烧结温度对包混/复合添加工艺制备多孔SiC陶瓷性能的影响

采用包混工艺合成了核壳结构的先驱体粉体,并引入一定量Al2O3、SiO2和Y2O3复合添加剂,通过成型、炭化和烧结工艺制备了多孔碳化硅陶瓷;分析了样品的物相、表面形貌、孔隙率、热导率、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度和抗热震性能。结果表明,在较低的烧结温度下制得了多孔碳化硅陶瓷,在1650℃烧结的多孔碳化硅陶瓷综合性能较好。     

利用工业废弃微硅粉制备多孔莫来石陶瓷

以微硅粉和氧化铝粉为主要原料,采用凝胶注模工艺和无压烧结法制备了多孔莫来石陶瓷材料。研究了原料配比和烧结温度对莫来石形成、多孔莫来石陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学性能测定等手段表征了制备的多孔莫来石陶瓷。结果表明:烧结温度和Al2O3/SiO2配比是影响莫来石合成的主要因素;从1300℃开始,微硅粉中的SiO2就与Al2O3发生反应,生成莫来石晶相,到1450℃时样品中莫来石含量达到最高;微硅粉适当过量有利于提高莫来石相的纯度,当Al2O3/SiO2物质的量比为3∶2.5时,合成的莫来石纯度高达90%,密度为2.51g/cm3,气孔率为20.56%,抗压强度为260.93MPa。     

空心玻璃微珠造孔制备多孔莫来石陶瓷及其性能EI北大核心

以煤矸石和铝矾土为原料,空心玻璃微珠为造孔剂,采用压制成型烧结制备多孔莫来石陶瓷。研究空心玻璃微珠添加量和烧结温度对物相组成、显微结构、抗弯强度和耐酸碱腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:提高空心玻璃微珠添加量可以增大多孔陶瓷气孔率;空心玻璃微珠的添加可以促进莫来石相的形成,降低烧结温度。在一定温度范围内提高烧结温度可以增大气孔率,但烧结温度超过1350℃后气孔率开始下降。保持Al_(2)O_(3)∶SiO_(2)摩尔比为3∶2,调整空心玻璃微珠添加量至1.68%(质量分数),在1350℃保温2 h烧结条件下可获得气孔率为33.23%、抗弯强度为56.41 MPa的多孔莫来石陶瓷,其耐酸碱腐蚀性能良好。     

原位反应结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备与性能

以碳化硅(SiC)和氧化铝(Al₂O₃)为起始原料、石墨为造孔剂, 通过原位反应结合工艺制备SiC多孔陶瓷. XRD分析表明多孔陶瓷的主相是SiC, 结合相是莫来石与方石英; SEM观察到多孔陶瓷具有相互连通的开孔结构. 坯体在烧结前后具有很小的尺寸变化, 线收缩率约在±1.5%内. 多孔陶瓷的开口孔隙率随烧结温度和成型压力的增大而减小, 随石墨加入量的增加而增大; 而体密度具有相反的变化趋势. 随着石墨粒径的增大, 多孔陶瓷的孔径分布呈现双峰分布. 抗弯强度随烧结温度和成型压力的增大而增大, 随石墨加入量的增大而减小. 于1450℃保温4h烧成的样品在0～800℃的平均热膨胀系数为6.4×10^-6/K. 多孔陶瓷还表现出良好的透气性、抗高温氧化和耐酸腐蚀性, 但耐碱腐蚀性相对较差.     

多孔铝基陶瓷型芯的制备及其性能

为了解决铝基陶瓷型芯难于烧结和不易脱芯的难题, 在样品中加入了一定量的SiO₂. 利用干压法制备了多孔氧化铝基陶瓷型芯样品, 研究了不同SiO₂的添加量、烧结温度和保温时间对样品性能的影响. 研究结果表明: 经1500℃烧结保温2 h和1600℃烧结降温2 h的样品, 其线收缩率变化不大. 经1700℃烧结保温2 h的样品, 由于SiO₂的挥发导致样品的气孔率升高, 抗弯强度明显降低. 经1500℃烧结保温2 h的样品综合性能最好, 当SiO₂添加量为10wt%时, 样品的线收缩率为1.1%, 抗弯强度为63 MPa, 气孔率为35.5%, 体积密度为2.29 g/cm³; 当保温时间≥4 h时, 其线收缩率、抗弯强度、气孔率和体积密度变化不大, 有望成为高温型芯的候选材料.     

建筑回收物制备多孔陶瓷材料及其性能表征

以建筑垃圾为主要原料,Al_2O_3为铝源,AlF_3为晶须催化剂,MoO_3为烧结助剂,成功制备了钙长石-莫来石-刚玉多孔陶瓷。采用XRD和SEM分析了多孔陶瓷材料的物相组成及形貌,研究了在烧结温度1 350℃条件下,不同保温时间对多孔陶瓷材料开口孔隙率、孔径分布的影响,以及钙长石-莫来石-刚玉多孔陶瓷的双轴弯曲强度和油水分离性能。结果表明,当AlF_3含量为12%(质量分数)、MoO_3含量为4%(质量分数)时,在烧结温度1 350℃下,保温2 h,制备的钙长石-莫来石-刚玉多孔陶瓷性能最优。孔隙率分析可知,保温时间为2 h时,有利于原料中氧化铝相和玻璃相莫来石化,增加莫来石相的含量;此时多孔陶瓷材料具有46%的开口孔隙率,且样品中莫来石晶须的大量生长造成晶须之间的尺寸较为一致,使得样品的开孔孔隙孔径大小比较集中,比较适合进行油水分离。力学性能分析表明,保温时间为2 h时,样品的双轴弯曲强度为68 MPa,机械性能良好。油水分离性能研究表明,在不同的膜压差下,样品的油乳拦截率均能达到97%～99%,多孔陶瓷膜具有较好的油乳分离性能。     

成型温度对多孔SiC陶瓷性能的影响

以包混工艺合成了核-壳结构的先驱体粉体,并引入少量Al<,2>O<,3>,SiO<,2>和Y<,2>O<,3>作为复合添加剂,通过模压成型、炭化和烧结工艺制备了多孔碳化硅陶瓷;研究了成型温度对样品的孔隙率、密度、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度和热震性能的影响.结果表明:成型温度对多孔碳化硅陶瓷的孔隙率、密度、抗弯强度及热震性能均...     

Y2O3和B2O3对莫来石低温烧结的影响

由于Si4+和Al3+离子在莫来石晶界处扩散速率低,莫来石陶瓷难以烧结.为了降低莫来石陶瓷的烧结温度,在莫来石中添加Y203.B2O3为烧结助剂,研究了添加剂在单独和混合添加情况下对莫来石陶瓷体积密度、抗弯强度以及微观形貌等的影响.同时,研究了烧结温度及保温时间对莫来石陶瓷性能的影响.研究表明,添加剂显著地降低了莫来石的烧成温度,添加Y2O3充当烧结助剂比添加B2O3具有更好的效果,随着温度的提高,陶瓷强度由37.39MPa增至77.89MPa,体积密度由1.99g/cm3增至2.60g/cm3.     

反应烧结ZrB2基多孔陶瓷

利用碳还原法,研究了在放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术下反应制得孔隙率较高的多孔ZrB2基陶瓷的烧结制度,制备了不同孔隙率的ZrB2基多孔陶瓷.并对其孔隙率、物相组成、微观结构和力学性能进行了分析和评价.结果表明:得到高孔隙率的ZrB2基多孔陶瓷的烧结工艺为,室温～1400℃升温速率100℃/min,1400～1750℃之间50℃/min,中间保温温度1700℃,最终烧结温度1800℃,保温3min.用该烧结制度通过调节反应得到的ZrB2的量在0.11到0.35范围内可达到孔隙可控,微观结构较均匀,随着孔隙率的增加,热导率显著降低.     

刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷力学性能的影响因素分析

本文采用正交设计方法研究了硅微粉、氧化铝微粉及烧结温度对刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷常温强度和高温强度的影响机制.结果表明:氧化铝微粉对高温强度的影响较大,硅微粉次之,烧结温度最小.适当降低氧化铝微粉的含量,并提高硅微粉的含量和烧结温度,可以提高复相陶瓷的高温强度.通过调节硅微粉、氧化铝微粉及烧结温度可控制刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷的显微结构,改善刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷的高温强度.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。