屠宰废水处理工程实例分析

采用"混凝气浮+回转射流污泥床+曝气生物滤池+混凝沉淀"工艺处理肉联厂屠宰废水,出水水质达到《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》。工程实践表明,该处理系统具有处理效果稳定、运行费用低等特点。     

新形势下800kt/a硫磺制酸装置的设计回顾

结合当前硫酸工业发展的新形势,介绍了大峪口化工800 kt/a硫磺制酸装置的设计。装置采用"3+2"二转二吸工艺,配套建没了低温热回收系统(HRS),并增加了开车尾吸系统和熔硫废气处理装置。详细介绍了在环境保护、资源综合利用及节能、新材料应用等方面的设计考虑。     

城市污泥高级厌氧消化工程案例

针对我国污水处理厂污泥传统厌氧消化降解率较低、产气率低的问题,采用了一种先进的"污泥热水解+高含固厌氧消化+脱水+干化+沼气干式脱硫"组合处理工艺。工程运行结果表明,系统抗冲击能力强、运行效果良好,厌氧消化段污泥含固率可达10%以上,平均VS降解率高于42%,沼气产率约为0.37 m~3/(kg VS_(投加)),即0.88 m~3/(kg VS_(去除))。     

成都市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理现状分析

为了解成都市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理系统存在的问题,对已正式投入运营的3座垃圾焚烧发电厂进行了调研,对比了"预处理+中温UBF+A/O-MBR+超滤"、"预处理+中温UASB+A/O-MBR+超滤+纳滤"、"预处理+中温UBF+A~2/O~2-MBR+超滤+纳滤"3种处理工艺,分析了三厂的渗滤液处理系统所存在的问题,并提出了结合厌氧(UASB/UBF)、好氧MBR、膜处理(DTRO/NF+RO)单元的渗滤液组合处理工艺及膜浓缩液资源化或减量处理的优化建议。以期对成都市已有和拟建焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理系统的建设及运行管理有所作用。     

“1+1”粗煤泥精细分级工艺在古城选煤厂的应用

古城煤矿选煤厂原粗煤泥分级工艺存在分级效率低、煤泥水"跑粗"及粗煤泥灰分超标等问题;采用"1+1"粗煤泥精细分级工艺改造后,分级效率达到82.72%,改善了煤泥水系统"跑粗"问题,企业每年可多回收精煤2.2万t,创造了较好的经济效益。     

循环流化床锅炉超低排放（低氮燃烧+SNCR）探索及实践

山东省某化工企业现有3台循环流化床锅炉,近几年来历经了两轮减排技改,锅炉排放烟气中的SO_2、烟尘指标已达超低排放要求,影响烟气达标排放的主要污染物是NO_X。为此,在对国内脱硝工艺和市场深入考察调研的基础上,综合考虑诸多因素,最终选取"低氮燃烧+SNCR"优化组合脱硝工艺于2019年9—10月先行对3#锅炉实施了超低排放改造。3#锅炉改造后的运行考核结果表明,烟气NO_X排放指标达到《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(DB 37/664—2019)超低排放要求。鉴于"低氮燃烧+SNCR"优化组合工艺投资低、施工周期短、不增加占地、系统运行安全可靠、节能减排效益显著的技术优势,目前该企业正在对1#、 2#锅炉实施同样的改造。实践表明,"低氮燃烧+SNCR"优化组合脱硝工艺尤其适用于未预留脱硝装置场地的老锅炉改造,可作为中小型循环流化床锅炉脱硝超低排放技改的首选工艺路线。     

电镀废水的回用及零排放处理

根据电镀废水的水质水量特点,设计采用"化学预处理+膜系统+蒸发结晶"工艺处理电镀废水。工程稳定运行后,预处理系统出水Cr6+的质量浓度可以低至0.13 mg/L;每天产生的回用水约225 t,电导率可达424μS/cm,水质达到HB 5472-91C类水标准。水处理费用约为9.7元/t,经济效益较好;系统运行稳定,自动化程度高,能真正实现电镀废水零排放。     

膜法用于高盐再生水回用的工程实例

介绍了双膜法(UF+RO)工艺处理山东某高盐再生水回用项目。采用"接触氧化系统+絮凝沉淀系统+均质滤料系统"的预处理过程和"超滤+反渗透"的深度处理工艺。实际运行结果表明,系统脱盐率大于99%,产水电导小于50μS/cm,回收率大于75%,出水满足GB/T 19923-2005的敞开式循环冷却水系统补充水和锅炉水补水标准。整个工艺安全可靠、管理方便、运行稳定。     

焦化行业VOCs深度综合治理方案研究

焦化行业作为煤化工行业的重要组成部分,随着我国VOCs减排行动的持续深入推进,焦化行业VOCs废气的深度综合治理势在必行。笔者简述了焦化行业VOCs废气的来源和组成,以案例形式研究了焦化化产废气和焦化污水处理系统废气的适用治理技术,明确了化产区域冷鼓、脱硫、硫铵工段废气"油洗+水洗+蒸汽加热+焦炉燃烧"治理,粗苯工段废气"负压回收"治理、苯储槽大小呼吸及装车逸散气"深冷冷凝回收+活性炭吸附真空脱附+装车蒸汽平衡"回收技术及污水处理系统废气"酸洗+碱洗+生物滤池+焦炭吸附"治理的工艺路线。焦化VOCs废气的深度综合治理对于提升大气污染防治水平,改善区域大气环境质量意义重大。     

炼厂吸收稳定新工艺探讨

针对吸收稳定系统"干气不干"、液化气收率低的问题,通过分析现有工艺存在的问题,提出了解吸塔再平衡工艺技术,并进行了模拟计算和水力学分析,验证了工艺技术的可行性。研究表明,新工艺技术可降低干气中C+3组分体积分数,提高液化气收率,经济效益显著。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.