免耕对黑土春夏季节温度和水分的影响

系统研究了彰武松扦插基质、扦插时间、扦插过程的生根特点、插穗生根与温度的关系,结果表明:河沙作为扦插基质生根率达到50%,蛭石达到38%,珍珠岩+草炭(11∶)达到35%,细沙作为基质扦插生根率只有11%。用生根促进剂处理插穗,是提高难生根树种扦插成活率的重要措施,彰武松扦插用100!g.g-1生根促进剂L1处理插穗4h最适宜。彰武松属于愈伤组织生根型.生根长达2～4个月之久,扦插时的地表温度过低(低于20℃)不利于生根;彰武松扦插的最好时间为6月上中旬,在北方地区不要进行秋季扦插。     

日本绣线菊扦插繁殖研究

本实验对日本绣线菊（Spiraeajaponica）的扦插繁殖进行了系统研究,实验结果表明：环境条件明显影响日本绣线菊的扦插成活率,在荫棚下再设塑料小拱棚保湿床能使其平均成活率提高25．8％．NAA、IBA、NAA和IBA的混合剂均能提高日本绣线菊的扦插成活率,但以IBA效果最佳,其浓度50～150mg·L－1都表现出强烈的促进作用,扦插平均成活率为86.7％,最高可达100％。插穗类型影响成活率,嫩枝明显优于硬枝,嫩枝中又以带踵插穗为最佳,平均成活率达95．2％。但经过50mg·L－1IBA处理的硬枝插穗成活率也可达到70％,仍有生产利用价值。日本绣线菊可在6月中旬花前扦插,也可在7月中旬盛花期过后扦插,花后扦插仍有平均75．6％的成活率,而嫩技带踵扦插成活率可高达90％。     

激素处理紫杉（Taxus cupidata）插穗的生根效果

紫杉(Taxuscupidata)扦插生根较困难 ,选用适宜的生根促进剂尤其重要。试验结果表明紫杉扦插插穗处理以NAA加蔗糖在200mg·L -1浸泡360min效果最佳。     

独钅壑ηげ

迨匝槌醣焦笄?071000,河北省保定市河北农业大学林学院荫棚下设沙床并搭塑料小拱棚,进行紫叶李嫩枝扦插实验。结果表明,以IBA500 mgkg处理效果最好,生根率达95% 。林业科技开发CHINA FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY51S662.304D048;52     

草原樱桃硬枝扦插繁殖研究

本研究分析了草原樱桃硬枝扦插生根率低的原因，测定了草原樱桃插条生根抑制物质和营养物质含量，结果表明：草原樱桃硬枝单宁含量高、糖和淀粉含量低是影响扦插效果的主要原因之一。采用适宜的方法解除单宁等抑制生根物质的影响或采用葡萄糖处理，能够显著提高硬枝扦插的生根率。环剥和刻伤对硬枝扦插无显著影响，厚壁组织不是草原樱桃硬枝扦插的障碍。     

扦插植物地下组织构型建模与形态仿真

很多植物都采用扦插育苗,为实现扦插植物的工厂化繁殖,研究其地下组织的生长规律及可视化模拟模型是研发扦插育苗机械化装备的基础之一。为此,基于几何建模的方法,结合扦插植物的繁殖特点,对扦插植物地下组织的构型进行建模;采用VC++及Direct3D图形接口,开发扦插植物地下组织的三维可视化动态仿真程序,并以扦插蔷薇的地下组织为样本进行模拟。结果表明：模拟仿真图形与实际扦插蔷薇的地下组织形态特征相似度较高,模拟数值与实测结果的相对误差小于10%。该研究为植物构型建模仿真提供了一个新的方向。     

土壤质地和水分对水稻土有机碳矿化的影响

通过¹⁴C示踪技术模拟实验（25℃下）研究砂壤土、壤黏土、粉黏土3种质地的水稻土有机碳矿化对水分变化的响应.砂壤土和壤黏土中水稻秸秆（¹⁴C标记）的矿化率在75%田间持水量（WHC）达到最大值,160 d分别约为53%和58%,粉黏土在45%～105% WHC范围内的矿化率处于缓慢升高趋势（41.8%～49.0%）;3种土壤原有有机碳的矿化率都在75% WHC最高,砂壤土为5.8%,壤黏土为8.0%,粉黏土为4.8%,但超过此含水量后,其矿化率显著下降.3种质地水稻土的添加和原有有机碳的矿化率与土壤含水量均呈二次曲线关系（p<0.01）.本研究进一步澄清了淹水对水稻土有机碳矿化的抑制作用.     

Conv-WGAIN:面向多元时序数据缺失的卷积生成对抗插补网络模型

油浸式变压器的油色谱数据是一种多元时序传感数据，设备或网络失误往往会导致数据缺失，通常需要通过插补形成完整数据集，才能用于进一步的业务分析研究。但是，现有的插补模型无法面向多元时序数据同时处理因时间不均匀性和时间双向性带来的插补效率低和效果难以保障的问题，对此提出一种名为Conv-WGAIN的生成对抗插补网络模型，通过构建的插补特征图，可利用二维卷积从前后2个方向学习时间特征，处理时间间隔不均匀的数据；在判别器中引入Wasserstein距离来判别生成插补数据与真实观测数据，提升了生成器的稳定性。在真实项目中的油色谱数据集和3个公开数据集上的实验表明，该模型在多元时序缺失数据上具有普遍适用性，而且在不同的缺失率下的插补结果要优于其他对比模型的，RMSE降低了20.75%～73.37%。     

饲粮中添加柠檬酸对猪群生产性能的影响

选用500头左右生产母猪生产线的母猪、仔猪、保育猪，母猪根据6～10月份的预产期分两组，仔猪根据母猪的分组自然分为两组；保育猪也随母猪的分组自然分为两组，每个处理各有3个重复：生长肉猪根据体重随机分为两组，试验组饲粮中添加1．0‰柠檬酸，对照组不添加。结果表明．在饲粮中添加1．0‰的柠檬酸，可以使哺乳期母猪采食量提高29．40％，仔猪初生体重提高22．96％．21日龄仔猪体重提高29．50％；保育猪日增重提高12．06%，料重比降低7．74％，每出栏1头保育猪．试验组比对照组节约饲料1．71kg，育成率提高0．86％；生长育肥猪日增重提高7．73%，料重比降低5．15％，平均每出栏1头商品猪，试验组比对照组节约饲料12kg，育成率提高2．07%，经济效益显著。     

基于深度学习的织物缺陷在线检测算法

织物缺陷在线检测是纺织行业面临的重大难题，针对当前织物缺陷检测中存在的误检率高、漏检率高、实时性不强等问题，提出了一种基于深度学习的织物缺陷在线检测算法。首先基于GoogLeNet网络架构，并参考其他分类模型的经典算法，搭建出适用于实际生产环境的织物缺陷分类模型；其次利用质检人员标注的不同种类织物图片组建织物缺陷数据库，并用该数据库对织物缺陷分类模型进行训练；最后对高清相机在织物验布机上采集的图片进行分割，并将分割后的小图以批量的方式传入训练好的分类模型，实现对每张小图的分类，以此来检测缺陷并确定其位置。对该模型在织物缺陷数据库上进行了验证。实验结果表明：织物缺陷分类模型平均每张小图的测试时间为0.37 ms，平均测试时间比GoogLeNet减少了67%，比ResNet-50减少了93%；同时模型在测试集上的正确率达到99.99%。说明其准确率与实时性均满足实际工业需求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。