服务集合型与整体型网格的比较分析

在分布计算领域,网格计算为跨越组织的、协同式的、大量的资源共享提供了新的思路。比较分析了提供通用核心服务的两个典型网格——Globus和Legion的网格定义、体系结构、设计策略以及关键技术的实现,得出服务集合式网格Globus具有良好的通用性而整体式网格Legion具有良好的可扩展性的结论。最后指出提供开放的、统一的、通畅的资源共享和协同服务将是网格发展的趋势。     

基于GT4的网格并行应用研究

网格技术可以充分利用广域网中异构的、广泛分布的、时刻变化的动态资源,以达到完全共享和各种资源之间良好的协同工作。通常这样的整合在没有较高的硬件计算性能的前提下,也能利用数量较多、成本较低的单机来实现超级计算机对巨量数据的迅捷计算。利用网格组件将办公室的单机资源充分整合,同时以绘制Mandelbrot集这个可以易并行的实例对网格计算和单机计算的速度进行对比。实验证明,网格计算在解决计算密集型问题比单机更有优势。     

基于Agent联盟机制的网格资源协同分配

在网格计算环境，许多应用的执行经常需要同时协同分配多个资源以满足性能需求。文中提出了一种新的基于Agent联盟机制的资源协同分配方法。首先，对Globus和Legion的资源协同分配的方法进行了比较。然后，描述了一个基于Agent的网格资源管理结构。最后，设计了一个Agent联盟机制用于有效的资源协同分配。     

A PTS-PGATS based approach for data-intensive scheduling in data grids

Grid computing is the combination of computer resources in a loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed environment. Grid data are the data used in grid computing, which consists of large-scale data-intensive applications, producing and consuming huge amounts of data, distributed across a large number of machines. Data grid computing composes sets of independent tasks each of which require massive distributed data sets that may each be replicated on different resources. To reduce the completion time of the application and improve the performance of the grid, appropriate computing resources should be selected to execute the tasks and appropriate storage resources selected to serve the files required by the tasks. So the problem can be broken into two sub-problems: selection of storage resources and assignment of tasks to computing resources. This paper proposes a scheduler, which is broken into three parts that can run in parallel and uses both parallel tabu search and a parallel genetic algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing it with other related algorithms, which target minimizing makespan. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can be a good choice for scheduling large data grid applications.     

基于网格节点的分布计算策略分析

本文介绍了网格技术的现状和近期发展,讨论了集群服务器作为网格节点的重要组成部分在网格计算中的重要作用,重点给出了计算包在到达网格节点时的一种数学模型,并利用这种数学模型对网格节点的分布计算策略进行了分析。这对充分利用集群服务器计算资源、提高网格节点的服务能力有着重要意义。     

网格中间件体系结构的研究

网格计算研究越来越多,但是当前的研究多数面向基层基础构架的研究,如Globus,Legion等,也有在此基础上的一些应用研究,如计算网格、信息网格、知识网格和商业应用网格等,而对于网格中间件GM的研究还是处于启蒙阶段。文中在讨论了网格和中间件技术后,将两者很好地结合,给出一种网格中间件的体系结构,旨在实现当前基于开放式网格服务架构(OGSA)标准下的网格服务聚合和工作流思想。     

Service-oriented middleware for distributed data mining on the grid

Distribution of data and computation allows for solving larger problems and executing applications that are distributed in nature. The grid is a distributed computing infrastructure that enables coordinated resource sharing within dynamic organizations consisting of individuals, institutions, and resources. The grid extends the distributed and parallel computing paradigms allowing for resource negotiation and dynamical allocation, heterogeneity, open protocols, and services. Grid environments can be used both for compute-intensive tasks and data intensive applications by exploiting their resources, services, and data access mechanisms. Data mining algorithms and knowledge discovery processes are both compute and data intensive, therefore the grid can offer a computing and data management infrastructure for supporting decentralized and parallel data analysis. This paper discusses how grid computing can be used to support distributed data mining. Research activities in grid-based data mining and some challenges in this area are presented along with some promising future directions for developing grid-based distributed data mining.     

A high performance grid-web service framework for the identification of ‘conserved sequence tags’

The continuous increasing of computing power in biological research places a threshold to the single host use and suggests an approach based on distributed computing. An emerging solution is grid technology, which allows organization to make better use of existing computing resources by providing them with a single, transparent, aggregated source of computing power. Equally, bioinformatics analysis often involves many web services, allowing shared access to information and helping the biologist to design, describe, record complex experiments. A new generation of grid infrastructure, where web services are building blocks, allow managent of a web services workflow.This work shows a tool for the identification and functional annotation of ‘Conserved Sequence Tags’ (CSTs) through cross-species genome comparisons, deployed on a Grid System Architecture, based on Web Services concepts and technologies.     

校园网格环境构建的关键技术研究

网格计算是新型分布式计算技术。网格是一个集成的计算与资源环境,它能够充分吸纳各种计算资源并将它们转化成一种方便可靠的计算能力。文中论述了网格计算的特点和体系结构及其与传统分布式计算的区别,进而分析了校园网格环境构建的关键技术。校园网格环境的构建是网格普及化必经的关键一步。在校园网格系统构建中除了文中提到的关键技术之外还有诸多问题如安全机制、资源管理、任务管理、通信技术等都有待于进一步研究和具体化。     

A self-adaptive resources selection model through a small-world based heuristic

The small-world phenomenon is a principle in which seemingly distant nodes are linked by short chains of acquaintances. This property is found in a wide range of biological, social or natural networks. We proposed a self-adaptive model for solving the grid computing resources selection problem. A heuristic based on small-world concepts is defined within this model. Grid computing infrastructures are distributed systems with heterogeneous and geographically distributed resources. The present approach selects the most efficient resources during the application execution for facing the environmental changes. The model is tested in a real European grid computing infrastructure. Finally, from the results that have been obtained during the evaluation phase it is possible to conclude that the model achieves a reduction in applications execution time as well as an increase in the successfully completed tasks rate.     

Toward a synergy between P2P and grids

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and grids are distributed computing models that enable decentralized collaboration by integrating computers into networks in which each can consume and offer services. P2P is a class of self-organizing systems or applications that takes advantage of distributed resources storage, processing, information, and human presence available at the Internet's edges. A grid is a geographically distributed computation platform comprising a set of heterogeneous machines that users can access through a single interface. Both are hot research topics because they offer promising paradigms for developing efficient distributed systems and applications. Unlike the classic client-server model, in which roles are well separated, P2P and grid networks can assign each node a client or server role according to the operations they are to perform on the network - even if some nodes act more as server than as client in current implementations. In spite of current practices and thoughts, the grid and P2P models share several features and have more in common than we perhaps generally recognize. It is time to consider how to integrate these two models. A synergy between the two research communities, and the two computing models, could start with identifying the similarities and differences between them.     

基于经济模型的资源代理

网格计算是为解决大规模资源密集型问题而提出的新一代计算平台,是当前并行和分布处理技术的一个发展方向,而资源管理是计算网格的关键技术之一。对各种各样可利用资源的整合和管理是网格应用的基础,而资源的分布性、动态性、异构性、自治性和需要协调一致性使得网格资源的管理调度成为一个棘手的问题。目前基于市场的经济资源管理和调度算法非常适合计算网格中的资源管理问题,但有调度价格不能更改、负载平衡等问题。文中提出了“网格环境下基于经济模型的资源代理”,依靠多维QoS指导的调度策略和经济模型的启发式调节资源价格,改进和优化计算网格资源的分配。     

The grid: Analysis of basic principles and ways of application

During the last decade, a new direction of distributed computing—the grid—emerged, which is designed for work with sets of distributed resources. The results obtained, including the development of largescale grid infrastructures, bring us to the discussion of possibility of applying the new technologies to practice. The goal of the paper is to outline a scope of grid capabilities. The discussion relies on the formulation of basic points of the grid concept, principles of integration of spatially distributed resources, and the tasks solved by the grid middleware. Based on this, forms and methods of using grid integration technologies for work with computer, file, information, and other types of resources are described.     

一种基于移动Agent的网格资源发现模型

网格计算的核心问题是网格环境中的资源管理，而这些资源是在地理上分布的，并且由不同组织所拥有且具有不同的使用访问策略，要对复杂的网格资源进行管理，首先应能提供一种高效、合理的方法来发现资源，以满足用户的需求；本文结合移动Agent技术提出了一种新的网格资源发现模型。     

网格环境下的集群系统作业管理研究

网格计算已经逐渐形成一个重要的新领域。相对于传统的分布式计算，它的显著之处在于它能够共享网络上的各种资源，包括地理上分布的各种计算资源。PBS是广泛应用于并行计算机的作业管理系统，它可以按照用户定义的配置参数相对公平地为每个作业分配系统资源。但是在网格环境范围内对集群系统进行管理仍然是一门有待研究的课题。利用网格系统软件和集群系统管理软件，实现了一种在网格环境下对集群系统作业进行管理的方法。     

网格计算中作业管理系统的分析及设计

随着高性能应用需求的迅猛发展，单台高性能计算机已经不能胜任一些超大规模应用问题的解决。这就需要将地理上分布、系统异构的多种计算资源通过高速网络连接起来，共同解决大型应用问题，作业管理是随着集群技术和网格技术的应用发展而发展起来的一项技术。针对网格计算中的作业管理系统，该文主要分析了作业管理系统的设计、实现及关键技术，以及作业管理系统中的各种组件的工作原理，并在此基础上提出并设计出针对网格计算的作业调度器的框架。     

网格环境下集群管理系统

分析了集群接入网格的过程中所面临的问题,研究了在网格环境下使用集群的方法,详细分析了集群接入网格需要提供的接口和服务,并实现了一个网格环境下集群管理的原型系统,将集群转化成为一种标准的、透明的资源接入网格.通过该系统用户能够在任何地方使用分布在各处的集群资源,系统能保证用户提交的作业正确、有效的运行,并及时向用户反馈提交作业的相关信息.实验分析表明,该系统能够有效的整合集群计算资源,从而提高计算能力,增大全局吞吐量.     

Rejuvenation effects on the grid environment performance with response time delays using Monte Carlo simulation

Grid computing is an evolutionary technological achievement that takes advantages of wide area communication and large scale resource sharing. Although there are several advantages, grid does not guaranty stableness of resources due to their resources’ nature, diverse failures and error conditions that may appear. Consequently, grid dependability issues arise. In this paper, a grid computing environment with star topology and direct access to resources is considered, which consists of a Resource Management System (RMS) and distributed Root Nodes (RNs). The distributed RNs are considered either as operational or as failed, though the RMS is susceptible to resource exhaustion, which can lead to software failures. The response waiting time from a distributed RN is also taken under consideration. A software rejuvenation to counteract RMS resource exhaustion is adopted, and its effect on grid environment performance is studied extensively. A non-Markovian approach is considered to model the system’s evolution in time and to evaluate the proposed performance measures. Due to the complicated structure of the system, analytic formulas for the proposed measures are not available, thus Monte Carlo simulation methods are employed.     

基于属性和任务的网格授权研究

网格计算作为一种新的分布式计算基础架构,因其资源、服务的异构、动态等特征,决定了安全机制的重要性.访问控制是安全的一个重要的部分.现有的网格授权模型多是基于传统的访问控制方式,没有考虑到网格环境中主体属性和对象属性的多样性,以及具体的任务和执行环境.在借鉴和使用控制模型的基础上,提出一种基于属性和任务的网格授权模型.该模型在考虑主体属性和对象属性的同时,结合具体的任务和执行环境进行授权,并能够在主体属性和对象属性发生变动的情况下,实现动态授权,从而在一定程度上避免了滥用权限的现象.     

动态自适应性网格资源管理模型研究

由于网格计算中的资源具有分布性、自治性、异构性和动态性，对计算网格资源进行高效的管理是一个具有挑战性的问题。提出了把移动代理技术引入网格计算资源管理，从而为资源管理提供一个自适应性的广域资源环境，使网格计算系统能够自动适应环境的变化，为网格计算资源管理的动态自适应性研究指引了方向。