铜-石墨复合电极材料制备及抗电蚀性能分析

通过复合电铸技术,在耐电蚀性强的铜主体中引入抗电蚀性能优异的石墨微粉,制备了铜-石墨复合电极材料,探讨了复合电沉积条件与石墨含量的关系,用扫描电子显微镜分析了复合铸层的形貌特点,测定了表面粗糙度和显微硬度,试验研究了复合电极材料的抗电蚀能力。结果表明,在一定工艺条件下制备的铜-石墨复合电极材料表现出较优异的抗电蚀性能。     

超声电沉积制备电火花加工铜电极的研究

电火花加工中,电极是影响加工质量和加工效率的重要因素。电沉积是制备电极材料的有效方法,为了改善沉积层质量,将超声场引入到电沉积中,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察电铸铜层微观形貌,并测试显微硬度和电火花耐电蚀性。结果表明,超声电沉积得到的铜铸层晶粒更加细小、均匀,致密性好;显微硬度比普通电沉积铜提高20%以上;电极相对损耗低,抗电蚀性能得到提高。     

电铸工艺对工具电极材料抗电蚀性能的影响研究

提升基于准LIGA工艺制作的微细电火花加工工具电极材料的耐电蚀能力,是准LIGAMicroEDM组合加工高深宽比三维微结构可靠实现的重要研究内容。论述了该组合加工的技术优势及其工艺路线,理论分析了电铸电极材料电蚀性的影响因素,试验研究了电沉积工艺参数和操作条件如添加剂种类及其添加量、电流密度、温度等对电铸铜工具电极电蚀能力的影响。结果表明,组合添加适量明胶和Cl-,在适当的电流密度和温度等工作条件下,电铸出的铜工具电极在微细电火花加工中表现出超强的耐电蚀能力,重量相对损耗为0.3%。     

绝缘用硅橡胶直流耐漏电起痕试验影响因素探讨

参照GB／T6553-2003标准的试验方法,试验研究了在直流电压下,电极极性、电极材料、污液流量、电压值和污液电阻率等因素对硅橡胶材料耐电痕化和电蚀损性能试验结果的影响,并对参照GB／T6553—2003标准进行直流耐漏电起痕试验提出了建议。     

涡轮叶片冷却孔电火花加工管电极的铜电铸层制备及其抗电蚀性

以降低高温镍基合金涡轮叶片冷却孔电火花加工电极损耗率为目标,基于精密电铸工艺,优化了铸液工艺参数,在添加纳米La₂O₃条件下制备了铜管电极的铜电铸层,并将其与未添加La₂O₃所制备的铜电铸层进行了材料性能对比分析。以Inconel 718镍基合金叶片冷却孔为加工对象,利用所制备的带有纯铜电铸层的管电极进行了抗电蚀性能对比研究。试验结果表明：铸液中La₂O₃的添加量为1.2g/L时,铜电铸层晶粒最细,晶粒平均直径为15.9μm,表面粗糙度降至0.140μm,显微硬度可达98.2HV;用其制成的铜管电极损耗率较普通紫铜管电极和未添加纳米La₂O₃的铜管电极损耗率分别降低了13.29%和7.26%。     

无铅铜基石墨复合材料性能研究

以化学镀方法制备的镀镍石墨粉取代铜基轴承材料中的铅,采用粉末冶金方法制备无铅铜基石墨复合材料,考察铜基石墨复合材料的界面结合、力学性能及其摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:化学镀方法在石墨表面形成的镀镍层能改善铜与石墨之间的界面结合,提高铜基石墨复合材料的力学性能;2%镀镍石墨无铅铜基复合材料的减摩、抗黏着性能及承载能力都优于典型铜铅材料。     

多晶金刚石微粉的制备及其得率和耐磨性

以土状石墨粉和铜粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备了铜/石墨材料,然后采用冲击波合成工艺制备了多晶金刚石微粉;研究了铜含量、石墨粒径、热处理以及复压工艺对其得率和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:多晶金刚石微粉的得率随铜含量的增加而增大,随石墨粒径的增大而先增后降,粒径为70μm时的得率最高;复压前,多晶金刚石微粉的得率随热处理温度的升高先略增加后又急剧降低,复压后,得率随热处理温度的升高而增大;制备工艺对多晶金刚石微粉耐磨性能的影响较小。     

碳纤维／石墨复合电刷材料性能的研究

将不同体积百分数的碳纤维和石墨一起以适当工世复合制得了碳纤维／石墨复合电刷材料，并对所得复合材料的理化性能和电接触性能进行了测试分析，从而探讨碳纤维用于制造复合电刷材料的可能性。     

电火花加工中减小电极损耗的方法和实验研究

制作一种电火花小孔加工用Cu-Ni复合电极,其原理是基于电镀层和基体材料性能的差异,改变电极材料电蚀性能,保证电极端面和侧面的均匀损耗。在D703F型高速电火花小孔加工机床上,用Cu-Ni电极加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢材料,与常用的普通铜管电极对比。结果表明:在相同的加工条件下,Cu-Ni复合电极的电极损耗明显降低,同时改善了因电极损耗引起的被加工工件的尺寸精度和形状精度。     

TiB_2含量对TiB_2/Cu复合材料抗电蚀性能的影响

以纳米级TiB2粉体为增强相,采用粉末冶金法制备了不同TiB2含量的TiB2/Cu复合材料,用JF04C型电接触触点材料测试系统研究了TiB2含量对复合材料抗电蚀性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的电弧侵蚀形貌。结果表明:随着TiB2含量的增加,复合材料的燃弧能量逐渐降低,整体抗电蚀性能提高,复合材料表面电弧侵蚀熔化程度减轻。     

陶瓷粉末种类对聚氨酯复合材料冲蚀磨损性能的影响

用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)反应,与不同种类的陶瓷粉末进行共混,制得耐磨蚀聚氨酯复合材料。评价了聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的耐磨性,通过扫描电镜观察了聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的磨损形貌,探讨了陶瓷粉末增强聚氨酯弹性体的磨损机制。结果表明:当—NCO含量为6.35%,Si3N4粉末、TiN粉末质量分数为10%时,耐磨性能最好,分别提高纯聚氨酯弹性体抗冲蚀磨损性能1.88倍和2.81倍。     

纳米氧化镍/锌复合材料的制备及在热浸镀中的应用

用高能球磨法制备了纳米氧化镍/锌复合粉末,然后通过真空热压法将其制成块体复合材料,并熔化于锌液中,在45钢基片上进行热浸镀;用XRD、TEM、FESEM和EDS等对复合粉末、块体复合材料的组织、结构进行了分析;用腐蚀失重法、冲蚀磨损法研究了镀层的耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能。结果表明:用高能球磨法制备的纳米氧化镍/锌复合粉末中,纳米氧化镍颗粒弥散均匀分布在锌颗粒上;纳米氧化镍颗粒的加入能显著提高镀层的耐磨性能,而对耐腐蚀性能影响不大。     

Comparative Study on Wear Behaviors of Metal-Impregnated Carbon Material and C/C Composite Under Electrical Sliding

In this article, the wear behavior of metal-impregnated carbon materials (MIC) and carbon–carbon composites(C-C) was investigated using a self-made current-carrying wear tester producing an electrical current of 40–160 A and a contact speed of 10–50 m/s. The worn surfaces were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a new parameter for current-carrying stability that describes the stability of the current as a function of wear was proposed. The results indicate that the wear rate of both materials tested increased with either an increase in electrical current or contact sliding speed. Compared to the metal-impregnated carbon material, the C-C composite material not only displayed superior wear resistance but superior current-carrying stability as well. With increasing electrical current, the current-carrying stability of the two materials changed within a narrow range at a speed of 20 m/s and decreased at a speed of 50 m/s. Wear failure was mainly due to electrical erosion occurring at high speed and high current.     

聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的抗冲蚀磨损性能研究

用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯反应后，与陶瓷粉末进行共混，制得抗冲蚀磨损的聚氨酯复合材料。用相对抗冲蚀磨损性法评价了聚氨酯陶瓷复合材料的耐磨性，通过扫描电镜观察了聚氨酯复合材料的磨损形貌，解释了微米级陶瓷粉末增强聚氨酯的抗冲蚀磨损性能机理。结果表明，Si3N4粉末质量分数在5％～10％时，复合材料抗冲蚀磨损性能是聚氨酯的1．87倍，TiN聚氨酯复合材料抗冲蚀磨损性能是聚氨酯的2．81倍。     

反应合成制备Ag/CuO电触头材料及其组织性能

采用XRD、SEM、力学性能测试等手段,深入研究了反应合成技术制备的Ag／CuO电触头材料的组织性能。结果表明：反应合成技术制备的Ag／CuO复合材料具有独特的环状显微组织特点,这种组织有利于材料的后续加工。电接触寿命试验结果表明：反应合成所制备的Ag／CuO电触头材料具有优良的交流电接触寿命,与同质量分数的Ag／SnO2材料相当。     

微米硬质相对相变增韧陶瓷刀具材料的影响

本文分别研究了微米TiC和微米TiN对陶瓷刀具材料Al2O3-3Y-ZrO2微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加微米TiC后,陶瓷刀具材料的断裂韧度略有下降。添加微米TiN的陶瓷刀具材料A5Nm20Z在烧结温度为1650℃、烧结压力为30MPa和保温时间为30min时的力学性能最好,抗弯强度、断裂韧度和维氏硬度分别为845.14MPa、4.87MPa·m1/2和16.40GPa。     

Cavitation erosion of aluminum matrix sintered composite with AlN dispersoids

The cavitation erosion resistance of P/M aluminum alloy-sintered composite with AlN dispersoids, prepared via the in situ synthesis and the conventional premixing process, was evaluated by using magnetostrictive-vibration type equipment. In situ synthesized AlN particles were effective for the improvement of the erosion resistance of the composite because of their good bonding with the aluminum matrix. The additive AlN by the premixing process were easily detached from the specimen surface due to the insufficient coherence with the matrix, and caused the poor resistance. The cavitation resistance also depended on the porosity of the sintered composite. The continuously opened pores accelerated the wear phenomena by the cavitation due to the high-pressure attack on the primary particle boundaries of sintered materials in the collapse of the bubbles.     

Tribological Properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/CuCrZr Composites

Al₂O₃ particles reinforced Cu–Cr–Zr alloy matrix composite was fabricated through a powder metallurgy plus hot extrusion process by using the water atomization Cu–Cr–Zr powder as raw material. The effect of aging treatment on the tribological behavior of the composite was investigated. Experimental results show that tiny coherent precipitated phases were formed in the matrix after proper aging treatment and therefore good combination properties could be obtained. The wear rates of the Al₂O₃/CuCrZr composite and its matrix alloy were obviously influenced by the aging treatment, wherein the best wear resistance was reached at the aging temperature corresponding to the highest Vickers hardness. The major reason was that the depth of plastic deformation in the subsurface region was dramatically decreased due to the improvement of mechanical properties of the matrix, and therefore adhesion induced surface materials loss could be markedly alleviated. By comparing with the SiC20 vol%/Cu composite, it is indicated that the Al₂O₃/CuCrZr composite exhibited much better wear resistance as well as higher electrical conductivity.     

Synergetic effect of BN for the electrical conductivity of CNT/PAN composite fiber

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers in composite materials improve electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Boron nitride (BN) is an insulating material that is also thermally stable. Therefore, CNT and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) fillers have been used to obtain composite materials’ high electrical conductivity. In this study, CNT-hBN/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were spun using simple wet-spinning and the effect of hBN on the electrical conductivity of the CNT-hBN/PAN composite was investigated. Contrary to predictions, as the content of the insulating material, BN, increased up to 15 wt%, the electrical resistance of the composite fiber decreased.