CdS/TiO2复合空心微球的制备与表征

以自制的苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(PSA)乳胶粒为模板,先在其表面上沉积一层CdS,再沉积一层Ti(OH)4,制得PSA/CdS/Ti(OH)4核壳复合结构的微球,核壳结构的微球经焙烧后得到CdS/TiO2复合空心微球.用XRD、TEM和SEM对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征.     

以表面负载羧酸型苯/丙乳胶粒为模板制备ZrO2空心球壳

以聚C9-马来酸酐为乳化剂制备了粒径为400nm表面带有羧基的聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯阴离子乳胶粒(PSA),并以此为模板,用直接包覆法制得了450 nm～500nm ZrO2空心球壳.所制备的样品采用FT-IR,XRD,TEM和SEM等进行了表征.结果表明在适宜的条件下可以使水合氧化锆纳米粒子通过静电引力在乳胶粒表面形成光滑的核壳结构.在600℃煅烧后制得由约为17 nm的粒子堆成的ZrO2空心球壳.用Zeta电位法推测了水合金属氧化物纳米粒子在PSA乳胶粒表面形成球壳的机理,预测了利用直接包覆法形成核/壳结构的最佳条件.     

纳米TiO2包覆SiO2粒子的制备与表征

以微乳法制备的SiO2凝胶粒子(100℃干燥)为核,通过溶胶-凝胶工艺包覆纳米TiO2层,并对纳米TiO2包覆SiO2粒子进行相组成和结构表征.实验结果表明纳米TiO2包覆SiO2所形成的复合粒子的粒径为250 nm左右,其中纳米TiO2包覆壳层较均匀,厚度约为20 nm～40 nm.随煅烧温度的提高(550℃→850℃),包覆纳米TiO2壳层的晶粒尺寸可控制在20 nm以下,且为锐钛矿晶型结构.XPS和FT-IR证实所制备的纳米TiO2壳层与所包覆的SiO2粒子之间形成了Ti-O-Si化学键合.     

Fabrication of Mono-dispersed Hollow Titania Nanospheres with Enhanced Photocatalytic Property

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体经溶胶凝胶反应制备了TiO2/PS复合微球,并经高温煅烧得到单分散中空TiO2纳米微球。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-VIS DRS)对复合和中空微球的结构和光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明,经高温煅烧后TiO2中空微球尺寸相对于复合微球收缩了约25%,其粒径约为100 nm;中空微球壳层厚度可随钛酸丁酯用量而变化,壳层呈锐钛矿和金红石混晶结构,同时中空微球表现出比P25纳米TiO2更强的甲基橙光降解特性。     

单分散中空TiO_2纳米微球制备及光催化性能研究（英文）

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体经溶胶凝胶反应制备了TiO2/PS复合微球,并经高温煅烧得到单分散中空TiO2纳米微球。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-VIS DRS)对复合和中空微球的结构和光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明,经高温煅烧后TiO2中空微球尺寸相对于复合微球收缩了约25%,其粒径约为100 nm;中空微球壳层厚度可随钛酸丁酯用量而变化,壳层呈锐钛矿和金红石混晶结构,同时中空微球表现出比P25纳米TiO2更强的甲基橙光降解特性。     

均相沉淀模板法制备纳米Y2O3空心球研究

以粒径约150 nm的碳球为模板,通过均相沉淀法制备出Y(OH)3/碳球复合微球,煅烧除去碳球模板,得到粒径约300 nm的纳米Y2O3空心球。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热失重分析(TG)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段表征复合微球和纳米Y2O3空心球的形貌和结构。结果表明:空心球由立方晶系纳米Y2O3构成,粒径约为300 nm,壳厚度约为20 nm。     

原位一步法合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子

采用原位法在低温下一步合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子,并采用XRD,TEM和UV光谱研究了Ag-Fe2O3核壳纳米复合材料的结构。结果表明,纳米银粒子表面被Fe2O3层包覆,Ag核的平均粒径大约为35nm,Fe2O3壳层平均厚度约为7.5nm或15nm,形成了核壳结构的电磁复合纳米粒子。在室温下,饱和磁化强度达到0.98(A·m2)·kg-1,矫顽力8.48×103A/m;Ag/Fe2O3核壳粒子的导电率达到0.62S/cm。通过此法可以比较容易的控制核和壳的尺寸以及复合粒子的单分散性,并得到较高的产率,在催化剂、医药、光电等领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

非均相沉淀-煅烧法制备La2O3包覆ZrC纳米复合粉末

以La(NO3)3.6H2O、氨水和ZrC为原料,采用非均相沉淀-煅烧法制备La2O3包覆ZrC复合粉末。采用XRD、SEM、EDS等检测方法,对包覆前驱体粉末和La2O3/ZrC复合粉末的成分、结构和组织均匀性进行表征。结果表明:前驱体粉末在750℃下煅烧2 h后,全部转化为La2O3,粉末为近球形,未发生长大;La2O3/ZrC复合粉末的粒径为60～80 nm;包覆后粉末的Zeta电位由48.28 mV变为5.376 mV,ZrC被连续且均匀的La2O3纳米级壳体层包覆。     

载荷对钛合金Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

为了提高耐摩擦磨损性能,采用磁控溅射技术在γTiAl钛合金表面制备了Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层。检测了涂层的厚度、表面硬度、微观组织和成分变化。通过在130g、230g和330g载荷下采用GCr15钢球作摩擦副进行的摩擦磨损试验,研究了有和无复合涂层的γTiAl合金的耐摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的厚度约为33μm,由Al2O3Y2O3层、AlY层和扩散层组成,平均表面硬度为433.4HV0.1。带复合涂层的γTiAl合金摩擦因数和比磨损率均比无涂层γTiAl合金的小。在不同的摩擦磨损试验载荷下,无涂层γTiAl合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,而有Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的γTiAl合金则主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

超重力下燃烧合成Al_2O_3/ZrO_2(4Y)成分、结构与性能

通过在铝热剂中引入ZrO2(4Y)粉末,以超重力下燃烧合成技术,制备出不同成分与结构的Al2O3/ZrO2(4Y)大体积新型复合陶瓷板材,并研究了复合陶瓷成分、显微结构与力学性能之间的关系。XRD、SEM与EDS表明,Al2O3/33ZrO2(4Y)是以取向各异且纳微米t-ZrO2纤维呈三角对称镶嵌其上的棒状共晶团为基,且周围分布着t-ZrO2微米球晶;同时,Al2O3/40ZrO2(4Y)则以t-ZrO2微米球晶为基,周围分布着不规则形状的α-Al2O3晶及少量的共晶团组织。相比于国外定向凝固Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3),试验Al2O3/33ZrO2(4Y)强硬性的提高可归因于材料的高致密性、小尺寸缺陷及残余压应力增韧、相变增韧机制所导致的高断裂韧度;同时,Al2O3/40ZrO2(4Y)虽在硬度上有所下降,但在弯曲强度与断裂韧度却分别提高了19.0%与311.1%,故材料的强化可认为是因t-ZrO2微米球晶基体所具有的小尺寸缺陷及相变增韧与微裂纹增韧机制所诱发的高断裂韧度所致。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.