Fe_3O_4/介孔碳复合体的合成及其处理罗丹明B废水的应用

以介孔SBA-15为硬模板,利用硝酸铁和蔗糖一步浸渍的方法,通过纳米刻蚀合成了Fe3O4与介孔碳纳米粒子复合体（Fe3O4/介孔碳复合体）,对复合体进行吸附有机染料罗丹明B的磁性分离研究,实验表明,Fe3O4/介孔碳复合体有较好的吸附分离性能。     

近单分散介孔SiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2微球的制备及漆酶固定化

以自制近单分散、平均粒径约为250 nm的SiO2亚微球为核心,采用液相沉积法得到β-FeOOH/SiO2微球,再通过溶胶-凝胶法以β-FeOOH/SiO2微球为内核,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,经水解缩聚反应,焙烧后得到近单分散介孔SiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2微球,以复合微球为载体,对漆酶进行固定。结果表明,近单分散介孔SiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2复合微球的介孔层厚约40 nm,具有较大的饱和磁化强度(14.715 emu/g),较小的剩余矫顽力(约为109Oe),其比表面积为391.067 m2/g,孔容为0.53 cm3/g,孔径分别在5.43 nm和20～80 nm,呈现双孔径分布。复合微球吸附漆酶后,介孔材料的比表面积与孔容分别减小为103 m2/g和0.37 cm3/g,复合微球对漆酶的吸附量为202.6 mg/g。     

磁性可控MWNTs/SDS/Fe_3O_4纳米复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附研究

通过变动Fe、C的摩尔比,利用非共价的方式,借助于表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)将Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子定量地修饰到多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)的表面,制备出MWNTs/SDS/Fe3O4纳米复合材料。结果表明,随着Fe、C摩尔比中Fe的百分含量升高,磁性复合材料的饱和磁化强度相应增大,所以可以通过改变铁碳比来制备磁性可控的纳米磁性复合材料。另外,MWNTs/SDS/Fe3O4纳米复合材料的吸附实验表明,对亚甲基蓝染料溶液有较高的吸附效率,作为一种磁性材料,利用永磁体,可以轻易地将吸附完成后的纳米复合材料从染料溶液中分离出来,重新收集后循环利用。     

Fe3O4@m-SiO2磁性纳米颗粒的制备及其药物缓释行为

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe3O4@m-SiO2磁性纳米颗粒,通过乙醇回流法或煅烧法去除模板剂分别获得了单介孔和双介孔磁性纳米颗粒。利用X射线衍射、Fourier变换红外光谱、Zeta电位仪、透射电子显微镜、低温氮吸附比表面测试仪和振动样品磁强计对其物相、结构和性能进行了表征。选用维生素B12为模型药物,研究了两种介孔材料的药物缓释行为。结果表明:Fe3O4@m-SiO2磁性纳米颗粒尺寸在60～80 nm之间;单介孔和双介孔磁性纳米颗粒的比饱和磁化强度和药物装载量分别达到51、55 A.m2/kg和104.5、110.3 mg/g;在药物缓释过程中,两种介孔材料的释药量均达到80%以上,其中,单介孔材料更有利于药物缓释。     

纳米Fe3O4对沼液MFC产电特性与有机物降解影响

为了提高微生物燃料电池（MFC）对沼液中有机质的降解和产电效率，将纳米Fe3O4与MFC结合，对比研究了纳米Fe3O4以Fe3O4@生物炭和Fe3O4@碳毡两种不同介入方式对MFC性能的影响。结果表明，两种方式均可成功启动MFC，且产电效率远高于无纳米Fe3O4介入的空白实验，最高电压分别为699和707 mV，最高电压均持续时间长达10 d。Fe3O4@碳毡与Fe3O4@生物炭介入下MFC最大功率密度分别为700和578 mW/m2，相较于未使用纳米Fe3O4的MFC提高了43%和31%。将Fe3O4@碳毡作为阳极电极得到的化学需氧量（COD）降解率最高，为51.76%；直接投加Fe3O4@生物炭对NH4+-N的降解影响最大，投加Fe3O4@生物炭后NH4+-N含量由（6800.14±57.86） mg/L降至（689.14±37.29） mg/L，NH4+-N降解率达到89.87%。纳米Fe3O4参与的MFC微生物群落结构合理，两种介入方式均刺激了主要水解细菌梭菌纲（Clostridia）的生长富集。随着纳米Fe3O4的位置变化，Clostridia的相对丰度在以Fe3O4@生物炭和Fe3O4@碳毡介入的MFC中分别达到61.11%、50.98%。二者的电活化细菌中β-变形菌纲（Betaproteobacteria）含量最高，并且在反应后碳毡上发现了反硝化细菌芽孢八叠球菌属（Sporosarcina）。     

一步水热制备凹凸棒石/Fe_3O_4/炭复合材料吸附剂

以硫酸亚铁铵、葡萄糖和凹凸棒石为原料,采用一步水热法制备了凹凸棒石/Fe3O4/炭纳米复合材料,研究了氨水加入量和水热时间对材料微观结构、磁性能和吸附性能的影响,并与凹凸棒石、凹凸棒石/炭和凹凸棒石/Fe3O4进行对比分析。结果表明:由于氨水的加入,硫酸亚铁铵沉淀为纳米Fe3O4颗粒,负载于凹凸棒石表面;葡萄糖炭化为无定形炭负载于凹凸棒石表面。随着氨水加入量的增多和反应时间的延长,复合材料中Fe3O4含量相应增加,磁化率迅速增加。不同材料(凹凸棒石、凹凸棒石/炭、凹凸棒石/Fe3O4和凹凸棒石/Fe3O4/炭)的磁性能和吸附性能的对比分析表明:碳的负载有效改善了材料对有机污染物苯酚的吸附性能,Fe3O4则赋予材料磁性能。凹凸棒石/Fe3O4/炭对苯酚的去除率(57%)远高于未改性凹凸棒石,并可以从液相中磁分离。     

介孔Fe2O3的化学沉淀法制备及其吸附性能

采用气-液化学沉淀法制备介孔Fe2O3纳米粒子。通过平衡实验,研究了Fe2O3对刚果红的吸附热力学和动力学性能。结果表明,Fe2O3对刚果红的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,且温度越高,吸附量越大。计算后得到的参数表明介孔Fe2O3对刚果红的吸附过程是一种自发的、吸热过程。同时,在6 h内,即可对35 mg/L刚果红溶液达到平衡,Fe2O3对刚果红的吸附动力学符合二级吸附动力学模型,主要以化学吸附为主。     

表面活性剂改性Fe3O4对As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的吸附（急）

利用三种构型的阳离子表面活性剂〔十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、二亚甲基-1,2-二(N-十二烷基-N，N-二甲基溴化铵) (Gemini 12-2-12)和溴化十烃季胺(Bola)〕分别修饰Fe3O4纳米颗粒，制得Fe3O4@CTAB、Fe3O4@Gemini和Fe3O4@Bola纳米颗粒(三者统称Fe3O4@surfactants)。将其用于水中As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的处理。通过XRD、TEM、FTIR和磁性测量系统(VSM)对其形貌进行了表征，同时对As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的吸附进行吸附动力学、吸附等温模型拟合和吸附行为研究，并考察了Fe3O4@surfactants的吸附-解吸再生循环性能及结构稳定性。结果表明，Fe3O4@surfactants对As(Ⅴ)的吸附效果均高于As(Ⅲ)，吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型，且Gemini 12-2-12表面活性剂所修饰的Fe3O4纳米颗粒的吸附容量最大。该吸附过程的吸附驱动力主要来自阳离子表面活性剂分子在固液界面的排列行为、表面活性剂头基与阴离子的静电作用以及尾链与As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)之间的配位作用。以去除效率较高的As(Ⅴ)进行循环实验，经过5次吸附-解吸循环实验后，Fe3O4@surfactants对As(Ⅴ)的吸附率依然维持在85%左右，且纳米颗粒回收率均在90%以上。     

无惰性气体保护Fe3O4纳米球的超声法制备及表征

在无惰性气体保护、不添加表面活性剂、超声处理条件下加入亚硫酸钠,采用化学共沉淀结合超声辅助法制备纳米四氧化三铁,经X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和材料综合性能测量系统等对产物进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的样品为反尖晶石结构的Fe3O4纳米球,平均粒径约为15 nm,饱和磁化强度最高达75.49 emu/g;n(Fe3+)/n(Fe2+)比率、沉淀剂和Na2SO3对磁性都具有明显的影响;该Fe3O4纳米球具有优良的水中Hg2+的吸附去除率,在吸附60 min后,最高可达99%,显示出很强的纳米效应,是一种具有较好应用前景的Hg2+吸附剂。     

微乳液法制备Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米粒子

采用多元醇还原法制备出平均粒径为6.0 nm的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,以此磁性纳米粒子为核,在OP-10/正丁醇/环己烷/浓氨水反向微乳体系中制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,通过XRD,TEM,VSM对复合粒子进行性能表征。结果表明,采用微乳液法能够制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,并且包覆后比饱和磁化强度有所下降,但矫顽力仍趋近于0,显示超顺磁性。     

Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-C_7H_7SO_3~--LDHs催化剂的制备

以尿素为沉淀剂,柠檬酸钠为络合剂,采用均相沉淀法制备Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs。以制备的Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs为前驱体,分别与Na Cl和对甲苯磺酸钠进行离子交换反应得到Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-C_7H_7SO_3~--LDHs新型催化剂,成功实现对甲苯磺酸根负载Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-LDHs。研究表明,Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-C_7H_7SO_3~--LDHs为介孔材料,比表面积为165.6 m~2·g~(-1),平均孔径为14.7 nm,较大比表面积和空隙结构增强了其吸附性能和催化活性。     

Dielectric relaxation and resistive switching of Bi0.96Sr0.04Fe0.98Co0.02O3/CoFe2O4 thin films with different thicknesses of the Bi0.96Sr0.04Fe0.98Co0.02O3 layer

Bi_0.96Sr_0.04Fe_0.98Co_0.02O₃/CoFe₂O₄(BSFCO/CFO) bilayered thin films with different thicknesses of the BSFCO layer are synthesized on FTO/glass substrates by chemical solution deposition method (CSD). The influence of BSFCO thickness on the microstructure, dielectric relaxation, ferroelectric properties and resistive switching (RS) of the thin films are researched. Strain exists in the prepared thin films and gives rise to structural distortion, which has an effect on charged defects and ferroelectric polarization. Dielectric relaxation that is closely related to the interfacial polarization at the BSFCO/CFO interface is observed, and the dielectric loss peaks along with decreasing intensity shift to high frequency with decreasing strain. The Maxwell-Wagner two-layer model is adopted to investigate the mechanism of dielectric relaxation, and the relaxation time τ is calculated and it shown to be directly proportional to the strain. It is found that the dielectric properties, including low dielectric loss, can be improved by controlling the BSFCO layer thickness. The ferroelectric properties improve with the decreasing strain, the 12-BSFCO/CFO thin film possesses a large P_r ~ 102.9?μC/cm² at 660?kV/cm. The observed resistive switching (RS) behavior is attributed to the interfacial conduction mechanism, it is found that strain-dependent the ferroelectric polarization switching modulates the width of depletion layer and the height of potential barrier at the interface, resulting in the different resistance states.     

Composite cathodes of La0.9Ca0.1Ni0.5Co0.5O3-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 for solid oxide fuel cells

The mixed ionic and electronic conductors of La_0.9Ca_0.1Ni_0.5Co_0.5O₃-Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 (LCNC-SDC) are investigated systematically for potential application as a cathode for solid oxide fuel cells based on a Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 (SDC) electrolyte. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are performed in air over the temperature range of 600-850 °C to determine the cathode polarization resistance. The exchange current densities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), determined from the low-field cyclic voltammetry, high-field cyclic voltammetry, and EIS data are systematically investigated. The activation energies (E_a) for ORR determined from the slope of Arrhenius plots are in the range of 102.33-150.73 kJ mol⁻¹ for LCNC-SDC composite cathodes. The experimental results found that LCNC-SDC (70:30) composite cathode has a maximum exchange current density and a minimum polarization resistance of 0.30 Ω cm² for 850 °C among LCNC-SDC composite cathodes.     

Preparation and characterization of Cr2O3-TiO2-Al2O3-V2O5 green pigment

Green pigments with high near infrared reflectance based on a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition have been synthesized. Cr₂O₃ was used as the host component and mixtures of TiO₂, Al₂O₃ and V₂O₅ were used as the guest components. TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and V₂O₅ were mixed into 39 different compositions. The spectral reflectance and the distribution of pigment powder were determined using a spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. It was found that a pigment powder sample S9 with a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition of 80, 4, 14 and 2 wt%, respectively, gives a maximum near infrared solar reflectance of 82.8% compared with 49.0% for pure Cr₂O₃. The dispersion of pigment powders in a ceramic glaze was also studied. The results show that the pigment powder sample S9 is suitable for use as a coating material for ceramic-based roofs.     

Effects of Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass on the low-temperature sintering of Zn0.15Nb0.3Ti0.55O2 ceramics

The influences of Li₂O-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glass (LBS) on the activation energy, phase composition, the stability of the structure and microwave dielectric properties of Zn_0.15Nb_0.3Ti_0.55O₂ ceramics have been systematically investigated. LBS glass acted as flux former and contributed to the reactive liquid-phase sintering mechanism, which remarkably lowed the sintering temperature from 1150?°C to 900?°C and enhanced the shrinkage and densification of ceramic at the low sintering temperatures. The ceramics with 1.5?wt% LBS glass sintered at 900?°C for 3?h show great properties: ε_r = 73.59, Q × f = 8024?GHz, τ_f = 270.54?ppm/°C.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–K0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–SrTiO3陶瓷的准同型相界与电性能

采用固相法制备了 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–K0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–SrTiO3（NBT–KBT–BT–ST）陶瓷,该体系是按（1–2x）（0.8NBT–0.2KBT）–x（0.94NBT–0.06BT）–x（0.74NBT–0.26ST） （x = 0.10、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40、0.45）组合而成的,研究了该系陶瓷的结构与电性能。结果表明：所有样品都处于三方–四方准同型相界区域。该系陶瓷在准同型相界附近表现出了优异的压电性能,压电常数 d33、机电耦合系数 kp和剩余极化强度 Pr随 x 的增加先升高后降低,其中 x=0.35 陶瓷的电性能最佳：d33= 210 pC/N,kp= 0.319,Pr= 39.3 μC/cm2,Ec= 20.2 kV/cm,是一种良好的无铅压电陶瓷候选材料。依据准同型相界组成的线性组合规律来寻找具有优异压电性能的 NBT–KBT–BT–ST 陶瓷准同型相界组成是可行的。     

High piezoelectric coefficient of Pr2O3-doped Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 ceramics

Pr₂O₃-doped Ba_0.85Ca_0.15Ti_0.90Zr_0.10O₃ (BCTZ-xPr) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state method. A tetragonal phase is only observed in these ceramics, and the introduction of Pr₂O₃ decreases their sintering temperature without affecting negatively the piezoelectric constant. Enhanced ferroelectric properties were obtained in these BCTZ-xPr ceramics. The ceramic with x=0.06 wt% exhibits a good electrical behavior of d₃₃∼460 pC/N, k_p∼47.6%, ε_r∼4638, and tan δ∼0.015 when sintered at a low temperature of ∼1400 °C. As a result, the BCTZ-xPr ceramic is a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.     

A bi-layered composite cathode of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-YSZ and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-La0.4Ce0.6O1.8 for IT-SOFCs

A bi-layered composite cathode of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ (LSM)-YSZ and LSM-La_0.4Ce_0.6O_1.8 (LDC) was fabricated for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with a thin YSZ electrolyte film. The cell with the bi-layered composite cathode displayed better performance than the cell with the corresponding single-layered composite cathode of LSM-LDC or LSM-YSZ. At 650 °C, the cell with the bi-layered composite cathode gave a higher maximum power density than the cells with the single-layered LSM-LDC and LSM-YSZ composite cathodes, by 52% and 175%, respectively. The impedance spectra results show that the thin LSM-YSZ interlayer not only improves the cathode/electrolyte interface but also reduces the polarization resistance of the cathode. The activation energy for oxygen reduction on the bi-layered composite cathode is much smaller than that on LSM-YSZ composite cathode, and it is suggested that the special redox property of Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ in LDC facilitates the oxygen reduction process on the bi-layered composite cathode. The cell with the bi-layered composite cathode operated quite stably during a 100 h run.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.