乙烯基倍半硅氧烷的结构及其膜材料的性能

以乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VMS)和正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了乙烯基倍半硅氧烷VS及TEOS改性的VS(VST)．以VS和VST为中间体,用浸涂法制备了杂化膜m-VS和m-VSt通过红外光谱和质谱对VS的结构进行了表征．用扫描探针电镜、扫描电镜研究了膜的形貌及其膜厚,并通过DSC、TGA、纳米压痕测试及腐蚀试验,对VS和VST杂化膜的热力学、力学及防腐性能进行了研究．结果表明：合成的VS是含多羟基的低聚物,VST杂化膜的Tg可达129．8℃,热失重温度337．5℃,耐电化学腐蚀。w(TEOS)=20％杂化膜体系的性能最佳．     

超薄致密选择性分离层聚醚砜中空纤维膜制备及其气体性能

以聚醚砜为膜材料,N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）为溶剂,乙醇（Ethanol）为非溶剂,NMP-Water为芯液,PES：NMP：Ethanol 35：57：8为铸膜液,采用干／湿相转化法制备了超薄致密选择性分离层PES中空纤维膜,讨论了芯液组成、芯液流量、硅橡胶种类、芯和凝胶槽温度对PES-A中空纤维膜结构、气体性能和机械性能的影响．实验结果表明,适宜的纺丝条件如下：凝胶槽温度17℃,芯液组成NMP：Water86：14,芯液流量0．15mL／min．在适宜的纺丝条件下,比较了PES-A和PES-B2种聚醚砜膜材料的O2／N2气体分离性能,PES-B中空纤维膜的O2／N2选择性为6．23,其O2渗透通量为9．65GPU．此外,在凝胶槽温度9～24℃范围内,PES-B中空纤维膜的O2／N2选择性为5．28～6．23,O2渗透通量为9．65-10．3GPU,并且其超薄致密选择性分离层为427-456A．因此,PES-B中空纤维膜更适合应用于气体分离．     

聚乙烯醇对Al2O3薄膜的影响

摘要：以异丙醇铝为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍提拉技术在玻璃栽片上进行涂膜并观察聚乙烯醇（PVA）对薄膜的影响．通过热重分析、红外光谱、硬度、原子力显微镜等测试手段研究了PVA加入量对薄膜结构及性能的影响．实验结果表明,随着PVA添加量的增加,制膜液黏度也随之增加．PVA的最佳加入量为质量分数5％的水溶液20mL;加入20mL,5％PVA后的Al2O3膜具有良好的耐热性;薄膜表面均一平整,有较高的孔隙率,并且孔径分布较均匀,所得平均孔径约为50．3714nm;烧结前,添加PVA薄膜的硬度略大于未添加PVA的薄膜;在烧结后,添加PVA与未添加PVA对Al2O3膜的硬度影响不大;玻璃载片与薄膜之间的黏接性能较好．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2 无机膜的影响因素

以正硅酸乙酯为先驱体, 乙醇为溶剂, 用溶胶-凝胶法在Al₂O₃ 基体上制备了SiO₂ 无机膜, 就pH 、化学添加剂、热处理过程中升温速率、正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的摩尔比对无机膜质量的影响进行了研究。结果表明, pH 影响正硅酸乙酯的聚合速度, 从而直接关系到膜层的质量, pH 为1 .8 时, 凝胶时间最长;加入化学添加剂N , N -二甲基甲酰胺能够防止膜层龟裂;在后续加热过程中, 升温速率是影响膜层质量的主要因素, 控制升温速率应该分为两个阶段, 在210 ℃之前应控制升温速率在0 .5 ℃/ min , 在210 ～ 600 ℃应控制在1 ℃/ min;正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的摩尔比为1∶6.08 时的涂膜周期比1∶13.64 时的涂膜周期短。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化硅无机膜的工艺研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料, 乙醇为溶剂, 盐酸为催化剂, N, N -二甲基酰胺为模板剂, 采用溶胶-凝胶工 艺在Al2O3 基体上制备SiO2 无机膜。考察了涂膜方式、溶胶的醇硅物质的量比及停放时间对膜性能的影响。结果 表明, 采用浓稀结合的方式涂膜可提高制膜效率及膜的性能;较大的醇硅物质的量比虽然可以获得较好的膜, 但制 膜周期较长;溶胶停放时间过长, 会使膜的性能下降。     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯腈共混膜的研究

ＰＶＤＦ（聚偏氟乙烯）／ＰＡＮ（聚丙烯腈）共混制膜可以有效地改善膜的透过性能,而截留基本不变．共混比的改变直接影响着铸膜液的相容性,而相容性的变化与共混膜的性能变化有一定相应关系．实验证明,这是一种改善ＰＶＤＦ膜性能简便有效的方法,具有极好的实用开发价值．文中还讨论了溶剂种类、聚合物浓度、添加剂种类及用量和凝固浴组成等工艺条件对共混膜性能的影响．     

芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜的制备及影响因素

以聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺为原料，采用相转化法制备了芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜、实验重点考察了铸膜液固含量、溶剂蒸发时间、凝胶浴组成和温度、膜厚等因素对所制纳滤膜性能的影响．这些因素主要是通过改变膜表皮层中高聚物的胶束聚集体孔和空间网络孔的大小和数目来影响所制膜的性能．采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了膜的微观形态结构，表明所制纳滤膜具有典型的不对称结构．     

强化甲醇制氢反应的酚醛树脂基炭膜制备

为了强化甲醇制氢反应,分别以酚醛树脂和间苯二酚-甲醛为前驱体,制备了炭膜及复合炭膜.采用扫描电镜和氮气物理吸附等手段对炭膜及复合炭膜的微观形貌与孔径分布进行了分析.考察了原料粒度及固化剂用量对炭膜孔结构以及涂膜次数对复合膜分离性能的影响,并将所制备的炭膜与复合炭膜耦合在反应器内用于强化甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应.结果表明,当固化剂质量分数为6%时,炭膜孔径分布最窄,且平均孔径为0.16μm.随涂膜次数从1次增至3次,复合炭膜的透气性先降低后增大.对于甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应的转化率而言,炭膜与复合炭膜反应器分别比传统固定床提高了1.6倍和1.9倍.     

PEG-300对SiO_2薄膜的修饰

应用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍提拉技术,以正硅酸乙酯为主要原料在玻璃载片上进行涂膜.在制备过程中引入聚乙二醇300（PEG-300）,研究对SiO2薄膜性能的影响.采用TG-DTG和FT-IR、BET等测试技术对膜性能、结构、孔径分布进行表征.结果表明,PEG-300对SiO2溶胶有降黏作用,其临界胶束（CMC）的体积分数约为6.16%;PEG-300对溶胶的稳定作用与其用量有关,最佳添加量为15%（质量分数）;PEG-300可以缩小薄膜的孔径和提高薄膜的比表面积与热稳定性.添加PEG-300后制备的二氧化硅薄膜的比表面积可达334.89m2/g,孔容为0.28cm3/g,平均孔半径为2.36nm,最可几孔半径为1.04nm.     

颗粒尖性炭负载TiO2薄膜的制备与性能研究

研究了溶胶－凝胶法制备以及颗粒活性炭为载体的TiO2膜（TiO2/GAC）,通过筛选膜组成和考察各组成的相对含量,确定了溶胶－凝胶体系的最佳组成;通过考察涂层次数、涂层方式、煅烧温度、咻温时间等因素的影响,确定了涂膜工艺的最佳方案,对所制备的负载TiO2的活性碳进行了吸附性能和光催化降解性能考察,结果表明,涂膜之后的活性炭具有良好的光催化降解性能,且原有的吸附性能受影响甚小,膜稳定性试验表明,历经10h (每小时1次）H2SO4／NaOH洗涤,碱洗使光催化解性能有所下降,酸洗则无明显影响。     

Corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powder on steel

A novel kind of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powders on high strength steel was formulated. Several coatings with different pigment volume content (PVC) were prepared. The coating morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical properties were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Immersion test and neutral salt spray test were also conducted to investigate the corrosion resistance of the coating. It is demonstrated that the critical pigment volume content (CPVC) value is between 30% and 40%. The coating with PVC of 30% exhibits good corrosion resistance in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution.     

H62铜合金表面稀土钝化性能研究

为了提高铜及其合金的表面抗变色能力,通过正交试验获得了一种含稀土盐的新型的铜及其合金的钝化工艺,经处理后的铜合金表面形成了金黄色的稀土钝化膜.利用硝酸点滴方法对钝化膜耐蚀性进行了表征,并与未加稀土盐的配方进行了对比,结果表明,稀土盐的加入使其耐硝酸性能显著提高.在扫描电镜下可以明显观察到加入稀土盐后合金表面结构变得均匀致密;电子探针分析表明稀土钝化膜的La,O等元素都均匀的分布在膜层表面.     

Effect of Salt Spray Corrosion on Tribological Properties of HVOF Sprayed NiCr-Cr_3C_2 Coating with Intermediate Layer

The objective of the present work was to determine the influence of the neutral salt spray corrosion on the wear resistance of HVOF sprayed NiCr-Cr_3C_2 coating with intermediate layer. Ni-Zn-Al_2O_3 coatings as interlayers were prepared by low pressure cold spray(LPCS) between NiCr-Cr_3C_2 cermet coatings to form a sandwich structure to enhance the corrosion resistance properties. The tribological properties were examined using the UMT-3 fricition and wear tester by line-contact reciprocating sliding under dry and salt spray one week corrosion. The morphology, element distribution, and phase compositions of the coating and worn sufaces were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction respectively. The corrosion behavior of the coating was studied by the open-circuit potential, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and salt spray corrosion methods. It is found that the sandwich structured coating has better corrosion resistance than the single layer coating. The results show that under dry wear conditions, the wear mechanism is abrasive and adhesive wear, whereas under salt spray corrosion conditions it becomes corrosion wear. The friction coefficient of the sandwich structured coating after salt spray corrosion is slightly lower than the dry friction coefficient, but the weight of the wear loss is lower than that under dry condition.     

Effect of salt spray corrosion on tribological properties of HVOF sprayed NiCr-Cr<Subscript>3</Subscript>C<Subscript>2</Subscript> coating with intermediate layer

The objective of the present work was to determine the influence of the neutral salt spray corrosion on the wear resistance of HVOF sprayed NiCr-Cr₃C₂ coating with intermediate layer. Ni-Zn-Al₂O₃ coatings as interlayers were prepared by low pressure cold spray (LPCS) between NiCr-Cr₃C₂ cermet coatings to form a sandwich structure to enhance the corrosion resistance properties. The tribological properties were examined using the UMT-3 fricition and wear tester by line-contact reciprocating sliding under dry and salt spray one week corrosion. The morphology, element distribution, and phase compositions of the coating and worn sufaces were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction respectively. The corrosion behavior of the coating was studied by the open-circuit potential, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and salt spray corrosion methods. It is found that the sandwich structured coating has better corrosion resistance than the single layer coating. The results show that under dry wear conditions, the wear mechanism is abrasive and adhesive wear, whereas under salt spray corrosion conditions it becomes corrosion wear. The friction coefficient of the sandwich structured coating after salt spray corrosion is slightly lower than the dry friction coefficient, but the weight of the wear loss is lower than that under dry condition.     

Corrosion behaviors of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy compositionally modulated multilayer coatings

Zinc and Zn-Ni alloy compositionally modulated multilayer （CMM） coatings were electrodeposited from dual baths. The coated samples were evaluated in terms of surface appearance, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, as well as corrosion resistance. The results obtained from the salt spray test show that the zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings are more corrosion-resistant than the monolithic coatings of zinc or Zn-Ni alloy alone with a similar thickness. The corrosion potential measurement and anodic polarisation tests were undertaken to examine the probable corrosion mechanisms of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings. Analysis on the micrographic features of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings after the corrosion test explains the probable reasons why the Zn-Ni/Zn CMM coatings have a better protective performance. Surface morphologies and compositional analysis of the remaining coating material of Zn-Ni alloy deposit after the corrosion test confirms the dezincification mechanism of the Zn-Ni alloy deposit during the corrosion process.     

热浸镀锌层在中性盐雾试验中的防腐性能研究

采用2种定制的热浸镀锌试件,经5000 h中性盐雾试验后发现镀层防腐性能存在显著差异.采用镀锌层厚度损耗测试法、X射线衍射分析法（XRD）和扫描电镜分析法（SEM）分别测试了镀层的厚度损耗量、盐雾试验前后的晶体物质组成和腐蚀前后的微观形貌.研究表明:2种热浸镀锌试件在盐雾腐蚀过程中的产物和机理相似,而影响其防腐性能的主要因素为热浸镀锌的生产工艺、腐蚀产物的致密程度.     

锌合金表面稀土转化膜的组成与性能研究

通过在铈盐溶液中进行化学转化处理在电池锌合金表面获得了稀土转化膜，测量了膜的结合强度、在氯化钠溶液中的极化曲线，极化电阻和腐蚀速率，利用XPS、XRD和SEM对稀土转化膜的化学成分和组织结构进行了分析，结果表明，稀土转化膜的形成使锌合金的耐蚀性大大提高，已达到普通铬酸盐转化膜的耐蚀水平，稀土转化膜主要由CeO2、Ce2O3、ZnO等氧化物组成。     

New pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating technics for steel structure sustainable design

Based on the advanced integrated technology of materials preparation and formation, a new pattern ZnAl-Mg-RE anti-corrosion coating for steel structure sustainable design was manufactured by cored wires and high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technologies. The developments of thermally sprayed coatings for steel structure protection were described. Based on Al, Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Mg coatings, the anti-corrosion properties of new-pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating were evaluated through electrochemical methods including electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with SEM and XRD. The models of Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating undergoing corrosion with the initial pinhole defect and the latter with accelerated products were also discussed. The results show that Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating exhibites excellent corrosion resistance for long-term immersion, which is helpful for the sustainable design of steel structure in aggressive corrosion conditions. And the corrosion products seem to possess certain self-sealing function.     

氩弧熔覆镍基自熔合金的工艺研究

采用氩弧熔覆工艺在Q235钢基体上获得了F102Fe镍基合金熔覆层.测试了涂层的硬度和耐腐蚀性，借助光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察其显微组织，进而对熔覆工艺、合金组织及熔覆层性能之间的关系进行详细阐述.研究结果表明，采用氩弧熔覆工艺可以在Q235钢基表面上获得与基体结合良好、组织细密、具有较高硬度和耐蚀性的F102Fe合金熔覆层.在相同的情况下，增加电流强度或减少熔覆层的厚度，组织由共晶向亚共晶转变；随熔覆层的硬度、耐蚀性降低，塑性有所改善.     

New pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating technics for steel structure sustainable design

Based on the advanced integrated technology of materials preparation and formation, a new pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE anti-corrosion coating for steel structure sustainable design was manufactured by cored wires and high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technologies. The developments of thermally sprayed coatings for steel structure protection were described. Based on Al, Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Mg coatings, the anti-corrosion properties of new-pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating were evaluated through electrochemical methods including electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with SEM and XRD. The models of Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating undergoing corrosion with the initial pinhole defect and the latter with accelerated products were also discussed. The results show that Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating exhibites excellent corrosion resistance for long-term immersion, which is helpful for the sustainable design of steel structure in aggressive corrosion conditions. And the corrosion products seem to possess certain self-sealing function. Foundation item: Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China