基于企业对安全专业人才的需求谈高校人才培养

随着经济和社会的发展,安全工程专业的人才培养工作变得越来越重要,本文结合安全工程专业的学科特色以及企业对安全工程专业毕业生的述求,阐述了安全工程专业人才必须掌握的业务、能力和素质。并对安全专业人才需求的特性进行了分析,给出了人才培养的若干对策措施,有望实现企业需求与高校人才培养有效对接,加强大学生从业适应性和实用性。     

以化工行业为背景的安全工程专业人才培养体系探析

目前国内外安全学科人才培养模式存在较大差异,西方发达国家的安全学科人才培养体系强调淡化行业差异,所培养的人才广泛适用于各个行业。我国的安全学科本科教育发展时间较短,开设该专业的各院校在人才培养上多数具有鲜明的行业特色。常熟理工学院在制定安全工程本科专业人才培养方案过程中吸取了这两种培养模式的优点,构建了厚基础、宽专业又兼具化工行业特色的安全工程专业人才培养体系     

师范院校中应用型本科专业人才培养方案实施过程中存在的问题及对策研究

随着我国高校整合的一体化,越来越多的师范院校中开设了应用型本科专业,这些专业的开设,可以拓宽学校的招生范围,增加毕业生的就业面,为地区经济发展和社会进步做出贡献。同时,应用型专业大多是工科类专业,会与传统师范院校的教学过程、培养模式产生巨大的冲击,办学过程中会遇到许多难题。本文依托包头师范学院校级教学改革课题,针对近10年来本校应用化学专业在招生、人才培养、毕业生就业等方面的相关问题进行了归纳整理,提出了可能的对策和方法,以期对后续的办学过程以及其他院校的培养过程有参考意义。     

具有农业特色安全工程的教学改革初探

以培养复合型的安全工程技术人才为目标,依托农业和环境专业为背景,结合农业特色的安全工程专业设置,从安全检测技术的授课过程出发,本文通过对安全检测技术课程的教学研究,提出了教学过程中存在的一些教学问题,并从教学方法,教学内容,以及教学手段方面进行改革,以提高教师教学质量和效果,增加学生上课学习的效率。     

环境工程专业的特色教育探索

根据环保产业发展、环境工程专业特点以及各高校办学方法的分析,探索大连海事大学环境工程专业的特色发展路径,即以学科优势为特色。在通识教育的基础上,将海洋和港航环境保护的特色内容体现在理论教学中。然后,依托学科的发展,建立有特色的高起点的实践教学平台,培养学生的实践和创新能力,逐级教改,并以制度保障特色办学。     

我国新能源材料与器件专业培养方案对比研究

为了深入探索我国不同地区高校新能源材料与器件专业人才培养方案的内在联系与差异,文章 通过文献查阅、网络查询获取国内部分高校该专业的人才培养方案,并按地区进行对比和分析。分析结果表明,各高校能结合区域经济发展的特点、行业背景、学科定位制定人才培养方案,但受专业所依托的院系教学基础的影响,各高校在课程设置上存在较大的差别,彰显了各自的办学特色。本研究结果可为我国新能源材料与器件专业的课程设置、人才培养提供参考。     

新工科与新商科融合发展的化工专业改造探索——以重庆工商大学为例

面对新兴产业和新经济的需求,地方高校化工专业结合办学实际开展专业改造,主动探索新工科建设模式,对培养推动区域经济发展和产业转型升级的工程技术人才具有重要意义。作者分析了重庆工商大学化工专业面临的主要挑战以及新工科建设实践基础,依托学校大商科优势,提出了以资源循环化工为专业方向的新工科与新商科融合发展的化工专业改造举措,以期为探索“新化工”之路提供参考。     

安全工程专业力学课程教学内容探讨

本文对国内外高校安全工程专业的发展历程和现状进行了分析,指出我国安全工程专业应具有较强的工科背景,以满足国家工业生产及建设的需要。同时,力学作为工科专业的基础,在相关课程设置中应受到重视。为构建科学的安全工程专业人才培养模式,本文针对目前一些院校安全工程专业力学课程教学中存在的问题,提出了一些参考建议。     

应用型大学材料物理专业定位、建设与发展的探索——洛阳理工学院为例

新材料产业的快速发展刺激了材料物理专业人才需求的快速增长,本文通过分析国内高校材料物理专业现状,明确我校材料物理专业坚持工学特色,立足于新能源材料行业,服务地方经济发展的需求。指出材料物理建设与发展过程中应着重培养学生工程实践能力、综合能力和创新意识,依托光伏和锂离子电池行业发展方向和产业动态调整培养方案促进材料物理专业水平的全面提升,从而实现高水平应用型大学的建设目标。     

国家特色专业课程安全人机工程双语教学之探索

南京工业大学安全工程专业是国家首批特色专业。为了专业特色发展和培养国际交流型复合人才的需要,课程双语教学不失为一种重要手段。笔者以所开设的安全人机工程双语教学实践为基础,对安全工程专业基础课程的双语教学进行了探索,分析了双语教学过程中的误区,探讨了确保双语教学效果的几个要点。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.