3-巯基丙酸和L-半胱氨酸修饰的ZnS掺Mn量子点对金属离子传感机理的探讨

由于量子点优异的荧光性质,基于量子点的荧光分析法的应用已经十分广泛,而量子点的磷光性质及其在分析检测中的应用得到的关注仍然较少。相对荧光分析法,室温磷光法（Room—temperature phosphorescence．RTP）具有很多的优点：磷光相对于荧光是一种更为少见的现象,     

基于CdTe／CdS量子点与金纳米粒子的荧光共振能量转移测定三聚氰胺

量子点具有良好的光学性能和高的光致发光量子产率,已广泛应用于生物分析。该文利用金纳米粒子（AuNPs）与CdTe／CdS量子点相互作用,发生荧光共振能量转移（FRET）而猝灭Cdrre／CdS量子点的荧光．加入三聚氰胺后使量子点的荧光恢复这一现象,建立了一种基于CdTe／CdS量子点与AuNPs的FRET测定三聚氰胺的高灵敏方法。     

水溶性量子点CdSe／ZnS与蛋白质非特异性相互作用研究

研究了巯基乙酸修饰的水溶性量子点CdSe/ZnS与不同蛋白质的非特异性相互作用.发现牛血清白蛋白,卵清蛋白,血红蛋白和免疫球蛋白G均能增强巯基乙酸修饰的水溶性量子点CdSe/ZnS的荧光,而细胞色素C却使量子点的荧光猝灭;探讨了量子点与蛋白质作用导致荧光强度变化的原因.这些结果表明,在使用巯基乙酸修饰的水溶性CdSe/ZnS量子点作为生物探针时,必须要考虑不同蛋白质与量子点的非特异性相互作用.     

量子点功能化与电化学生物传感

量子点材料由其优异的光电学性质,无论在基础研究还是在实际应用方面都具有重要的价值。与传统的荧光探针相比,量子点的激发光谱宽且连续分布,发射光谱呈对称性且宽度较窄。颜色可调。量子点的这些特性使其广泛应用在生物分析中。该文近期在量子点的组装、功能化和电化学生物传感方面开展了一些研究。     

基于近红外荧光量子点的防伪技术基础研究

提出了一种新型的利用近红外荧光量子点作为载体的防伪方法,并进行了相关基础研究,应对了产品市场对防伪技术不断革新的需要;设计了微弱荧光光谱测试系统,系统研究了双波长荧光量子点防伪识别技术,得出双波长荧光光谱识别的基本方法,将近红外荧光量子点的荧光强度之间的差异作为识别的依据,设计出相应的编码方法即可以对信息进行加密;测试结果表明该方法切实可行;研究结果对近红外荧光量子点的防伪识别有重要的指导意义,为防伪技术打开了更广阔的发展空间。     

量子点的近红外调控研究进展概述

近红外荧光因其更好的组织穿透能力,更低的背景干扰,在超灵敏活体成像以及多光谱生物成像应用中具有明显优势。文章根据量子点的组分以及结构信息,综述了近年来量子点近红外调控的研究进展,并对基于结构以及组分相结合的复合调控,及其无毒近红外量子点发展进行了展望。     

发光纳米材料和量子点化学传感及其机理

介绍了荧光和磷光纳米材料的种类,如无机半导体量子点,金属离子掺杂的半导体量子点,金属纳米粒子或纳米簇,硅点,碳点和石墨烯点等。接着阐述了这些纳米材料的光致发光的光物理机制和猝灭或增强的一般性原理。最后简要综述了量子点或纳米材料发光的猝灭或增强现象在化学传感中的应用和具体的响应机理。     

含氮碳量子点的电化学制备及其在铜离子检测中的应用

碳量子点作为一种新型的碳纳米荧光材料,由于其具有生物相容性好等优点而备受关注。该文以乙二胺为原料,通过电化学方法,制备了一种含氮碳量子点。该含氮碳量子点,同时具有单光子和双光子荧光响应特性,且耐光漂白和pH稳定。利用Cu2+对所制备的含氮碳量子的荧光淬灭特性于离子检测的试验表明,该含氮碳量子点可用于微量Cu2+的定量分析。     

Grover算法改进与应用综述

量子信息科学是一门新兴的交叉学科,它在信息领域中有着独特的性能,在提高运算速度、确保信息安全、增大信息容量和提高检测精度等方面可突破现有经典信息系统的极限.Grover算法是一类典型的量子算法,能够对任意经典暴力穷举搜索问题实现二次加速,进一步推动了量子计算的发展,如何有效地改进和应用Grover算法成为量子计算的一个重要研究领域.文中综述了Grover算法的优化改进和应用,对Grover算法在不同领域应用及不同方面的改进进行了概述,并对Grover算法未来的改进和相关应用的若干研究方向进行了探讨.     

分子马达微动力生物传感器

以分子马达技术为核心,集成免疫识别、荧光探针标记与检测、阵列微接触印刷和量子点荧光编码控制等技术,建立一个全新概念的快速检测技术体系;首次用量子点构建生物分子马达杂交体生物传感器,可同时检测多种不同病毒。     

Preface

It is our great honor to announce the publication of this special section on AI and big data analytics in biology and medicine in the Journal of Computing Science and Technology (JCST). As more and more modern biological and medical data are produced,artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics are playing an increasingly important role in helping to draw meaningful and logical conclusions about biology and medicine.Understanding biological and medical data will help answer important life questions on Earth,find solutions to global health problems,and even help solve tough problems such as drug design and disease diagnosis.The information obtained from biology and medicine is not only very detailed,but also has unique properties such as low quality data,big data sizes,different complex formats,high dimensions,many duplications and much noise,and so on.They all require special skills or unique tools for analysis and interpretation.Thus,a lot of studies using AI and big data analytics on biological and medical data are becoming very popular and hot topics in the computer science research field.     

Intelligent systems in biology: why the excitement?

Biology has rapidly become a data-rich, information-hungry science because of recent massive data generation technologies. Our biological colleagues are designing more clever and informative experiments because of recent advances in molecular science. These experiments and data hold the key to the deepest secrets of biology and medicine, but we cannot fully analyze this data due to the wealth and complexity of the information available. The result is a great need for intelligent systems in biology. There are many opportunities for intelligent systems to help produce knowledge in biology and medicine. Intelligent systems probably helped design the last drug your doctor prescribed, and they were probably involved in some aspect of the last medical care you received. Intelligent computational analysis of the human genome will drive medicine for at least the next half-century. Intelligent systems are working on gene expression data to help understand genetic regulation and ultimately the regulated control of all life processes including cancer, regeneration, and aging. Knowledge bases of metabolic pathways and other biological networks make inferences in systems biology that, for example, let a pharmaceutical program target a pathogen pathway that does not exist in humans, resulting in fewer side effects to patients. Modern intelligent analysis of biological sequences produces the most accurate picture of evolution ever achieved. Knowledge-based empirical approaches currently are the most successful method known for general protein structure prediction. Intelligent literature-access systems exploit a knowledge flow exceeding half a million biomedical articles per year. Machine learning systems exploit heterogenous online databases whose exponential growth mimics Moore's law.     

电化学DNA传感器研究进展

电化学脱氧核糖核酸DNA（desoxyribonucleic acid)传感器作为一种全新思想的生物传感器，对临床医学和遗传工程的研究具有深远的意义和应用价值，已逐渐成为分子生物学和生物技术研究的重要领域。简要介绍了电化学DNA传感器的原理、分类及有关进展情况。     

A droplet-based microfluidic platform for rapid immobilization of quantum dots on individual magnetic microbeads

Quantum dots (QDs) provide opportunities for the development of bioassays, biosensors, and drug delivery strategies. Decoration of the surface of QDs offers unique functions such as resistance to non-specific adsorption, selective binding to target molecules, and cellular uptake. The quality of decoration has substantial impact on the functionality of modified QDs. Single-phase microfluidic devices have been demonstrated for decorating QDs with biological molecules. The device substrate can serve as a solid-phase reaction platform, with a limitation being difficulty in the realization of reproducible decoration at high density of coverage of QDs. Magnetic beads (MBs) have been explored as an alternative form of solid-phase reaction platform for decorating QDs. As one example, controlled decoration to achieve unusually high density can be realized by first coating MBs with QDs, followed by the addition of molecules such as DNA oligonucleotides. Uniformity and high density of coatings on QDs have been obtained using MBs for solid-phase reactions in bulk solution, with the further advantage that the MBs offer simplification of procedural steps such as purification. This study explores the use of a droplet microfluidic platform to achieve solid-phase decoration of MBs with QDs, offering control of local reaction conditions beyond that available in bulk solution reactions. A microchannel network with a two-junction in-series configuration was designed and optimized to co-encapsulate one single 1 µm MB and many QDs into individual droplets. The microdroplet became the reaction vessel, and enhanced conjugation through the confined environment and fast mixing. A high density of QDs was coated onto the surface of single MB even when using a low concentration of QDs. This approach quickly produced decorated MBs, and significantly reduced QD waste, ameliorating the need to remove excess QDs. The methodology offers a degree of precision to control conjugation processes that cannot be attained in bulk synthesis methods. The proposed droplet microfluidic design can be widely adopted for nanomaterial synthesis using solid-phase assays.     

最小支配集问题的活体分子计算模型

生物体内分子网络巾信息的传输、储存、放大、整合等大量仟务可以看成是一种生物分子计算过程.文中提出了一种活体分子计算模型,借助RNA干扰技术和乳糖操纵子调控模型,在细胞内构建了一个基因网络,用于求解图的最小支配集.该模型展示了利用牛物体自身的信息处理能力进行计算的能力,在生物体内建立具有一定智能的分子机器,这将在计算科学、生物学、医学上有着深远的应用前景.     

Visualization in biomedical computing

Visualizable objects in biology and medicine extend across a vast range of scale, from individual molecules and cells, to the varieties of tissue and interstitial interfaces, to complete organs, organ systems and body parts, and include functional attributes of these systems, such as biophysical, biomechanical and physiological properties. Medical applications include accurate anatomy and function mapping, enhanced diagnosis, accurate treatment planning and rehearsal, and education/training. However, the greatest potential for revolutionary innovation in the practice of medicine lies in direct, fully immersive, real-time multisensory fusion of real and virtual information data streams into online, real-time visualizations available during an actual clinical procedure. Current high-performance computers and advanced image processing capabilities have facilitated major progress toward realization of this goal. With these advances in hand, there are several important applications possible to be delivered soon that will have a significant impact on the practice of medicine and on biological research.     

基因调控网络的控制:机遇与挑战

众所周知,基因调控网络（Genetic regulatory networks,GRNs）是一类基本且重要的生物网络.基因调控网络可以通过输入、噪声、参数以及正负反馈等进行功能的鲁棒性调节与控制.本文首先简要回顾了基因调控网络控制方面的若干研究进展,然后提出了一些与控制相关的基因调控网络的基本科学问题.基因调控网络的控制以生命科学为背景,以控制理论为理论基础.过去几十年,控制论的基本思想与方法逐步渗透到基因调控网络的研究中.同时,来源于生命科学的控制问题也为我们提出了新的机遇与挑战.基因调控网络的控制对生命科学中困扰人类的基本问题,如延长寿命、治愈癌症、糖尿病等顽疾有着非常重要的现实意义.此外,基因调控网络控制研究对合成生物学、网络医学、个性化医学等相关学科的发展具有潜在的应用价值.     

Effects of K and Na ions on the fluorescence of colloidal CdSe/CdS and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

In this work we studied the effects of K⁺ and Na⁺ ions on fluorescence properties of the colloidal quantum dots (QDs). It was found that the fluorescence intensity was enhanced when low concentration of ions was introduced to QD solutions, while it became weakened when ion concentrations reached their physiological levels in many bio environments. Such fluorescence changes can be attributed to interactions between QD surface ligands and ions as well as the Coulomb potential of ions that displaces the wave functions of the electron and hole confined inside the QD. These results are important for understanding the influence of different biological environments, such as extracellular and intracellular compartments, on optical properties of colloidal QDs.     

生物组织光声成像技术综述

光声成像是一种低功率、非电离的成像方式,既具有声学方法对深层组织成像分辨率高的优点,又具有光学方法在功能成像、分子成像方面具有高对比度的优势。本文回顾了近年来,光声成像技术在生物医学领域的研究进展,介绍了光声成像的基本成像原理。以此为基础,本文介绍了光声成像的两种主要成像方案：光声断层成像和光声显微镜,并且讨论了光声成像在获取生物组织化学成分信息和微结构信息方面的优越性;最后,本文对光声成像技术的优点和应用前景进行了总结。