阵列型空气轴承特,陛与供气压强关系的仿真分析

基于FLUENT采用三维双精度标准κ-ε粘性湍流模型,仿真了供气压强为6、7、8、9和10 atm时的同孔径等间距孔式静压空气平面轴承节流器4×4阵列,得到了五种压强下阵列多节流器耦合后的质量流量、气膜平均压强等关键性能参数及气膜静压强分布、速度分布等.仿真数据表明:总质量流量与供气压强成比例;增大供气压强可提高气浮垫的平均气膜压强即承栽能力.从气膜压强和速度关于位置坐标的累积分布得到了不同供气压强下阵列气膜区压强、气体速度的耦合关系.仿真结果能指导静压空气平面轴承的优化设计,为辨识多节流器阵列气膜压强和气体速度分布等理论模型提供了仿真数据.     

空气轴承节流器阵列气膜压强的等效电路建模

对于空气轴承中气膜的复杂湍流运动,无法直接用解析法求解其雷诺方程。针对计算流体力学(Computational fluiddynamics,CFD)方法计算大规模节流器阵列气膜压强分布所需时间较长的问题,提出一种结合节流器单元气膜等效电路建模与分段非线性插值的气膜压强分布解析计算方法。在CFD仿真得到单元气膜压强分布的基础上,建立以线性电阻网络表示的多端口单元气膜稳态等效电路模型,确定了其中的模型参数。通过对单元气膜进行区域划分,借助PSpice电路仿真得到的关键点电位数据,确定气膜压强的分区段插值函数,从而计算得到单元气膜承载力,与CFD仿真结果相比误差为3.7%。通过16个单元的互联建立4 4阵列等效电路模型,可快速计算出阵列气膜的承载力。与CFD仿真相比,4 4阵列等效电路模型的计算误差为8.74%,而计算速度提高三个数量级以上。     

小孔节流型气体静压节流器能效研究

针对气体静压润滑技术中的能量利用效率与能效评估长期没有得到解决的问题,本文以三种三坐标测量机用精密节流器为例,建立了能效评估理论模型与实验分析方法。首先,从气体状态出发,在气动功率的基础上引入压缩因子等建立流入节流器的压缩空气压缩能模型。其次,依据气膜场的压力、承载力建立节流器的气浮功模型。然后,由两种功-能模型建立节流器的能效理论。最后,通过多参数试验对三种节流器进行能效测试。结果表明:三种节流器均在进气管路内径为2 mm、供气压强为0.3 MPa时获得最佳能效。其中,工作面积最大的双UA型节流器能效最大可达17.8%。总之,节流器的能效与供气压强、进气流量呈负相关、与承载力呈正相关;当其他条件相同时,节流器的能效与工作面积在一定范围内呈正相关关系。论文研究对气源配置、静压系统总体设计理论具有重要参考价值。     

高速水润滑动静压轴承环面节流器节流系数研究

采用Fluent建立了用于高速水润滑动静压轴承的环面节流器的有限元模型,计算了环面节流器的流场,研究了小孔直径、油膜厚度、压力差和主轴转速与节流系数的关系,探讨了节流系数的变化规律。结果表明:在油膜厚度较小时,节流器性能主要取决于轴颈线速度和压力差,说明在半径间隙较小的高速水润滑动静压轴承性能计算中,根据运行参数取节流系数是很有必要的。     

基于CFD的压裂施工中定压节流器结构优化

为了减轻压裂过程中流体对定压节流器和外面套管的损坏,利用流体动力学分析软件FLUENT中的标准k-ε模型,对节流器附近流场和压力分布进行数值模拟分析,进而对套管内封隔器分段压裂工艺中定压节流器的入口形状和出口形状进行优化。计算结果表明,该模型中的节流器空腔内壁存在冲蚀破坏,这主要是由于节流器入口附近有旋流场存在;节流器入口采用流线形过渡形状,可以减弱入口处的旋流场;近似流线形的节流器出口形状能保证在较高的节流器底部压力的条件下,降低工具内壁的动压力,在射流处起到整流作用的同时,降低湍流强度,有利于减弱工具内壁所受冲蚀;组合使用入口过渡形状和流线形出口结构能有效减弱压裂过程中流体对压裂工具的冲蚀破坏。     

减振器双节流孔闭式油路稳态行为特征有限元分析

本文以汽车减振器工作状态为基础原型，用高级有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了双节流孔闭式油路稳态模型，分析了不同阀振速度下减振器模型的内部流场、压力场、剪应力场分布的变化规律，为复杂闭式油路边界形状设计提供理论依据；同时也分析了计算了此模型中节流孔壁剪应力与减振速度的函数关系以及壁压力与节流孔长度的关系，为以后的节流流孔阻尼力计算提供数值基础。     

环矩形真空吸浮导轨的仿真研究

基于设计给定的气浮静压垫结构参数,建立流体边界模型,利用流体分析软件进行分析,得出气体的流动轨迹、压强及速度的分布曲线.分析曲线表明:压强分布为在节流孔正对的位置最大,其他方向压强都减小;中间与气腔正对的部分压强最小,到边缘减小为零.气流速度在节流孔正对的区域最小;速度在中间层最大.通过分析可以为优化静压垫的结构、提高导轨刚度和承载能力提供理论依据.     

电液伺服阀喷嘴挡板阀流场分析

分析了力反馈两级电液伺服阀喷嘴挡板阀处的流场.首先利用Gambit软件进行网格划分,建立Solidworks三维模型,采用CFD计算流体动力学方法得到了喷嘴挡板一级阀的压力场和速度场.结果表明:固定节流口、喷嘴挡板间隙和回油阻尼口处存在节流减压现象,最高流速发生在固定节流口和喷嘴挡板间隙处.分析结果对喷嘴挡板阀的数字化...     

变截面节流器对空气静压轴承承载性能的影响

为了分析可变截面节流器对空气静压轴承性能的影响,提出了变截面节流器的空气静压轴承模型,通过轴承承载表面弹性薄板的挠度变形实现节流器截面形状的动态变化。建立固体薄板变形和气体润滑的耦合偏微分方程,采用有限差分法和超松弛迭代法对耦合方程进行离散和数值求解。计算结果表明:节流器的截面形状直接决定了数值计算过程中喷嘴系数的大小,与刚性节流器的空气静压轴承相比,变截面节流器的空气静压轴承刚度提高了15%,在较高承载力的情况下能够获得更大的刚度。实验测试结果和理论分析基本一致,变截面节流器的设计方法能够有效提高空气静压轴承的静特性。     

气体静压径向轴承气膜流场及承载特性分析

研究偏心率及不同供气压强条件下,气体静压径向轴承节流孔附近的气膜流场特性及承载力变化情况,并通过优化节流孔张角,提高轴承承载力。建立气体静压径向轴承三维模型,划分网格并确立模型的边界条件,采用Fluent软件对轴承内部气膜流场进行仿真计算。计算结果表明,气体静压径向轴承偏心率的增加,会导致区域气膜的压力差增大,从而提高轴承的承载力。轴承承载力同样会随着供气压强的增大而增大,但增幅会随着供气压强的增大而逐渐变小。但当供气压强增加到临界值时,由于节流孔附近激波的出现,将导致承载力随着供气压强的进一步增大而降低。通过改变轴承节流孔张角,可消除轴承气膜内的涡流现象,并改善气膜流场特性,降低能量损失,提高轴承承载力。经过分析对比,发现最优节流孔张角介于50°到60°之间。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.