农村公路交通对水稻生理特性的影响

[目的]研究农村公路交通对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)生理特性的影响.[方法]通过在公路边不同距离进行盆栽试验,测定水稻叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Ti)、叶片细胞质膜透性、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量.[结果]农村公路交通对至路肩距离为10、50 m处水稻都有不同程度的影响,但至路肩距离150 m处污染相对较少.至路肩不同距离水稻的Pn、Gs、Tr和可溶性糖含量为150 m>10m>50 m,叶片细胞质膜透性为50 m>10m>150 m,而Ci和游离脯氨酸含量随距离增大而变小.[结论]该研究可为提高水稻产量和品质及制定农作物生产区规划提供科学依据.     

临汾盆地褐土剖面磁化率与粒度垂直变化特征及相关性研究

[目的]研究临汾盆地褐土剖面磁化率与粒度垂直变化特征及相关性.[方法]在临汾市尧都区农田取120 cm深的土壤剖面,每5 cm连续采样,对所取的24个土样进行磁化率和粒度的分析.[结果]磁化率随土壤深度增加而递减,>50 μm粒级含量随着土壤深度的增加而递减,10～50、1～10、<1 μm粒级含量随着土壤深度的增加而递增.地表以下0～30 cm为砂土,30～120 cm为粉土.磁化率与1～10、<1 μm粒级含量均呈极显著负相关,与>50 μm粒级含量呈极显著正相关,与10～50 μm粒级含量不相关.频率依赖系数XFD1.0与>50 μm粒级含量呈负相关,与10～50、1～10、<1 μm的粒级含量呈正相关;XFD0.1与10～50 μm粒级含量呈极显著负相关,与>50 μm粒级含量呈显著负相关.[结论]磁性颗粒主要赋存于粗颗粒物质中;磁化率及粒度对沉积环境和古气候的变化有一定的响应.     

太湖地区3种主要类型土壤的供氮能力研究

[目的]研究了太湖地区3种类型土壤黄泥土、乌沙土和乌栅土的供氮能力,以期为太湖地区的氮肥合理施用提供依据.[方法]采用好气培养法、淹水密闭培养法、化学提取法.[结果]好气条件下,黄泥土的氮矿化量最高,其次为乌栅土,乌沙土最低,乌栅土20～60 cm土层土壤供氮量占0～60 cm土层的40%左右.淹水条件下,土壤的氮矿化量依次为乌栅土>黄泥土>乌沙土,乌栅土全层土壤供氮量主要来自0～20 cm土层.黄泥土和乌沙土的无氮区水稻产量和水稻吸氮量在0.05水平显著高于乌栅土.3种土壤酸解氮、碱解氮和热氯化钾提取氮的大小顺序依次为乌栅土>黄泥土>乌沙土,各化学提取法指标都随土层的加深而降低.[结论]各项化学提取法指标能够在一定程度上反映土壤氮素矿化的难易程度.     

长期滴灌施肥对荔枝根系生长及土壤pH的影响

[目的]探讨长期滴灌施肥汁荔枝(Litchi chinens)根系生长分布及荔枝园不同土层土壤pH变化的影响.[方法]采用田间试验,追肥包括CO(NH2)2、KCI和MgsO4 等,均通过滴灌施肥系统施入,主要施肥时期为每年荔枝的秋梢期、花期和结果期前后;过磷酸钙、花生麸及鸡龚等则以基肥的形式沿树冠滴水线沟施.[结果]滴灌施肥能显著促进荔枝根系的生长,增加根系与土壤的接触面积,连续6年滴灌施肥后滴灌施肥区土体中的根干重、根长、根表面积分别为非滴灌区的2.29、2.17和2.25倍.荔枝根系主要分布在0～40 cm土层,但滴灌施肥区和非滴灌区在0～20和20～40 cm土层中的根系分布存在明显的差异性,滴灌施肥更有利于根系向土壤深层生长分布.长期滴灌施肥条件下,荔枝园土壤酸化明显,与非滴灌区相比,滴灌施肥区在10～20 cm土层土壤pH的降幅最大,达到1.47个单位.[结论]该研究可为滴灌施肥技术在荔枝生产中的推广应用提供理论依据.     

永定河河滨带土壤机械组成特征及异质性分析

[目的]研究永定河河滨带土壤机械组成特征及异质性分析,为河滨带土壤改良及生态修复提供理论参考.[方法]采用室外定点采样与室内测定分析相结合的方法,研究了永定河河滨带不同地段上下层(0～10、10～20cm)土壤的机械组成.[结果]永定河河滨带土壤机械组成中主要以砾石含量为主,黏粒含量较少,均低于5%.在砾石类组分上,10～20cm含量大于0～10cm含量,沙粒、粉粒则表现出0～10cm含量大于10～20cm含量,黏粒含量上下层间变化不明显.上、中、下游砾石、沙粒、粉粒含量变化幅度较大,而黏粒变化不明显.[结论]应根据土壤状况合理施肥,改良中要注意土壤机械组成恢复的合理结构.     

栗叶栗果与土壤中微量营养元素形态关系的研究

[目的]研究栗叶栗果与土壤中微量营养元素形态的关系.[方法]同时采用有效态和欧共体BCR三步提取法对燕山山区板栗土壤0～20和20～40 cm土层中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的各形态含量进行了测定,并分析了板栗的生物吸收系数以及土壤中微量营养元素形态与栗叶和栗果中矿质营养的关系.[结果]栗叶对Mn的生物吸收系数高于其他元素,栗果对Zn的生物吸收系数较大.运用营养元素赋存形态能更好地揭示板栗土壤中元素的生物地球化学特征,可用0～20 cm土层弱酸提取态Mn以及20～40 cm土层的弱酸提取态Fe、Zn来判断板栗叶相应元素的营养状况.栗果中Mn、Cu、Zn的含量受到土壤中元素形态间交互作用的影响.[结论]为监测板栗生长、合理施肥、提高板栗产量和品质以及维护板栗林区生态环境提供了理论依据.     

不同芘处理对土壤氨氧化微生物的影响

[目的]研究不同芘处理对土壤氨氧化微生物的影响.[方法]采用α-萘胺显色法测定了土壤硝化潜势(PNR),实时定量PCR方法测定了amoA基因拷贝数.[结果]芘和PNR的剂量-效应关系满足四参数的Logistic曲线,各处理土壤PNR的EC<,50>分布在70～100μg/g范围内,且随处理时间延长而增大,表明土壤微生态群落对芘产生了一定的适应或抗性;芘的急性毒性表现在中高浓度芘处理下,持久性毒性在各浓度处理下均有明显表现;芘的存在在短期内并不能改变氨氧化微生物的群落丰度及基因拷贝数.[结论]中等芘浓度范围(70～100μg/g)是PNR较敏感的浓度段,芘对土壤PNR的影响可能是对氨氧化过程中关键酶AMO的竞争性抑制作用.     

土壤有机废渣的生物降解研究

[目的]探讨土壤微生物降解化工废渣的影响因素及有效措施.[方法]在试验区用四分法在地表20cm内取土壤样品,分别测出单位质量的燃烧失重,再向每块试验区施入不同的废渣,每隔5d取样后,测定其燃烧失重,获得各块土壤有机废渣随时间的降解数据.[结果]土壤有机废渣的生物降解受废渣性质、废渣表面积、土壤含氧量、土壤pH、含湿量和土壤温度的影响.有机物的好氧降解比厌氧降解快的多,完全的多.土壤pH影响生物的活动.应维持在7-9.土壤含湿量控制50%-60%是微生物活动的最佳条件.土壤温度在零度以下,生物降解基本停止.[结论]在实际应用于工业化处理有机废渣时,还需对某种土质和某种废渣作进一步研究,控制生物降解速率和程度及其管理措施.     

不同土壤调理剂对盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响

[目的]探讨不同土壤调理剂对盐碱地的改良效果及水稻产量的影响.[方法]在宁夏盐碱地施用8种土壤调理剂,研究不同调理剂对盐碱地土壤的理化性质、pH、盐分离子以及水稻生长发育和产量的影响.[结果]施用土壤调理剂后,不仅降低了土壤容重、pH并对土壤盐分离子产生不同影响,而且加快了水稻生育进程,增加了水稻的总茎数和穗数,提高了水稻产量.[结论]施用不同土壤调理剂均对土壤及水稻生长有一定的积极效果,ORYKTA、丹路菌剂、丹路菌肥的增产效果较为显著.     

光照强度和温度对三峡水库消落区典型土壤磷释放的影响

[目的]考察3种土壤的释磷量在不同光照和温度下的变化规律.[方法]将采自重庆市涪陵区消落带的沉积物、水稻土、紫色土移至实验室内进行磷释放模拟试验[结果]在不同模拟光照强度下,上覆水总体上偏碱性,pH和总磷均随光照强度的升高而增加.在不同温度下,总体上水体偏碱性,pH随温度的升高而增加,总磷随温度的升高而减小.[结论]光照强度促进土壤微生物把土壤中的有机态磷转化为无机态磷,从而促进内源磷的释放.温度对土壤磷释放的影响主要表现为受温度影响而生长的微生物吸收土壤释放的磷,阻档其进入上覆水中.同一光照强度和温度条件下的土壤释磷量顺序为紫色土>水稻土>沉积物.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.