Low power Schmitt trigger circuit

Three new Schmitt trigger circuits are described. The first circuit is a truly low power, while the second and third circuits are derived from the first circuit and provide smaller hysteresis width. Measurement results for the new Schmitt trigger circuits are presented. All the designed circuits are simulated using HSPICE with level 28 model parameters for a 1.2 μm standard CMOS technology. An application to the design of low power, very low frequency integrator oscillators is described     

High-Voltage Analog System for a Mobile NAND Flash

High-voltage analog circuits, including a novel high-voltage regulation scheme, are presented with emphasis on low supply voltage, low power consumption, low area overhead, and low noise, which are key design metrics for implementing NAND Flash memory in a mobile handset. Regulated high voltage generation at low supply voltage is achieved with optimized oscillator, high-voltage charge pump, and voltage regulator circuits. We developed a design methodology for a high-voltage charge pump to minimize silicon area, noise, and power consumption of the circuit without degrading the high-voltage output drive capability. Novel circuit techniques are proposed for low supply voltage operation. Both the oscillator and the regulator circuits achieve 1.5 V operation, while the regulator includes a ripple suppression circuit that is simple and robust. Through the paper, theoretical analysis of the proposed circuits is provided along with Spice simulations. A mobile NAND Flash device is realized with an advanced 63 nm technology to verify the operation of the proposed circuits. Extensive measurements show agreement with the results predicted by both analysis and simulation.     

基于动态逻辑的MPRM电路低功耗优化设计

n个输入变量的逻辑函数有3n种不同的MPRM(Mixed-Polarity Reed-Muller)表达式,其对应电路的功耗和面积不尽相同。本文通过对CMOS电路功耗和动态逻辑MPRM电路低功耗分解方法的分析,建立MPRM电路功耗和面积估计模型,而后提出一种基于动态逻辑的MPRM电路快速低功耗分解算法。在此基础上,针对中小规模和大规模MPRM电路,结合列表转换技术,分别将穷尽搜索算法和遗传算法应用于基于动态逻辑的MPRM电路低功耗优化设计中。通过对MCNC和ISCAS基准电路测试表明:与Boolean电路和FPRM(Fixed-Polarity Reed-Muller)电路相比,中小规模MPRM电路的功耗平均节省80.65%和50.98%,大规模MRPM电路的功耗平均节省69.17%和46.61%。     

Low-power high-performance double-gate fully depleted SOI circuitdesign

Double-gate fully depleted (DGFD) SOI circuits are regarded as the next generation VLSI circuits. This paper investigates the impact of scaling on the demand and challenges of DGFD SOI circuit design for low power and high performance. We study how the added back-gate capacitance affects circuit power and performance; how to tradeoff the enhanced short-channel effect immunity with the added back-channel leakage; and how the coupling between the front- and back-gates affects circuit reliability. Our analyses over different technology generations using the MEDICI device simulator show that DGFD SOI circuits have significant advantages in driving high output load. DGFD SOI circuits also show excellent ability in controlling leakage current. However, for low output load, no gain is obtained for DGFD SOI circuits. Also, it is necessary to optimize the back-gate oxide thickness for best leakage control. Moreover, threshold variation may cause reliability problems for thin back-gate oxide DGFD SOI circuits operated at low supply voltage     

Low Power Programmable Current Mode Circuits

In this article (based on transconductance adjustment) novel low power, programmable circuits such as switched transconductance and neuron structures that set foundations for low power VLSI sampled data filtering circuits and neural networks are proposed. The switched transconductance integrator structures are presented and their performances are compared to switched current counterparts. Also the analog circuits for activation function and programmable weight synaptic connections are presented and discussed. A qualitative comparison is made between standard and proposed circuits.     

Full-swing Schottky BiCMOS/BiNMOS and the effects of operatingfrequency and supply voltage scaling

Novel full-swing BiCMOS/BiNMOS logic circuits which use Schottky diode in the pull-up section for low supply-voltage regime are developed. The full-swing pull-up operation is performed by saturating the bipolar transistor with a base current pulse. After which, the base is isolated and bootstrapped to a voltage higher than V_DD. The BiCMOS/BiNMOS circuits do not require a PNP bipolar transistor. They outperform other BiCMOS circuits at low supply voltage, particularly at 2 V using 0.5 μm BiCMOS technology. Delay, area, and power dissipation comparisons have been performed. The new circuits offer delay reduction at 2 V supply voltage of 37% to 56% over CMOS. The minimum fanout at which the new circuits outperform CMOS gate is 2 to 3. Furthermore, the effect of the operating frequency on the delay of a wide range of BiCMOS and BiNMOS circuits is reported for the first time, showing the superiority of the Schottky circuits     

Synchronous Full-Scan for Asynchronous Handshake Circuits

Handshake circuits form a special class of asynchronous circuits that has enabled the industrial exploitation of the asynchronous potential such as low power, low electromagnetic emission, and increased cryptographic security. In this paper we present a test solution for handshake circuits that brings synchronous test-quality to asynchronous circuits. We add a synchronous mode of operation to handshake circuits that allows full controllability and observability during test. This technique is demonstrated on some industrial examples and gives over 99% stuck-at fault coverage, using test-pattern generators developed for synchronous circuits. The paper describes how such a full-scan mode can be achieved, including an approach to minimize the number of dummy latches in case latches are used in the data path of the handshake circuit.     

低压、低功耗SOI电路的进展

最近 IBM公司在利用 SOI(Silicon- on- insulator)技术制作计算机中央处理器 (CPU)方面取得了突破性的进展 ,该消息轰动了全世界。SOI电路最突出的优点是能够实现低驱动电压、低功耗。文中介绍了市场对低压、低功耗电路的需求 ,分析了 SOI低压、低功耗电路的工作原理 ,综述了当前国际上 SOI低压、低功耗电路的发展现状。     

新型GaInNAs系低功耗HBT研究进展

介绍了新型GaInNAs系低功耗异质结双极晶体管(HBT)的设计思想和最新研究进展,并展望了其在低功耗高速集成电路和长波长光电集成电路方面的应用前景.     

Bootstrapped full-swing BiCMOS/BiNMOS logic circuits for 1.2-3.3 Vsupply voltage regime

Novel full-swing BiCMOS/BiNMOS logic circuits using bootstrapping in the pull-up section for low supply voltage down to 1 V are reported. These circuit configurations use noncomplementary BiCMOS technology. Simulations have shown that they outperform other BiCMOS circuits at low supply voltage using 0.35 μm BiCMOS process. The delay and power dissipation of several NAND configurations have been compared. The new circuits offer delay reduction between 40 and 66% over CMOS in the range 1.2-3.3 V supply voltage. The minimum fanout at which the new circuits outperform CMOS gate is 5, which is lower than that of other gates particularly for sub-2.5 V operation     

New Lossless Turn-On and Turn-Off (Snubber) Networks for Inverters, Including Circuits for Blocking Voltage Limitation

Transistorized pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverters require careful dimensioning of turn-on and turn-off circuits in order to minimize switching loss in the power transistors. New lossless circuits are described. In particular the turn-off circuits show a highly reduced part count compared to circuits known from the literature. The turn-on circuits apply energy recovery. Furthermore, due to a special circuit the voltage across the power transistor is strictly limited. This is important especially due to the usually low voltage blocking capability of high-current power transistors.     

Optical input/output interface system for Josephson junctionintegrated circuits

An optical input/output interface system for a Josephson junction integrated circuit is fabricated and tested. The system consists of a superconducting optical detector, a dc powered Josephson circuit, a dc powered Josephson high voltage circuit, a liquid-He-cooled semiconductor amplifier, and a liquid-He-cooled semiconductor laser. Features of the system are use of an ultrathin NbN film for the optical detector and adoption of the dc powered Josephson circuits for logic operation circuits. Correct optical output signal is detected by a liquid-He-cooled semiconductor photodiode. The optical input/output interface has the advantage of low heat penetration and low crosstalk compared to the interface using conventional coaxial lines. Moreover, dc powered Josephson circuits have an advantage of low crosstalk from power supply lines compared to conventional Josephson circuits, which are driven by ac supply current     

电源调制电路在T/R组件中的应用与分析

简述了电源调制电路在T/R组件中对抑制自激和应用在氮化镓(GaN)射频放大器中的重要作用,论述了p型金属氧化物-半导体(p-MOS)场效应晶体管和n型金属氧化物-半导体(n-MOS)场效应晶体管两种调制电路的原理,对两种电路特性进行比较,n-MOS在调制电压、电流和速度上优于p-MOS,但由于p-MOS电路简单,其在低功率应用中也被广泛使用。最后,对调制电路中出现阻尼振荡产生的原因进行分析,得到了通过调整外围参数进行优化的方法。     

Tunable high-frequency Gm-C filters

We consider known, modified, and new transistor circuits for transconductors and some theory on their application in integrated tunable Gm-C or transconductor-eapacitor filters for high frequencies. The circuits are balanced and mostly complementary. They use bipolar (NPN and VPNP) and/or CMOS transistors. The low delay and low input capacitance of the newer circuits makes them particularly suitable for very high frequencies, in the hundreds of megahertz. The relatively high power efficiency and low noise lead to a low power consumption in combination with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Their simplicity results in a small chip area and hence in low cost. The partly new theory is on noise, sensitivities, quality factors, linearization, power and power efficiencies     

基于并联开关的低电压低功耗电流型CMOS电路设计

该文提出了一种电流型CMOS电路的并联开关结构,使得电流型CMOS电路能在较低的电源电压下工作,因而可以实现电路的低功耗设计,同时在相同的电源电压下,采用并联开关结构的电路比相应的串联开关电路具有更快的速度,PSPICE模拟证明了采用并联开关结构设计的电路能在较低的电源电压下工作,并具有较小的电路延时。     

双极型电路通用综合方法与电路三要素理论

该文在电路三要素(信号,网络和负载)理论的基础上提出双极型电路通用综合方法。文中首先引入适用于电压型和电流型电路的广义二值信号,推导出源信号和负载简化定理。由此分析各单元电路结构和推导出相应的元件级电路表达式,进一步找出一种新的电路实现方式。在此基础上设计出新的低压TTL和多射型ECL元件级电路。最后经过电路实验证明理论的正确性。     

基于共振隧穿二极管的集成电路研究

RTD基集成电路所具有的超高速、低功耗和自锁存的特性,使其在数字电路、混合信号电路以及光电子系统中有着重要的应用。首先对RTD与化合物半导体HEMT,HBT以及硅CMOS器件的集成工艺进行了介绍。在MOBILE电路及其改进和延伸的基础上,对高速ADC／DAC电路和低功耗的存储器电路进行了具体的分析。最后对RTD基电路面临的主要问题和挑战进行了讨论,提出基于硅基RTD与线性阈值门（LTG）逻辑相结合是未来纳米级超大规模集成电路的最佳发展方向。     

温度和工艺参数浮动下双阈值footed多米诺电路的漏电流特性

考虑到温度和工艺参数浮动的影响,对休眠双阈值footed多米诺电路的漏电流特性进行了系统的量化研究和比较,得到了不同温度下的最佳休眠状态.基于65和45nm BSIM4模型的HSPICE仿真表明：与业已提出的CHIL（时钟为高,输入均为低电平）状态和CHIH（时钟和输入均为高电平）状态相比,本文提出的CLIL（时钟和输入均为低电平）状态更有利于减小低温下电路的漏电流和高温下的多扇入电路的漏电流.而且,分析了工艺参数的浮动对双阈值footed多米诺电路的漏电流特性的影响,并给出了温度和工艺参数浮动下,双阈值footed多米诺电路漏电流最小的休眠状态.     

温度和工艺参数浮动下双阈值footed多米诺电路的漏电流特性

考虑到温度和工艺参数浮动的影响,对休眠双阈值footed多米诺电路的漏电流特性进行了系统的量化研究和比较,得到了不同温度下的最佳休眠状态.基于65和45nm BSIM4模型的HSPICE仿真表明:与业已提出的CHIL(时钟为高,输入均为低电平)状态和CHIH(时钟和输入均为高电平)状态相比,本文提出的CLIL(时钟和输入均为低电平)状态更有利于减小低温下电路的漏电流和高温下的多扇人电路的漏电流.而且,分析了工艺参数的浮动对双阈值footed多米诺电路的漏电流特性的影响,并给出了温度和工艺参数浮动下,双阈值footed多米诺电路漏电流最小的休眠状态.     

Superconducting digital electronics

Single-flux quantum logic (SFQ) circuits, in which a flux quantum is used as an information carrier, have the possibility for opening the door to a new digital system operated at over 100-GHz clock frequency at extremely low power dissipation. The SFQ logic system is a so-called pulse logic, which is completely different from the level logic for semiconductors like CMOS, so circuit design technologies for SFQ logic circuits have to be newly developed. Recently, much progress in basic technologies for designing SFQ circuits and operating circuits at high speeds has been made. With advances in these design tools, large-scale circuits including more than several thousand junctions can be easily operated with the clock frequency of more than several tens of gigahertz. High-end routers and high-end computers are possible applications of SFQ logic circuits because of their high throughput nature and the low power dissipation of SFQ logic. In this paper, recent advances of SFQ circuit design technologies and recent developments of switches for high-end routers and microprocessors for high-end computers that are considered possible applications for SFQ logic will be described.