空化射流喷丸对45钢表面性能的影响

选用45钢作为研究对象,通过空化射流喷丸对其进行强化.利用microXAM型三维光学轮廓仪测量试样表面形貌,用S-3000N型扫描电镜表征试样表面的微观结构,采用71型显微硬度计测量试样截面硬度值的变化.结果表明:空化射流喷丸对45钢表面有明显的强化效果,喷射时间和射流压力对空化喷丸能力有着重要影响;空化射流喷丸强化比普通喷丸强化得到了更好的表面质量.     

42CrMo钢超声喷丸强化模拟与实验研究

以42CrMo钢作为研究对象,利用超声喷丸工艺对42CrMo钢进行表面强化处理,并对超声喷丸过程进行有限元模拟,分析超声喷丸工艺与材料表面残余应力、显微硬度和表面形貌之间的关系。有限元模拟计算结果表明,超声喷丸冲击针头直径越小、冲击速度越大,喷丸后材料硬度越大,表面形貌越差;冲击针头直径对材料残余压应力场深度有显著影响;冲击速度对材料最大残余压应力值和残余压应力场深度有显著影响。     

几种不同原始硬度钢的喷丸强化行为与表征

材料硬度对喷丸强化具有很大的影响。目前表征喷丸强化常用的指标有显微硬度和X射线衍射半高宽,但从二指标出发会得出一些矛盾的结果。用X射线应力分析技术可以测得材料表面的应力,如此可得出表面屈服强度。通过改变热处理条件或化学成分得到的具有不同硬度材料的试验结果,喷丸强化处理可使软状态材料表面的半高宽值显著增大,同时也使其表面屈服强度有较大幅度的提高。喷丸使硬状态材料表面的半高宽大幅度减小,却使其表面屈服强度有不同程度的提高。对于中硬度表面,喷丸对半高宽影响不大,但使多数材料的表面屈服强度下降。这说明,用当前人们经常使用的半高宽参量来推断表面的强度可能得到错误的信息。表面屈服强度指标比通常应用的半高宽指标更能反映材料表面的力学特性。     

喷丸对高强度变形镁合金ZK60-T5高周疲劳性能的影响

为了研究高强度变形镁合金ZK60经喷丸处理后的表面变形层微观组织结构的变化及其对高周疲劳性能的影响,首先对用半连续铸造的方法浇注的圆棒进行热挤压,挤压比为14,并对挤压棒进行T5热处理后加工成漏斗型疲劳试样,标记为ZK60-T5.然后对一部分疲劳试样进行喷丸处理,观察喷丸后试样表面变形层的微观组织变化规律,并研究喷丸处理后表面粗糙度、变形层的显微硬度和残余压应力对ZK60-T5镁合金高周疲劳性能的影响.结果表明:高强度变形镁合金ZK60-T5的最佳喷丸工艺为0.05 mmN,且经喷丸强化后,ZK60-T5镁合金表面变形层的微观组织发生了变化,疲劳强度由150 MPa提高到195 MPa,提高了30%,疲劳寿命得到显著提高,而在表面变形层残余压应力场的作用下疲劳裂纹源由表面被"驱赶"到表面强化层下.     

喷丸处理钢表面残余应力对接触疲劳性能影响的研究(英文)

本文阐述了20CrMnTi钢滚形试样经热处理和喷丸强化后,表面形变硬化层和残余应力对接触疲劳性能的影响。在本试验条件下,接触疲劳失效的主要形式为深层剥落和浅层剥落。表面的形变硬化层和残余压力能延缓表面裂纹的萌生,减慢裂纹的扩展速率,从而能显著地增长接触疲劳寿命。本文提出了表面残余应力及其对性能作用的物理模型。     

TC11钛合金旋转辅助超声喷丸组织演化规律研究

设计了适用于强化疲劳试样的旋转辅助超声喷丸实验平台,采用技术手段对强化试样微观组织进行表征,结果表明：超声喷丸强化技术可以选取密度更大,硬度更高的喷丸小球来提高强化效率;超声喷丸处理对疲劳试样棒工作段硬度强化是非均匀的,强化区域沿层深方向硬度呈现梯度分布;强化区域表层呈现梯度纳米结构,晶粒细化机制为引入大塑性变形导致的连续动态再结晶;超声喷丸强化时间过长会导致过度喷丸,材料表面会萌生微裂纹。     

对40Cr钢表层硬度残余应力及接触疲劳性能的研究

研究了表面淬火、离子氮化＋表面淬火的复合热处理以及复合热处理＋喷丸处理3种表面强化处理工艺对40Cr钢的表层硬度残余应力分布以及接触疲劳性能的影响,结果表明：经过复合热处理＋喷丸工艺处理的40Cr钢可获得最高的表层硬度和残余压应力,同时也表现出最为优异的接触疲劳性能。据此提出,高的表层硬度和残余应力能够有效地抑制接触疲劳裂纹在试样表面的萌生和扩展,因而可大大提高40Cr钢的接触疲劳寿命。     

Ti合金喷丸强化研究进展

概述了钛合金塑性变形和喷丸强化机理,同时叙述了钛合金强化层中的组织和残余应力,文中重点总结了喷丸强化对钛合金显微组织的影响,指出：喷丸形成的亚结构栅栏效应可显著提高构件的疲劳性能．     

喷丸强化对Al-12Si合金组织及性能的影响

为了提高Al-12Si合金在高温工况下的服役寿命,文中基于喷丸强化技术,探究了表层组织细化和压应力对材料疲劳性能的影响。采用微观表征手段对组织结构进行表征,通过X射线残余应力分析仪、显维维氏硬度仪以及常温旋弯疲劳试验机对喷丸强化后材料的表面残余应力、硬度及疲劳性能进行评价。研究结果表明:喷丸强化有效改善了初生硅的大小和圆整度,硅相平均尺寸由40μm降至30μm,圆整度由基体的1.69提高至2.09,且其对Al_7Cu_4Ni尺寸影响较大,由基体的47μm~2降至10.87μm~2,另其可在Al-12Si合金表面引入170 MPa残余压应力。喷丸强化引入的应变强化可使Al-12Si合金的硬度由117 HV提高至200 HV以上。常温旋弯疲劳实验表明,喷丸强化促使Al-12Si合金的疲劳强度提高了13%以上。     

基于SPH耦合有限元法的喷丸残余应力场数值模拟

针对有限元方法不能有效模拟喷丸加工过程中大量弹丸反复冲击的现状,使用光滑粒子流体动力学法(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)耦合有限元法(finite element method, FEM)模拟喷丸强化过程。工件采用FEM建模,弹丸采用SPH建模,通过接触算法实现SPH和FEM的耦合以模拟弹丸对工件的强化作用。提出弹丸流的材料模型,分析了相关参数对工件残余压应力分布和能量利用率的影响。结果表明,随着弹丸打击次数的增加,工件表面残余压应力分布逐渐趋于稳定;高覆盖率能有效改善工件表面残余压应力分布,低覆盖率则会降低喷丸效果;适当提高弹丸速度虽然可以使残余应力层深度和最大残余压应力值增加,但会降低能量利用率。通过与相关实验数据的比较,验证了仿真模型和结果的正确性。     

Experimental Research on Laser Shot Peening to Form Aluminum Alloy

Laser shot peening forming is a novel technology, which employs residual stress induced by intense laser to shape precisely the plate. In this paper, the aeronautic aluminum alloy LY12CZ was selected as an object to research experimentally the magnitude of deformation versus numbers of laser shot peening, and surface quality in laser shot zone was also investigated. The specimen was impacted along its centerline by the high-power, short-duration pulses laser. The experimental results show that the arc height and hardness becomes greater with numbers of shot peening increasing and eventually arrives to saturated state, and surface roughness after laser shot peening decreases slightly and dislocation density increases greatly, which indicates that the laser shot peening is a technique combining laser shock processing and metal forming.     

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d treated within 1hour after trauma was significantly lower thaoys residual stress induced by intense laser to shape precisely the plate.In this paper,the aeronautic aluminum alloy LY12CZ was selected as an object to research experimentally the magnitude of deformation versus numbers of laser shot peening,and surface quality in laser shot zone was also investigated.The specimen was impacted along its centerline by the high-power,short-duration pulses laser.The experimental results show that the arc height and hardness becomes greater with numbers of shot peening increasing and eventually arrives to saturated state,and sur- face roughness after laser shot peening decreases slightly and dislocation density increases greatly,which indicates that the laser shot peening is a technique combining laser shock processing and metal forming.     

喷丸前后板簧脱碳表层的研究

汽车板簧常有使疲劳强度大幅度下降的脱碳层,而喷丸处理可以有效地改善其疲劳性能。目前用来表征板簧脱碳表面力学特性最常见的指标是Ｘ射线谱线的半高宽和显微硬度,该二参量不仅本身存在缺陷,而且二者给出的结果也不一致。采用Ｘ射线应力分析技术,可以获得金属表面的真实应力———应变关系,从而可以用表面屈服强度对板簧脱碳表面进行研究。采用逐级剥离方法可测得半高宽、显微硬度和表面屈服强度沿脱碳层深度的分布,测量结果表明,脱碳层严重软化,但上述３参量随层深的变化规律存在一定的差异。由于表面屈服强度直接反映材料抵抗塑性形变的能力,因此,表面屈服强度更能正确地表征材料力学特性的分布。     

不同喷丸工艺下残余应力沿深度的分布规律

利用X射线衍射法系统研究了16种不同喷丸工艺产生的残余应力。每个工件取4个不同位置测点,每测点在表面下250μm范围内取8个测试深度,采用电解抛光进行剥层,结果表明:国产弹丸最大残余压应力出现在表面下50μm处,影响层深150μm;进口弹丸最大应力出现在50~75μm处,影响层深为200μm;喷丸工艺中抛头转速与阿尔门值成正比,随阿尔门值增大残余应力略有增加,但残余应力最大值与阿尔门值之间没有定量对应关系;喷丸后残余应力的影响层深度与弹丸特性有直接关系,而与抛头转速无关。     

Analytical Modelling of Shot-peening Residual Stress on Welding Carbon Steel Surface Layer

The residual stress distribution was studied by an analytical model, due to shot peening on the welding carbon steel surface layer. The initial welding residual stresses before shot peening were taken into consideration in this analytical model. The Hertzian elastic contact theory was used to get the elastic compression stress state after impact on the surface layer. The initial welding stress field and the shot peening stress field would superpose and the welding surface layer would yield based on the elastic-plastic evaluation, then the residual stress after shot peening can be achieved. The influence of initial welding residual stress on the stress distribution after shot peening was analyzed and discussed. A series of experiments were carried out and the residual stress on the welding surface was determined by X-ray diffractometer before and after shot peening. The calculation results of the analytical model are consistent with the experimental results. The critical shot velocities when welding surface layer yielded and reverse yielded were calculated. While the welded joint surface material reversely yielded, the maximum compressive residual stress would not obviously increase with the increase of shot velocity, the thickness of the compressive stress layer would be increased. Welding residual tensile stress can enlarge the thickness of the compressive stress layer at the same shot velocity when reverse yield appeared.     

国产TP347HFG奥氏体不锈钢氧化皮问题分析及预控措施

对某电厂2×660 MW超超临界机组锅炉后屏过热器使用国产TP347HFG奥氏体不锈钢投产约6个月即发生大面积氧化皮脱落问题进行了分析, 并给出了相应的预控措施。认为国产TP347HFG奥氏体不锈钢在制作工艺上还有待优化和提高; 并建议国产TP347HFG奥氏体不锈钢用于超(超)临界锅炉高温受热面管材必须做内壁喷丸处理, 防止氧化皮脱落导致爆管事故的发生。另外, 认为给水加氧未采用自动投加可能是促使氧化皮提前脱落的另一重要原因。     

现代抗疲劳制造应用技术研究与发展

对近年来国内外在抗疲劳制造技术方面的研究和进展作了综述,重点分析了机械喷丸、高压水射流喷丸及激光冲击处理技术对构件疲劳性能提高的机理.基于"无应力集中"抗疲劳概念的理论模型,指出先进的表面完整性加工,尤其是表面改性可显著提高疲劳性能.对今后抗疲劳制造技术研究的重点提出了见解.     

Surface recrystallization of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy

The recrystallization behavior of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy was investigated by shot peening and subsequent annealing. Two kinds of recrystallization microstructures, which are intensively dependent on the annealing temperature, are shown in the nickel-base superalloy after shot peening and subsequent annealing. Surface recrystallized grains are obtained when the superalloy is annealed at solution treatment temperature. The nucleation of recrystallization originates from the dendritic core, wh...