HDM型油脂氢化催化剂的研究

本文研究了硫酸镍添加助剂制得的HDM油脂氢化催化剂。实验表明,其性能与进口DM-3催化剂相接近,是一种高活性油脂氢化催化剂。     

加氢脱氮催化剂研究进展

对加氢脱氮催化剂进行论述,从催化剂活性组分、助剂和载体方面介绍了国内外载体的发展趋势。加氢活性组分的过渡金属碳化物、过渡金属氮化物和过渡金属磷化物成为研究热点,特殊功能的助剂加入到催化剂中,提高了催化剂酸性或活性组分分散度。新型催化材料用于催化剂载体,改性Al_2O_3、TiO_2复合载体和纳米材料复合载体有望替代传统载体。     

燃油氧化脱硫负载型催化剂研究进展

介绍了燃油氧化脱硫负载型催化剂的研究进展,主要包括Al2O3载体催化剂、分子筛载体催化剂、SiO2载体催化剂及其它载体催化剂,从载体种类、催化性能及应用前景等方面比较了催化剂的优缺点。通过比较得出,分子筛作为载体,催化效率高,适合作为氧化脱硫催化剂的载体;氧化铝作为载体,具有来源经济、活性组分不易流失、分离回收循环利用简便,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

Ni基生物质焦油重整催化剂的研究进展

Ni基催化剂对生物质气化过程中生成焦油的催化裂解重整具有较好的催化活性,但在催化反应中存在容易积炭进而失活的现象。如何提高Ni基催化剂的催化活性和抗积炭能力是Ni基催化剂研究中的难点。本文从催化剂的活性组分、载体和助催化剂3个方面入手,详细综述了近几年关于提高Ni基生物质焦油重整催化剂催化活性和抗积炭能力的研究进展,讨论了催化剂的活性组分、载体和助催化剂对催化剂催化活性的影响。指出Ni-Fe、Ni-Co、Ni-Cu催化剂均表现出比Ni基催化剂更好的催化活性,助剂的加入有利于提高吸附剂的抗积炭能力和抗烧结能力;催化剂载体方面,钙钛矿型混合金属氧化物载体、煤焦和生物质焦载体具有较好的研究前景。     

烯烃聚合用茂金属催化剂负载化机理的研究进展

从无机载体、有机高聚物载体和有机无机杂化高聚物载体催化剂三方面综述了近年来烯烃聚合用茂金属催化剂负载化的研究进展。与多活性中心催化剂相比,茂金属催化剂具有活性高,用其所制聚合物的相对分子质量分布窄等特点,茂金属催化剂负载化克服了用均相催化剂制备的聚合物形貌不可控的缺点,并可降低助催化剂用量。目前无机载体是工业生产中最常用的载体类型,但用高聚物载体负载所具有的不需要复杂预处理、茂金属催化剂易被官能化及产物中载体成分不影响最终催化剂性能等优点,也逐渐受到关注。     

贵金属加氢脱芳催化剂的复合氧化物载体的研究进展

催化剂载体是加氢脱芳（HDA）研究的重要内容,20世纪80年代以来,复合载体受到了极大的关注。综述了近年来贵金属深度加氢脱芳催化剂载体（负载贵金属Pd和Pt）的研究进展。主要介绍了含Al2O3、TiO2及SiO2的复合氧化物载体的催化剂在芳烃加氢过程中表现出的加氢活性和抗硫性。无论从催化剂的催化活性,还是抗硫性能方面比较,复合氧化物载体的催化剂都表现出良好的性能,尤其是三元复合氧化物载体的催化剂,比其他更加稳定,具有更好的催化性能。     

轻质烃芳构化催化剂的研究进展

轻质烃芳构化作为替代石油资源的一项重要研究课题,其中催化剂是该反应的关键技术。本文通过检索国内外的相关专利,从催化剂载体的发展和催化剂载体的改性方法两个方面,对轻质烃芳构化催化剂的研究进展进行了梳理,其中对分子筛型号、分子筛载体硅铝比的选择、负载金属元素改性、分子筛孔径和粒径调整、前沿改性技术等进行了总结。     

催化裂化汽油加氢精制催化剂的研究进展

介绍了催化裂化汽油加氢精制催化剂的种类和研究进展.从活性组分和载体方面分析了不同催化剂的优缺点,并对目前工业FCC汽油加氢精制工艺和催化剂进行了概述.同时对FCC汽油加氢精制催化剂的发展方向进行了展望.     

环氧乙烷银催化剂研究现状及技术进展

介绍了环氧乙烷银催化剂技术研究现状,从催化剂载体、制备工艺等方面概述了我国环氧乙烷银催化剂技术研究进展,指出其今后的发展建议.     

甲烷自热重整催化剂的研究进展

简要介绍了甲烷自热制合成气的研究进展,重点从催化剂活性组分、载体、助剂方面介绍了自热重整反应常用的负载型金属催化剂,指出了联合活性组分和功能型载体是大规模自热重整制氢的发展热点。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。