共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 801 毫秒
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水资源价值随季节的演变而改变。基于黄河流域水资源的季节价值变化特征,给出了季节价值的定义。以黄河流域典型城市为研究区,采用模糊数学模型,选取水质、降水量、径流量、平均气温和日照时数作为评价因子,评价水资源的季节价值。结果表明:黄河流域水资源价值具有显著的时空变化特征,上游银川水资源价值系数显著大于中、下游,中游郑州水资源价值系数最小;同一河段春季的水资源价值系数最大、夏季水资源价值系数最小,原因是春季水资源匮乏、水资源稀缺程度高,夏季降水量大、黄河径流量较大。综合水价的计算结果同样反映了水资源价值的时空差异性,同一河段夏季的综合水价最低、冬季综合水价最高。综合水价除受水资源价值系数影响外,还与用水成本有关,同一季节除了夏季上游综合水价高于中、下游外,其他季节下游综合水价均高于中、上游综合水价。明确水资源价值的时空变化规律,加快水价改革进程,有利于优化配置水资源,缓解黄河流域水资源短缺状况。 相似文献
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面对我国日益严峻的水资源和水环境形势,解决复杂的水资源问题,迫切需要实行最严格水资源管理制度,推动经济社会发展与水资源和水环境承载能力相协调.本文提出水质监测在水资源管理中的重要性并对如何提升水质监测与服务能力进行了阐述. 相似文献
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在水资源管理过程中,水资源的价值问题是很关键的,它在解决水资源危机中占有举足轻重的地位.影响水资源价值的因素很多,其中时空特点非常重要.通过对水资源时空特点的分析,指出了水资源价值的流向变化,对如何正确利用水资源价值有一定的指导作用. 相似文献
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在中国经济快速增长的过程中,水资源正变得日益稀缺,建设节水高效的现代灌溉农业是农业生产的必由之路。节水灌溉技术可以在不减少作物产量的前提下,减少灌溉水的使用,从而节约水资源。 相似文献
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水资源作为维持人类生存和发展的重要资源,其定价保证了人们合理高效利用水资源.本文针对水资源定价问题展开研究,以东雷二期抽黄为例,采用模糊数学的方法,全面考虑水价制定过程中的影响因素,建立水价模糊综合评价模型,研究水资源价值评价和水价计算.科学制定东雷二期抽黄水资源水价,实现区域水资源高效利用和经济社会全面发展. 相似文献
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Water scarcity and water pollution are severe problems in the Northern part of China, strongly affecting socio-economic development and standards of living and environment. The Shandong province is specifically plagued by water scarcity. In the coastal catchments of the Shandong province the water scarcity is even increased due to saltwater intrusion, reducing the usability of water resources available. The pressing water problems in the costal catchments in the Shandong province and resulting socio-economic troubles forced the Chinese authorities to implement a variety of measures to relieve water scarcity and abate saltwater intrusion. But not much has been achieved so far as the measures are not coordinated in their effects and cost-benefit relations have not been considered sufficiently. Such a situation calls for good, which means integrated, sustainable water management. The assessment of this situation in the project "Flood Control and Groundwater Recharge in Coastal Catchments" financed by the German Ministry of Research and Education is presented. Further objectives and first ideas for an IWRM-concept are explained. These ideas are based on concepts developed in Germany in the context of the fulfilment of the European Water Framework Directive. 相似文献
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基于新疆1999-2014年统计资料,采用自下而上的水足迹概化方法,以水资源匮乏指标、水资源压力指数和水足迹经济效益为指标分析评价了区域的水资源承载力水平。结果表明:水资源承载力各指标均呈增长趋势,且水资源匮乏指标于2014年(枯水年)增长至1.03,表明水资源严重匮乏。建议在满足生态要求和粮食安全的前提下,调整农作物种植比例,增加低耗水高产值的工业产品生产,并通过跨区域调水和贸易来缓解区域水资源承载压力。 相似文献
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利用WLPS系统净化污水技术研究与示范 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
河北省元氏县农业水资源严重不足,县城污水年排放量335万m^3,按《农田灌溉水质标准》属超标水质。利用WLPS系统处理,水质净化效果显著。对污灌后的农产品品质以及土壤环境质量进行了监测和预测评价分析。 相似文献
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Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lake Poopo Basin, Bolivia 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
Andrés Calizaya Oliver Meixner Lars Bengtsson Ronny Berndtsson 《Water Resources Management》2010,24(10):2267-2289
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a relatively new approach in Bolivia. However, it is now generally accepted that this approach needs to be established in order to find sustainable solutions for development and is actively promoted by the Water Ministry, especially in environmentally fragile regions, such as the Lake Poopo basin. The Lake Poopo basin is one of the poorest regions in the Bolivian Altiplano. It is confronted with severe water scarcity during the dry season, leading to low water quality, a high water-poverty index and low values of the watershed sustainability index. Furthermore, salinization and environmental degradation of soil and water are forcing people to migrate to urban areas. These are some of the factors underlying an ever-increasing complexity in integrated water resources management in the region. This paper proposes and develops a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in the Lake Poopo basin, based on economic, social and environmental criteria in an uncertain decision environment in order to support stakeholders in managing their water resources. Saaty’s analytical hierarchy process (AHP) theory is applied here to solve the MCDA and to identify the alternatives using the highest expected utility value. The paper identifies the best solutions for existing conflicts, while promoting interaction with stakeholders and instruments in order to reach a sustainable strategy for water resources management in this water-scarce region. 相似文献
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基于WEI+的流域水资源短缺分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了分析我国各流域的水资源短缺现状,引入欧盟开发改进的水资源开发利用系数(Water Exploitation Index Plus,简称WEI+),以全国10个水资源一级区作为研究对象,计算2003-2012年各水资源一级区的水资源短缺情况。结果表明①WEI+指数最小的是西南诸河区,其均值为1.9%;WEI+指数最大的是海河区,其均值为130%;且南方4区的WEI+指数均小于北方6区,说明我国北方比南方面临更为严重的水资源短缺问题。②南方4区的WEI+指数在2003-2012年间波动不大,而北方6区的WEI+指数波动剧烈;大部分地区的WEI+指数均呈现出下降趋势,这说明区域的水资源短缺情况有所缓解。③WEI+指数与流域水利水电开发利用程度在空间上的分布规律基本类似,这说明WEI+指数能够有效反映区域的水资源短缺情况。 相似文献
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P. Heyns 《国际水资源开发杂志》1995,11(4):467-492
Water scarcity is a common phenomenon in Namibia and all future development relies on access to the available international perennial rivers bordering the country. The principle that water resources must be managed on a regional basis is well established in Namibia and several technical water commissions have been established between Namibia and its neighbours to provide a forum for regional collaboration on water matters. The value of the work of these commissions lies not only in the technical objectives but also in mutual trust, and understanding between those commission members representing the expectations and concerns of each basin state. The purpose of this article is to describe the salient features of regional collaboration on river basin development from the Namibian perspective. 相似文献
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水资源属性与水资源问题强相关分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水资源是基础性自然资源,既有自然资源共有的特征,又有着区别于其他自然资源之特性,具有稀缺性、整体性、地域性、社会性、流动性、基础性、时限性、两重性等,表现为"复杂"的自然属性和"公共"的社会属性。现实中日趋严重的水资源问题(水资源短缺、污染、浪费,生态环境恶化)与水资源属性强相关,应运用复合系统观念和方法解决水资源问题。 相似文献