双转子涡喷发动机气动性能优化控制研究

航空发动机的控制规律作用巨大,它决定了发动机能否获得设定的稳态工作下性能指标,同时保证工作过程中的压气机和涡轮的气动稳定性;双转子涡喷发动机气动性能优化控制的目的就是有效地挖掘发动机的使用潜力;研究方法采用部件特性法对发动机进行稳态建模,并针对某双转子涡喷发动机的稳态模型进行三种不同稳态控制规律下的仿真,得到发动机性能参数的不同变化趋势,并对其进行了详细的分析;结果表明:保持低压转子转速不变的情况下,随着压气机进口总温的增加,高压转子转速上升,涡轮前温度升高,发动机推力增加;保持涡轮前温度不变的情况下,随着压气机进口总温的升高,低压压气机气动负荷变重,低压转子转速降低;高压转子转速也下降,但是下降幅度很小;燃油流量增加;保持高压转子转速不变的情况下,随着压气机进口总温的升高,燃油流量有一定的增加,低压转子转速有所降低;推力受多重因素的影响,推力值变化趋势较为复杂。     

基于径向基神经网络的航空发动机气路故障诊断

基于径向基神经网络对民用高涵道比航空发动机风扇、增压级、高压压气机、高压涡轮、低压涡轮5大气路部件的效率降低故障进行诊断;采用Gasturb进行故障训练样本和测试样本库的生成,诊断结果显示,采用径向基神经网络进行航空发动机气路故障诊断的计算时间短、精度较高,不仅能定性的定位故障部位,而且在大多数情况下可以定量的给出该部件的性能衰退程度;某些情况下诊断结果与测试样本不尽一致,但都是方程的合理解,这是因为航空发动机的数学模型是一个多解的复杂方程,一个总性能的衰减对应着多组部件性能衰退的组合;随噪声幅值加大,诊断精度变差,同时研究发现诊断精度受噪声影响的敏感系数在不同的噪声幅值水平下是不同的。     

主元分析在航空发动机关键系统状态识别中的应用

航空发动机是飞机的心脏,因此,对其状态识别进行研究,一直是业界研究并试图解决的热点问题之一。本文以某型真实发动机气路系统为具体研究对象,通过在专业试验平台对其各种运行状态进行试验,采集其大量试验数据,在对其深入分析的基础上,提出采用高压转子相对物理转速、发动机进口温度、发动机进口压力、压气机出口压力、25截面压气机进口温度、低压转子相对物理转速、低压涡轮后温度、低压涡轮后压力等8个主要参数进行状态识别的方法,首先对其进行标准化处理,再对其进行主元分析,采用主元贡献率法计算出主元个数,并据此构建状态识别模型,确定 统计量和SPE统计量。并以确定的 统计量和SPE统计量作为航空发动机气路系统状态健康与异常识别的标志,对航空发动机气路系统健康与否进行识别研究,研究结果表明,该方法可以很好识别出航空发动机气路系统的运行状态,对航空发动机实际运行及所处状态的识别具有重要的使用价值与工程指导意义。     

某型涡扇发动机分段线性化模型的建立

基于某型涡轮风扇发动机非线性动态模型,建立并实现了该发动机的分段线性化模型.介绍了拟合法建立涡轮风扇发动机线性状态空间模型的建模方法,并以发动机高压转子转速为参考参数选取发动机的稳态工作点,分别求取了这些工作点处的线性状态空间模型.以这些线性状态空间模型为基础,在Simulink仿真平台下,采用S-function模块建立了分段线性化发动机模型,并实时地对模型进行求解,得到所需要的高低压转子转速、涡轮落压比以及燃烧室温度等发动机参数.分段线性化模型与非线性模型的仿真结果比较表明此种建模方法输出精度高,能够很好的反映该型发动机的特性.     

基于飞参数据的某型航空发动机DEGT估算方法

提出一种适用于某型军用航空发动机视情维修的DEGT估算方法,使用飞参中记录的低压转子转速和高压转子转速反映航空发动机工况,分别建立了发动机巡航状态和加力状态DEGT估算模型,使DEGT估算可以在每次飞行后进行.对一组实际飞行数据的实验分析表明:该方法得出的DEGT与发动机实际性能退化情况相吻合,能够较好地反映航空发动机的状态,可以应用于军用航空发动机状态监控.     

涡轮后排气温度摆动故障仿真研究

介绍了一种航空发动机低压涡轮后排气温度Tt摆动故障仿真研究方法,分析了导致航空发动机低压涡轮后排气温度摆动故障的典型原因.应用虚拟仪器编程技术,采用模块化编程思想,建立了低压涡轮后排气温度控制系统仿真平台,实现了实际试车过程低压涡轮后排气温度Tt摆动的故障仿真.在传感器信号回路串入低通滤波器进行滤除干扰仿真,根据仿真结果提出了排除Tt摆动故障的方法.经试车验证,此仿真平台能有效指导航空发动机低压涡轮后排气温度控制系统故障排除.     

基于NARX神经网络航空发动机参数动态辨识模型

针对航空发动机参数非线性动态特性,提出一种基于外部输入非线性自回归（NARX）神经网络的发动机参数动态辨识模型。主要思路是根据NARX网络的非线性时序预测特性,结合发动机参数的稳态和动态参数,提出一种基于偏稳态差值预测的NARX参数动态模型结构。设计了SP-P辨识结构,整定了模型内部结构参数并建立N1（低压转子转速）、N2（高压转子转速）、EGT（涡轮后排气温度）参数非线性差分预测模型。最后依据某发动机试车样本,对推杆加减速时N1、N2、EGT动态辨模型进行仿真。仿真结果表明,N2相对误差小于0.2%,N1相对误差小于0.3%,EGT相对误差小于[1℃],满足发动机试车仿真需要。最后,将所建模型应用于某A320机务维修训练器的发动机仿真系统。     

高精度发动机转速信号的测量与模拟技术研究

飞机发动机工作性能如何主要反映于发动机高、低压转子转速、燃油流量和排气温度、滑油压力等技术参数。介绍了如何实现高分辨率、高精度的发动机转速N1、N2信号测量、模拟技术工作原理以及主要性能指标、硬件设计、软件方案等。     

航空发动机排气温度测量通道故障智能检测方法研究

EGT（Exhaust Gas Temperature,排气温度）测量通道故障是一种典型的航空发动机测量系统故障,如果试验过程中不能及时发现,就存在不能及时排除EGT超温、发动机喘振、发动机异常停车等故障的可能,造成重大安全隐患。通过对EGT测量通道故障现象和数据的分析,提出了一种EGT测量通道故障模糊神经网络检测算法。该算法将高压转速偏差、低压转速偏差和排气温度偏差作为模糊逻辑系统的输入参数,通过模糊推理实现故障检测。高压转速、低压转速和排气温度的估计值通过试飞数据训练的神经网络估计模型获得。理论分析和试飞数据验证结果表明,该方法具备实时检测EGT测量通道故障的能力,且具有良好的稳定性,可以满足工程应用要求。     

航空发动机外推部件特性的检验方法分析

在发动机起动模型过程中需通过外推方法获取发动机的低转速部件特性,目前尚无对外推得到部件特性的评价方法和使用过程中的修正方法.针对此问题,在分析压气机、涡轮等部件特性的一般性规律的基础上,将低转速部件特性描述为线性或者近似线性的关系,建立了航空发动机低转速部件特性的评价和修正指导方法,将该方法分别应用于某一已知压气机特性的验证和某型发动机的起动建模的过程中低转速部件特性的修正,仿真结果表明,发动机核心机转速的精度在2％以内.压气机出口总压和涡轮进口温度的动态精度分别为3％和2％.使用该方法不仅可以对外推的部件特性合理性进行判断和评估,还可以指导发动机低转速部件特性的修正,避免部件特性外推和修正过程的盲目性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。