钛硅共晶系合金的微观组织与断裂特征

钛硅共晶系合金的组织形态与传统铸造钛合金组织完全不同，随着Si含量的增多合金塑性变差；断口形貌显示，合金的断裂为明显的脆性断裂，但不同类型的合金断裂机制又不尽相同。试验测试了亚共晶Ti-7%Si合金的共晶Ti-8.5%Si合金的室温和高温拉伸性能。     

硼对Ti-1023合金组织与性能的影响

采用真空自耗电弧炉熔炼添加硼元素的Ti-1023合金铸锭,对其进行一定的变形得到锻造棒材。利用金相显微镜、电子探针、万能材料试验机等设备对其进行宏观、微观组织及性能分析,研究硼元素对铸态与锻态Ti-1023合金组织与性能的影响。研究发现,硼元素作为一种高效的细化剂,能显著细化Ti-1023合金的铸态组织。硼化物倾向于以链状析出,对合金进行充分变形,能使硼化物充分破碎。微量的硼可以显著提高钛合金的强度,当硼含量在0.1%~0.2%(质量分数)时,Ti-1023合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度变化不大,但是塑性下降明显。为了得到良好的强度-塑性匹配,最佳硼添加量不应大于0.1%。     

稀土钇对Ti-Si共晶合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了稀土钇对Ti-Si共晶合金的微合金化作用.结果显示,适量的钇可以提高合金的室温压缩塑性和强度,但合金的断裂方式并没有得到有效改变.微观组织表明,适量钇的加入,改变了原始铸态组织中共晶团的数量和尺寸.     

高密度脉冲电流处理对Ti2AlNb基合金板材的增塑作用

为了优化Ti-22Al-27Nb基合金板材的塑性,研究了高密度脉冲电流(Jmax=6.80～7.09 kA/mm2,tp=110 μs)处理对Ti-22Al-27Nb合金板材力学性能和组织的影响.应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了试样的微观组织和形貌变化,应用单向拉伸试验对不同状态试样的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,高密度脉冲电流处理能够细化Ti-22Al-27Nb合金板材的晶粒,促进塑性的提高.具有细小而均匀显微组织的试样表现出最好的塑性,其伸长率可达到19.4％.对晶粒细化的机制进行了分析,相变过程中形核率的加快和极短的脉冲电流处理时间是晶粒细化的主要原因.     

钇对Ti-23Al-25Nb合金热处理组织及性能的影响

采用DTA分析Ti-23Al-25Nb合金和Ti-23Al-25Nb-0.36Y合金的相变特征,并根据DTA曲线特征制定热处理工艺,用SEM,XRD分析热处理后合金试样的显微组织及相组成,用TEM分析原始组织中钇的存在形式,用Instron-5569万能材料试验机进行室温压缩试验.结果表明,钇在原始组织中以Y2O3形式存在;钇没有改变Ti-23Al-25Nb合金的相变温度;加入钇后,在1320℃淬火,B2相晶粒比较粗大,随着淬火温度的降低,O相增加,并且O相板条变细而杂乱,有利于提高合金的塑性和抗蠕变性能;加入钇后,合金强度提高,原因是第二相粒子Y2O3弥散强化的结果.     

粉末冶金Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金组织演变及其力学行为

采用粉末冶金法对不同球磨时间的Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金机械合金化粉末塑变行为,热压烧结材料的微观组织结构和力学行为进行了研究。研究结果表明：塑性良好的Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V粉末随着球磨时间增加首先变形为大尺寸的片状、后经持续的加工硬化破碎成絮状;热压烧结能够制备微观组织可控晶粒细化的Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金,合金由单一的Nbss相构成,Ti、Al、Cr、V元素固溶引起Nb晶格尺寸减小0.0685 ?;随着球磨时间增加合金晶粒明显细化进而显著提高了合金的维氏硬度和室温压缩强度,其变化符合材料硬度和强度的Hall-Petch规律。粉末冶金制备Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金的各项力学性能明显优于熔铸法制备合金。     

粉末冶金Ti—NdAl合金烧结行为及组织性能的研究

用元素混合法研究了粉末冶金Ti-NdAl合金的烧结致密化行为及力学性能。结果表明,粉末冶金Ti-NdAl合金中由于稀土元素钕的存在,其烧结过程中出现液相,同时稀土钕对钛粉末表面氧有净化作用,二者促进了粉末钛的致密化过程。烧结密度可以达到99％以上。显微组织分析表明,粉末烧结Ti-NdAl合金是单相。相,随着钕含量的增加,晶粒细化。该合金烧结态试样中存在生长孪晶。对粉末冶金Ti-NdAl合金的室温力学性能检测结果表明,随着稀土钕含量的增加,Ti-NdAl合金室温拉伸强度不变,而塑性得到大幅度改善。Ti-1．6％Nd0．4％Al合金的强度为728MPa,延伸率为15％。     

新型RE-Al-Ti-B中间合金的制备及其对α-Al细化后重熔细化效果的研究

借助于X射线衍射、扫描电镜、光学显微镜,研究了采用熔配法制备新型稀土铝钛硼中间合金时,强力搅拌对稀土铝钛硼中间合金显微组织的影响,以及稀土铝钛硼中间合金对α-Al细化后重熔组织的影响.结果表明,强力搅拌对稀土铝钛硼中间合金显微组织产生积极影响,强力搅拌后其中间合金组织分布越均匀,有效形核核心就越多,细化后重熔细化效果越好.细化后第1次重熔细化效果不降低,随着重熔次数的增加,形核核心聚集沉淀,有效形核核心减少,重熔细化效果衰退.     

温度和氧含量对Ti-2Al合金拉伸力学行为和断裂方式的耦合影响

研究高氧含量(0.30%,质量分数,下同)、工业水平氧含量(0.16%)和极低氧含量(0.06%) 3种Ti-2Al合金在低温(77 K)、室温和高温(673 K)下的拉伸力学行为。结果表明：低温和室温下,随着氧含量的升高,材料强度提高,塑性降低。然而,高温673 K下,不同氧含量Ti-2Al合金强度和塑性基本相同,材料强度和塑性对氧含量的依赖性显著降低。氧含量较低时,温度对Ti-2Al合金塑性影响很小。微观组织观察表明,随着温度的升高,工业水平及高氧含量Ti-2Al合金拉伸断口由脆性解理转变为延性韧窝。高温环境下,固溶氧原子扩散速率提高使Cottrel气团对位错滑移的阻碍减弱,均匀变形的结果导致高氧含量Ti-2Al合金延性改善。     

低压交流电脉冲下Al-7%Si合金晶粒细化机理研究

采用不同凝固阶段施加低压交流电脉冲以及在模具中嵌入不同直径金属网限制熔体对流的方法,研究了低压交流电脉冲细化Al-7%Si合金宏观凝固组织的机理。结果表明,低压交流电脉冲处理620℃以上的过热熔体以及在a-Al初生相生长后半阶段施加电脉冲均不会细化合金晶粒,晶粒细化主要发生在a-Al初生相形核阶段和生长前半阶段。金属网内外晶粒均得到了细化,但网外晶粒更细小,且网内微观组织为发达的树枝晶,网外为蔷薇状组织。低压交流电脉冲孕育效应及Joule热效应不会对Al-7%Si合金晶粒细化产生明显影响,合金晶粒细化主要是电磁力诱导的熔体流动引起晶核增殖和脉冲电流作用下形核动力学改变而引起形核率增加协同作用的结果。     

Ti-8.15Si合金组织与性能研究

使用冷壁坩埚真空感应炉熔炼及金属模铸造方法,制备了Ti-8.15Si合金。利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM、多功能试验机等技术,研究了合金的凝固组织特点、热处理对组织形貌的影响及抗压性能。结果表明,Ti-8.15Si合金可以获得αTi和Ti5Si3化合物形成的共晶组织,初生Ti5Si3相为比较粗大的棒状,共晶Ti5Si3相为细小的枝状或棒状,横断面呈六角形结构。1323K保温60min热处理使粗大棒状的Ti5Si3相显著减小;枝状Ti5Si3相变成非连续的、细小的粒状形态,改进了抗压综合性能。保温120minTi5Si3相逐渐长大,并且有少量块状的Ti3Si相生成,保温时间延长到180min,Ti3Si相数量明显增多,材料的硬度和抗压强度增加,塑性降低。     

Effects of cooling rate and B content on microstructure of near-eutectic Al-13wt%Si Alloy

Under cooling rates of 2 ℃/s and 10℃/s, the influences of B content on the microstructure of near eutectic Al-13.0wt%Si alloy have been investigated. Results showed that the addition of boron resulted in refinement of eutectic grains, and to some extent, had an inhibiting effect on precipitation of the primary phases, and the refining and inhibiting effects are much more obvious at higher cooling rate. When B was not added, higher cooling rate promoted the α-Al dendrites formation. At lower cooling rate, the addition of B did not cause the so called ＂columnar to equiaxed transition （CET）＂, however, at higher cooling rate, this transition was obvious. After the addition of B, the nucleation temperature TN ascended and nucleation mode changed from nucleation mode of from wall towards centre （without B addition） to a nucleation mode that the eutectic nucleated evenly throughout whole sample （with B added）. It can be concluded that the addition of B offers a large amount of nuclei for eutectic solidification, as a result, the eutectic grains was refined. Higher cooling rate will lead to more nuclei, so the effects on the refinement of eutectic grains and on suppression of primary phases are increased.     

Microstructure and properties of a beta-solidifying TiAl-based alloy with different refiners

This study systematically compared the influences of yttrium(Y),boron(B),and carbon(C) on the microstructural refinement and properties of a Ti-43Al-5Nb alloy.The microstructural refinement effect in the TiAl alloy closely depends on the refiner used.The refinement effects of the three elements on colony size and lamellar thickness can be arranged as B Y C and Y C B,respectively.Moreover,a microstructure with a small grain size and ultra-fine lamellar spacing can be obtained by adding B and Y or B and C.The mechanical properties of TiAl alloy are also influenced by the refiners.TiAl alloys with proper B and Y contents exhibit favorable hot workability,tensile properties,and fracture toughness,whereas the C-containing alloy displays poor tensile properties and low fracture toughness.These results indicate that Y and B are more suitable microstructure refiners than C.This study may serve as a reference for practical alloying design.     

RE-X二元合金相图的热力学数据库

利用CALPHAD方法,采用亚正规溶体模型、亚点阵模型以及理想气体模型来描述RE-X(Ag,Bi,Cr,Mn,Mo,V,Zn)中二元系各相的Gibbs自由能,并结合相平衡及热力学性质的实验结果,对Ag-RE(RE:Sc,Y Nd,Sm,Gd,.Tb,Ho,Er)、Bi-RE(RE:Nd,Tm,Er,Ho,Pr,Gd)、...     

Improvement of compressive strength and ductility in NiAl based eutectic alloy by uniform high magnetic field treatment

With the development of superconducting technology, high magnetic fields (HMF) provide unique opportunity for materials and physics scientists to extend or exploit high performance of existing materials. In this paper, we report our findings of the improvement of compressive strength and ductility in a NiAl based eutectic alloy induced by high uniform magnetic field treatment. It shows that the compressive strength and ductility of NiAl–Cr(Mo)–(Ti,Hf) eutectic alloy were improved by 100 MPa and 12% respectively after 11T uniform magnetic field treatment. Microstructural characterization and fractography observation suggested that the modification of morphology and dispersed distribution of constituent phases through atomic diffusion induced by the HMF treatment could be responsible for the improvement of mechanical performance.     

Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Ti-44Al6-Nb ingots

In order to improve the mechanical properties of Ti Al alloys, especially the ductility at room temperature, and to study the effect of boron(B) on Ti Al alloys, different contents(0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, at.%) of B were added into Ti-44Al-6Nb alloys to prepare ingots. The surface quality, macrostructure, microstructure, compressive properties and fracture surface of the ingots were studied. The results show that B has little influence on the surface quality except that there are some dark spots on the surface when the content of B is 0.9%. B can refine the grains. The average grain size decrease from about 0.8 mm to 0.088 mm with increasing B content. Meanwhile, the grain morphology of these ingots changes from big equiaxed grains with lamellars to fine equiaxed grains. When the content of B is 1.2%, the primary Ti B2 phase forms in the liquid phase and increases the nucleation rate, leading to further refinement of the grains. The compressive testing results show that B can increase the strength and the ductility, the compressive strength and compressibility can reach 2,037.8 MPa and 26.7% from 1,156.2 MPa and 10.2% when the boron content is 0.6%, which is resulted from grain refining and grain boundary strengthening. It is found that the compressive strength and the compressibility are relatively stable when the B content is more than 0.3%.     

Fe和Mo元素对TiAl金属间化合物显微组织和性能的影响(英文)

β相可以提高TiAl金属间化合物的塑性。通过显微组织分析和变形行为的评估研究β稳定性元素Fe和Mo对Ti-45Al-xFe-yMo(x,y=1,2,3,4)合金的影响。结果表明:合金中的B2(β)相随着Fe和Mo元素含量的增加而增多,Mo表现出强的β稳定性。加入3%Fe和2%Mo后,合金的晶粒得到细化,其尺寸达到12-m。由于具有一定量的β相,细化后的Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo合金在790℃具有良好的塑性。     

稀土元素和Ti对ZM5镁合金组织和性能的影响

用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪分析了添加稀土元素Y、Nd和钛中间合金的Mg-8．5Al-0．5Zn（ZM5）合金的组织和相组成,测试了合金的室温力学性能。结果表明,添加稀土元素Y、Nd的ZM5镁合金中出现了新的镁．稀土相MgY、Mg12Nd,而在同时添加稀土元素Y、Nd和钛中间合金的合金中,还出现了新相Ti2Mg3Al18;添加稀土元素Y、Nd的ZM5镁合金在拉伸性能、硬度以及组织都明显优于ZM5镁合金,而同时添加稀土元素和Ti合金的镁合金其性能又显著优于单独添加Y或Nd的合金。     

Effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of NiAl-based eutectic alloy

The effects of rare earth elements (REEs) (like Y, Ce, Nd and Dy) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast NiAl–28Cr–5.5Mo–0.5Hf alloy were investigated. The results suggest that the microstructure of REEs-doped alloys gradually refines with increasing REEs addition and the appropriate addition of REEs can improve the compressive ductility and yield strength at room temperature. In addition, REEs additions increase the elevated temperature strength and deformation ability of the alloys. The elevated temperature compression deformation behavior of Nd-doped alloy can be properly described by power-law equation.