概率的椒盐噪声并保护图像边缘和细节特征的缺点,提出了一种基于二级修复的多方向加权均值滤波算法。在噪声检测阶段,首先利用一个方差参数判断当前像素点与其邻域像素点之间的灰度差异程度,再通过将方差参数和灰度极值相结合的方法检测出图像中的椒盐噪声点。在噪声修复阶段,提出一种二级修复方法来修复噪声点的灰度值。首先利用改进的自适应中值滤波器对椒盐噪声点进行第一级噪声修复;然后利用方差参数将第一级修复后的噪声点划分为两类,并采用不同的修复方法对这两类像素点进行第二级噪声修复,一类像素点采用均值滤波器进行再修复,另外一类像素点采用多方向加权均值滤波器进行再修复。数值实验结果表明,所提算法的滤波性能和边缘保护能力均优于当下很多先进的滤波器。     

一种脉冲噪声图像复原算法

针对被脉冲噪声污染的观测图像提出了一种基于自相似灰度校正的自适应图像复原算法．该算法首先用有选择的中值滤波器对脉冲噪声进行抑制，然后利用图像的自相似性对像素值进行校正以克服中值滤波器造成的图像局部区域像素相关性增加对图像复原处理产生的不利影响．用规整化方法进行图像复原处理，并且使用在灰度校正过程中得到的竞争因子对图像局部区域的统计量进行加权来产生规整化参数，并使其在迭代过程中自适应的更新．实验结果表明，该算法获得的复原图像具有良好的客观评价指标和主观视觉效果．     

用于三维点集形状模型的水印算法

对定义在一系列无方向点集上的3D形状模型提出一种新的数字水印方案。首先应用神经网络的方法对点集模型进行学习,根据在学习过程中神经网格法线的变化情况,找到特征点。最后对已加水印的点集模型应用不同的攻击,比如剪切、（模拟）简化和附加随在特征点附近嵌入水印信息机噪声之后,结果显示通过这种方案嵌入的水印,在某种程度上仍可以被检测到。     

Robust reweighted MAP motion estimation

This paper proposes a motion estimation algorithm that is robust to motion discontinuity and noise. The proposed algorithm is constructed by embedding the least median squares (LMedS) of robust statistics into the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. Difficulties in accurate estimation of the motion field arise from the smoothness constraint and the sensitivity to noise. To cope robustly with these problems, a median operator and the concept of reweighted least squares (RLS) are applied to the MAP motion estimator, resulting in the reweighted robust MAP (RRMAP). The proposed RRMAP motion estimation algorithm is also generalized for multiple image frame cases. Computer simulation with various synthetic image sequences shows that the proposed algorithm reduces errors, compared to three existing robust motion estimation algorithms that are based on M-estimation, total least squares (TLS), and Hough transform. It is also observed that the proposed algorithm is statistically efficient and robust to additive Gaussian noise and impulse noise. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm yields reasonable performance for real image sequences     

Modified particle swarm optimization and fuzzy regularization for pseudo de-convolution of spatially variant blurs

We propose a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) based method for Pseudo De-convolution of the ill-posed inverse problem namely, the space-variant image degradation (SVD). In this paper, SVD is simulated by the pseudo convolution of different sub-regions of the image with different known blurring kernels and additive random noise with unknown variance. Two heuristic modifications are proposed in PSO: 1) Initialization of the swarm and 2) Mutation of the global best. Fuzzy logic is applied for the computation of regularization parameter (RP) to cater for the sensitivity of the problem. The computation of RP is crucial due to the additive noise in the SVD image. Thus mathematical morphology (MM) is applied for better extraction of spatial activity from the distorted image. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with different test images and noise powers. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superiority of proposed restoration, in terms of quantitative measures, over well-known existing and state-of-the-art SVD approaches.     

Image restoration based on camera microscanning

Common restoration techniques use a single observed image for the processing. In this work three observed degraded images obtained from camera microscanning are utilized for image restoration. It is assumed that the degraded images contain information about an original image, multiplicative interference, and additive sensor’s noise. Using captured images a set of linear or nonlinear equations and objective function are formed. By solving the system of equations with the help of an iterative algorithm, the original image can be recovered. A fast algorithm for approximated image restoration is proposed. Computer simulations results presented and discussed.     

基于频域共轭梯度法的交替迭代复原算法研究

对迭代盲目去卷积复原方法进行了研究,提出了基于频域共轭梯度法的交替迭代优化复原算法,在频域上构造了关于目标图像和点扩展函数频谱的误差代价函数,将共轭梯度法引入到频谱误差代价函数的极小化过程中,并将空域非负性和频域带限等先验约束知识融合到对目标图像和点扩展函数的迭代交替优化估计过程中,取得了预期的复原效果,增强了算法的抗噪性和稳定性。在微机上进行了一系列的复原实验,实验结果表明算法复原效果好,抗噪能力强,速度较快,且能恢复具有复杂背景的目标图像。     

A statistical and Wiener filtering algorithm based on the curvelet transform for SAR images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images contain many kinds of noise. Speckle noise is multiplicative noise generated by the coherent imaging processes involved in SAR images and brings a great hindrance to the interpretation and application of SAR images, so it is considered the first major kind of noise in SAR images. SAR images also contain other incoherent additive noises generated by other factors, such as Gaussian noise, which are all considered the second major kind of noise. In order to reduce the impact of noise as much as possible, after an in-depth study of SAR imaging and noise-generating mechanism, curvelet transform principle, and Wiener filtering characteristic, a novel filtering method, here called the statistical and Wiener based on curvelet transform (SWCT) method is proposed. The SWCT algorithm processes two different kinds noise based on their properties. Specifically, it establishes a two-tiered filtering framework. For the first kind of noise, the algorithm uses the curvelet transform to decompose the SAR image and uses the statistical characteristics of the SAR image to generate an adaptive filtering threshold of the coefficients of decomposition to recover the original image. Then it filters every sub-band image at each decomposed scale and performs the inverse curvelet transform. The second kind of noise is directly filtered using the Wiener filter in the SWCT algorithm. Using the two-tiered filtering model and fully exploiting statistical characteristics, the SWCT algorithm not only reduces the amount of coherent speckle noise and incoherent noise effectively but also retains the edges and geometric details of the original SAR image. This is very good for target detection, classification, and recognition. Qualitative and quantitative tests were performed using simulated speckle noise, Gaussian noise, and real SAR images. The proposed SWCT algorithm was found to remove noise effectively and the performance of the algorithm was tested and compared to the mean filter, enhanced gamma-MAP (maximum a posterior probability) filter, wavelet transform filter, Wiener filter, and curvelet transform filter. Experiments carried out on real SAR images confirmed that the new method has a good filtering effect and can be used on different SAR images.     

基于NAS-RIF算法和神经网络的图像盲复原

在图像盲复原中,NAS-RIF算法在无噪情况下,能够得到较好的复原结果,但是对有观测噪声的图像复原效果不理想。而Hopfield神经网络有利于缓解图像复原过程中的震铃效应,但前提是知道退化图像的点扩展函数。将二者相结合提出一种基于NAS-RIF算法和神经网络的图像盲复原新算法,首先由NAS-RIF算法先估计出退化图像的点扩展函数,再利用Hopfield神经网络算法对其进行复原。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的盲复原效果。     

非高斯噪声下的回声消除算法研究

回声消除一直是信号处理领域的热门研究方向,其中自适应滤波器是在回声消除问题中最为广泛应用的技术,但自适应滤波算法主要是在基于高斯噪声条件下的应用,而现实环境广泛存在着非高斯的噪声,这严重影响了基于L2范数的自适应噪声滤波算法的噪声消除性能。为解决回声消除方法对非高斯噪声的适用性问题,根据回声路径具有明显的稀疏系统特性,结合比例矩阵的设计思想以及符号算法(SA),提出一种改进的MIPNSA算法。该滤波算法既能很好地适应于不同的背景噪声,同时也在较大程度上增强了对稀疏系统的适应能力。仿真测试结果表明,在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声条件下,本算法比现有的一些算法的回声消除效果更佳。