第二代单晶高温合金DD6长期时效后的拉伸性能

研究了第二代单晶高温合金DD6长期时效后的拉伸性能.结果表明:980℃长期时效后,[001]取向DD6合金760℃条件下保持了良好的高温拉伸性能;时效1000 h,抗拉强度仍然大于1000MPa,屈服强度接近900MPa;γ'相的变化对DD6合金760℃条件下的拉伸性能没有明显影响.     

长期时效对DZ406合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ406在900℃长期时效4000h过程中的组织与性能变化.结果表明,随着时效时间的增加,合金中γ'相粗化并筏状化;室温拉伸强度降低,塑性提高,但幅度不大;与热处理态合金980℃/260MPa条件下的持久寿命相比,1000h长期时效后的持久寿命几乎没变化,2000h长期时效后持久寿命下降约14％,3000h与4000h长期时效后的持久寿命降低约24％.DZ406合金经900℃,4000h长期时效处理后,仍具有较高的力学性能.     

DD2单晶合金长期时效后的组织与性能EI

研究了DD2单晶合金经850℃、900℃,1000h、2000h和3000h长期时效后显微组织中的γ'相及合金持久性能。结果表明,DD2单晶合金时效后无任何有害相产生。     

[011]取向DD6单晶高温合金薄壁持久性能

采用薄壁试样研究了760,980,1070℃条件下[011]取向第二代单晶高温合金DD6的持久性能.结果表明:与标准试样(直径5mm)相比,DD6单晶高温合金薄壁试样的持久寿命与之相当.对合金760℃/590MPa,980℃/270MPa及1070℃/270MPa条件下组织分析发现:760℃合金γ’相局部发生变形,98...     

一种第三代单晶高温合金中高温横向持久性能EI北大核心CSCD

研究一种镍基第三代单晶(single crystal,SC)高温合金在760℃/800 MPa,980℃/250 MPa与1100℃/137 MPa条件下的横向持久性能。结果表明:在760℃/800 MPa,980℃/250 MPa与1100℃/137 MPa条件下,该合金横向持久寿命与伸长率均低于纵向;横向与纵向持久断裂后的位错组态特征一致,760℃/800 MPa条件下断裂后γ′相中存在相交的层错,而1100℃/137 MPa条件下断裂后γ/γ′相界面形成位错缠结与高密度位错网;横向与纵向在760℃/800 MPa条件下为类解理断裂与韧窝断裂的混合断裂,而在980℃/250 MPa与1100℃/137 MPa条件下为韧窝断裂;第一代单晶高温合金DD3、第二代单晶高温合金DD6与本研究的第三代单晶高温合金中高温横向持久断裂机制基本一致;外应力方向垂直于定向凝固过程形成的一次枝晶间界面,是横向持久性能低于纵向的主要原因。     

高温热处理对带热障涂层DD6单晶高温合金互扩散行为及持久断裂特征的影响

采用电子束物理气相沉积方法在DD6单晶高温合金基体上制备了热障涂层,带涂层试样首先在1100℃空气气氛中分别进行了50h和100h热处理,然后在980℃/250MPa条件下进行持久实验,研究了持久断裂后合金与黏结层界面的互扩散行为、组织形貌以及断裂特征。结果表明:经过1100℃热处理,合金与黏结层之间的元素发生了互扩散,合金基体中Cr含量增加,而Re,Nb,Mo,Ta等元素向黏结层扩散;随热处理时间的增加,析出的不稳定相数量增多,持久断裂试样γ′相粗化程度增加;1100℃热处理带热障涂层持久断口为韧窝断口,与合金标准试样断口特征类似。     

Anisotropy of Stress Rupture Properties of DD6 Single Crystal Superalloy at 980℃/250MPa Near [001] Orientation

通过不同取向DD6单晶高温合金980℃/250MPa持久测试,研究了取向对980℃持久性能的影响.结果表明:[001]取向偏离主应力轴15°以内,DD6单晶高温合金980℃/250MPa持久寿命相当,没有各向异性.这主要是由于近[001]取向DD6单晶高温合金多个<110>{111}滑移系共同作用的结果.同时,原子扩散造成的γ’筏排和γ/γ’相界面形成的位错网也降低持久性能各向异性.     

近[001]取向DD6单晶高温合金980℃/250MPa持久性能各向异性研究

通过不同取向DD6单晶高温合金980℃/250MPa持久测试,研究了取向对980℃持久性能的影响。结果表明:[001]取向偏离主应力轴15°以内,DD6单晶高温合金980℃/250MPa持久寿命相当,没有各向异性。这主要是由于近[001]取向DD6单晶高温合金多个〈110〉{111}滑移系共同作用的结果。同时,原子扩散造成的γ′筏排和γ/γ′相界面形成的位错网也降低持久性能各向异性。     

一种第三代单晶高温合金中高温横向持久性能

研究一种镍基第三代单晶(single crystal, SC)高温合金在760℃/800 MPa,980℃/250 MPa与1100℃/137 MPa条件下的横向持久性能。结果表明:在760℃/800 MPa,980℃/250 MPa与1100℃/137 MPa条件下,该合金横向持久寿命与伸长率均低于纵向;横向与纵向持久断裂后的位错组态特征一致,760℃/800 MPa条件下断裂后γ′相中存在相交的层错,而1100℃/137 MPa条件下断裂后γ/γ′相界面形成位错缠结与高密度位错网;横向与纵向在760℃/800 MPa条件下为类解理断裂与韧窝断裂的混合断裂,而在980℃/250 MPa与1100℃/137 MPa条件下为韧窝断裂;第一代单晶高温合金DD3、第二代单晶高温合金DD6与本研究的第三代单晶高温合金中高温横向持久断裂机制基本一致;外应力方向垂直于定向凝固过程形成的一次枝晶间界面,是横向持久性能低于纵向的主要原因。     

带有扭转小角度晶界DD6单晶高温合金的横向持久性能EI北大核心

在980℃/250MPa条件下,研究了DD6单晶高温合金扭转小角度晶界的横向持久性能。结果表明,0~4.0°晶界试样与[001]取向试样的持久寿命相近,表明DD6单晶高温合金的横向持久性能优异;4.0°晶界试样持久断裂不为沿晶断裂;随着晶界角度的进一步增大,合金的横向持久性能明显下降,断裂方式为沿晶断裂。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。