基于正交小波包变换的前馈神经网络盲均衡算法

针对前馈神经网络盲均衡算法收敛速度慢、均方误差大的缺点,在分析前馈神经网络盲均衡算法和正交小波包变换理论的基础上,提出了基于正交小波包变换的前馈神经网络盲均衡算法。该算法利用正交小波包变换良好的去相关性,对前馈神经网络均衡器输入信号进行预处理后,降低了输入信号的自相性,从而加快了收敛速度和减小了均方误差。水声信道的仿真结果表明,该算法在收敛速度与均方误差方面的性能比前馈神经网络盲均衡算法优越。     

Simulated comparisons of blind equalization algorithms for cold start-up applications

The open literature is replete with claims about convergence benefits associated with second-order-statistics (SOS) blind channel estimation/equalization algorithms. At the same time, the literature is sparse in addressing robustness concerns of these algorithms. This paper is intended to motivate interest in the study of such robustness concerns by providing a simulation-based comparison between some popular SOS algorithms and CMA for various classes of channels of interest to both the practitioner and researcher. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种信道预测下的自适应QAM调制方法

提出一种自适应矩形多幅度调制方法,能够更有效应用于无线移动通信中的多径衰落信道.其中发送端的信道状态信息(CSI)通过基于预处理的ESPRIT信道预测算法获得.理论分析和仿真实验表明,这种信道预测算法下的自适应QAM调制方法,在保证目标误码率的前提下,实现了比无自适应传输技术更快的比特率,提高了带宽利用率.     

Blind equalizers with simulated annealing optimization for digital communication systems

New batch-type methods and their recursive extensions are introduced for blind equalization of digital communication channels. Based on the underlying cost function of the existing Bussgang and cumulantfitting algorithms, simulated annealing (SA) optimization is successfully employed to identify and equalize the communication channels. Many of the existing blind equalization algorithms utilize a stochastic gradient approach to minimize non-linear cost functions. Owing to the multimodal nature of these functions, the gradient algorithms might converge to the wrong solution. In contrast, the proposed methods are based on a global optimization algorithm. the SA algorithm tends to avoid the local minima encountered. The feasibility and convergence behaviour of the proposed algorithms are examined by means of computer simulations. Computational complexity issues in the implementation of the algorithms are discussed.     

一种基于加权多循环频率的盲波束形成算法

由于单循环频率盲波束形成算法仅利用了循环平稳信号的某个典型的循环频率,其性能对循环频率的选择有较大依赖性,只要循环频率存在偏差会导致整个算法失效,因此基于单循环频率的算法在实际应用中存在局限性。针对该问题,为了充分利用信号的多循环频率信息,消除循环频率偏差对算法的影响,研究并首次提出了一种加权的多循环频率盲波束形成算法,给出了多循环频率的最优加权组合方案,该方法采用迭代的方法寻找最优循环频率加权矢量。仿真实验和理论分析表明,在存在循环频率偏差的情况下,本文提出的算法性能优于基于单循环频率算法。     

Optimal delay estimation and performance evaluation in blind equalization

This paper deals with the problem of recovering the input signal applied to a linear time-invariant system from the measurements of its output and the a priori knowledge of the input statistics (blind equalization). Under the assumption of an i.i.d. non-Gaussian input sequence a new iterative procedure based on phase-sensitive high-order cumulants for adjusting the coefficients of a transversal equalizer is introduced. The main feature of the proposed technique is the automatic selection of the equalization delay so as to improve the equalization performance. A method for the a posteriori evaluation of the obtained accuracy in PAM systems is also introduced. It consists of the computation of an upper bound on the probability of error depending on certain moments of the equalizer output and the statistics of the channel input and therefore can be used in a blind equalization context. Based on the result of such a computation, it can be decided whether it is necessary to consider a longer equalization filter in the iterative procedure. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

通用数据链并行Laguerre盲均衡算法

为解决深衰落信道中传统盲均衡算法存在的长抽头系数和高误码率的问题,提出通用数据链并行Laguerre盲均衡算法。在分析通用数据链信号的基础上,引入Laguerre滤波器替代FIR滤波器,以较短的抽头系数逼近长脉冲序列响应;同时借助判决引导算法和分数间隔思想,加快了算法的收敛速度;利用均衡输出的平方期望直接作为自适应步长模块的修正变量,进一步提升了新算法的均衡性能。实验结果表明,新算法减少了均衡器抽头系数,拥有更快的收敛速度和更低的误码率。     

π／4 DQPSK解调算法的研究与仿真

针对数字通信系统中符号间干扰（ISI）问题,提出了一种适用于π／4 DQPSK解调的自适应盲均衡和载波恢复算法。T／4 CMA盲均衡器利用接收信号的所有采样点进行迭代,解决了采样相位敏感的问题;改进的载波恢复算法简单易于实现,减小了接收机设计的复杂度和难度。仿真结果表明,这种算法复杂度小、性能好,具有一定的实用价值。     

Phase-diversity homodyne detection of multilevel optical modulation with digital carrier phase estimation

This paper describes a phase-diversity homodyne receiver that which can cope with multilevel modulation formats. The carrier phase drift is estimated with digital signal processing (DSP) on the homodyne-detected signal, entirely restoring the complex amplitude of the incoming signal. Our DSP-based phase-estimation scheme consists of a simple and demultiplexable architecture that allows the system to reach significantly higher performance than conventional optical delay detection. Since the whole optical signal information is preserved with our receiver, various kinds of postprocessing of the received signal become possible. For example, we can demultiplex wavelength-division/optical time-division multiplexed channels and compensate for group velocity dispersion of fibers as well as the nonlinear phase noise in the electrical domain. We also experimentally evaluate the performance of our receiver. Our offline bit-error rate experiments show the feasibility of transmitting polarization-multiplexed 40-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals over 200 km with channel spacing of 16 GHz, leading to spectral efficiency of 2.5 b/s/Hz.     

无线测试系统中CDMA时变色散信道的盲辨识算法

本文针对无线移动测试系统中信道的传输问题,在CDMA时变色散信道的离散正则模型的基础上,给出了一种新的基于二阶统计量的算法来完成对CDMA时变色散信道的盲辨识.利用正则模型,可以将时变的SIMO系统等效的转化为是不变的MIMO系统,使用时频解相关接收机从时变的特征波形中分离出时不变的信道系数后,可由解相关输出后信号的自相关矩阵的主特征向量直接完成对信道的估计.与基展开模型方法相比,该算法具有不需要利用观测数据的高阶统计量来估计信道的展开基频率,也不必假设相邻符号间的时延的变化为线性关系,同时其运算复杂度小于通常的子空间算法.仿真结果证明了算法的有效性.     

Blind separation of convolutive mixtures of cyclostationary signals

An adaptive blind source separation algorithm for the separation of convolutive mixtures of cyclostationary signals is proposed. The algorithm is derived by applying natural gradient iterative learning to a novel cost function which is defined according to the wide sense cyclostationarity of signals and can be deemed as a new member of the family of natural gradient algorithms for convolutive mixtures. A method based on estimating the cycle frequencies required for practical implementation of the proposed algorithm is presented. The efficiency of the algorithm is supported by simulations, which show that the proposed algorithm has improved performance for the separation of convolved cyclostationary signals in terms of convergence speed and waveform similarity measurement, as compared to the conventional natural gradient algorithm for convolutive mixtures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种MMSE类盲均衡算法的凸组合策略

通常有2类重要的MMSE类盲均衡算法：恒模盲均衡算法和判决引导算法。前者面临收敛速度慢,剩余误差大的缺点;而判决引导均衡算法的收敛速度快,稳态性能好,缺点是启动条件不满足时算法会发散。本论文提出了一种MMSE类盲均衡算法的凸组合策略。通过应用凸组合的基本原理,恒模盲均衡算法可以自适应平滑地切换到判决引导模式。首先,提出了算法的凸组合策略,使得恒模盲均衡算法和判决引导算法之间可以自动软切换。然后描述了一种锚定过程,可以消除稳态时恒模均衡器过高的剩余误差,因此总的算法可以看作是经过了恒模均衡器训练的判决引导均衡。仿真实验证实了新算法的优异性能。     

Blind MIMO equalization with optimum delay using independent component analysis

Blind space–time equalization of multiuser time‐dispersive digital communication channels consists of recovering the users' simultaneously transmitted data free from the interference caused by each other and the propagation effects, without using training sequences. In scenarios composed of mutually independent non‐Gaussian i.i.d. users' signals, independent component analysis (ICA) techniques based on higher‐order statistics can be employed to refine the performance of conventional linear detectors, as recently shown in a code division multiple access environment (Signal Process 2002; 82 :417–431). This paper extends these results to the more general multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) channel model, with the minimum mean square error (MMSE) as conventional equalization criterion. The time diversity introduced by the wideband multipath channel enables a reduction of the computational complexity of the ICA post‐processing stage while further improving performance. In addition, the ICA‐based detector can be tuned to extract each user's signal at the delay which provides the best MMSE. Experiments in a variety of simulation conditions demonstrate the benefits of ICA‐assisted MIMO equalization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于支持向量拟合的恒模盲均衡算法

本文提出了一种利用迭代最小二乘支持向量拟合(IRWLS-SVR)的盲均衡算法.该算法利用数字通信系统中调制方式的恒包络特性(CMA),在基带条件下对具有严重码间干扰的接收信号进行均衡处理,实现无线信道的无误差传输.该方法不同于以往基于神经网络算法和高阶统计量的盲均衡方法,具有收敛速度快,干扰抑制强,计算量小的优点.计算机仿真结果表明,经过多径瑞利信道衰减后的接收信号可以通过该均衡器得到正确解调.     

Study and simulation of video communications under wireless environment based on blind source separation

A new scheme is proposed to separate several compressed video signals transferred in multiple wireless channels using the blind source separation method. The scheme selects IEEE 802.11b and XVID compression as the wireless communications channel and MPEG-4 video compression, respectively. A simulation model is then made for the video communications under a wireless environment. The model can separate several video signals using blind source separation. Simulations show that the normalized whiten plus cyclic whiten based on cyclostationary (NWCW-CS) algorithm based upon the cyclostationary characteristics of signals has the best separation performance and fast convergence. Besides, the algorithm can solve the mixing of video signals. The image of the transferred video signals decompressed by XVID is nearly consistent with the source ones. The new method meets the requirement of real-time video communications. __________ Translated from Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 37(1): 13–17 [译自: 东南大学学报(自然科学版)]     

Fractionally spaced blind equalization with low‐complexity concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft decision‐directed scheme

The paper proposes a low‐complexity concurrent constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and soft decision‐directed (SDD) scheme for fractionally spaced blind equalization of high‐order quadrature amplitude modulation channels. We compare our proposed blind equalizer with the recently introduced state‐of‐art concurrent CMA and decision‐directed (DD) scheme. The proposed CMA+SDD blind equalizer is shown to have simpler computational complexity per weight update, faster convergence speed, and slightly improved steady‐state equalization performance, compared with the existing CMA+DD blind equalizer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种并行双模式盲均衡算法的研究与实现

本文提出了一种将SMMA算法与DD算法并行运行的变步长双模式盲均衡算法。该算法在保持原来两种算法高性能的基础上，改进传统的DD算法，将两种算法采用并行结构运行，同时加入误差控制函数，控制SMMA算法占比，降低稳态误差；并且引入变步长方法，加快算法的收敛速度。经过理论分析与仿真实验表明，该算法相对于传统方法，ISI降低到-29.8 dB，收敛速度提高，在630个符号左右算法完成收敛。在完成仿真实验后，进行了实测信号的解调均衡，其EVM降低到1.69%。     

高阶QAM实时多域测试多模式自适应盲均衡技术研究

提出了一种全新的宽带通信信号实时多域分析通用架构,详细介绍了该架构下信号分析的基本原理。在这种架构的基础上,通过加载不同的算法,不仅能够实现各种宽带通信信号高精度实时宽带频谱分析,而且还能同时实现宽带通信信号时域、调制域等多域联合分析。针对宽带高阶正交幅度调制（QAM）通信信号实时多域分析,详细讨论了面向测试的基于GMMA和DDLMS双模自适应盲均衡算法。系统仿真结果证明：相比GMMA自适应盲均衡算法,双模自适应盲均衡算法收敛速度明显提高,256QAM信号均衡后输出残余码间串扰（ISI）改善提高了10dB;同时通过实验验证,采用20MHz实时分析带宽对码率为6.4MSps的宽带256QAM信号进行实时多域分析,误差矢量幅度（error vectorm agnitude,EVM）测试误差小于2%。     

A less complicated adaptive equalization for UWB channels

In this paper, a new adaptive equalization scheme aiming at the intersymbol and interuser interferences in the multiuser ultra-wide band (UWB) channels is presented specially for direct-sequence UWB/time-hopping UWB (DS-UWB/TH-UWB) receivers. Its computational complexity and convergence rate are compared with the conventional algorithms. The simulation results show that the computational complexity of this scheme is less than employing the RLS method alone and the convergence rate of this scheme is farther off employing LMS method alone. __________ Translated from Journal of Communications, 2005, 26(10): 13–18 (in Chinese)     

Second‐order blind algorithms for adaptive recursive linear equalizers: analysis and lattice implementation

Adaptive recursive linear equalizers present important advantages in terms of performance and robustness compared to more standard finite impulse response structures, and provide a means for blindly initializing the decision feedback structure. We present an analysis of a pair of algorithms for the adaptation of the recursive part of the equalizer, which are based on the second‐order statistics of the received signal, in a multichannel complex‐valued setting with spatially coloured noise. When the number of equalizer poles is no less than the channel order, both algorithms enjoy a unique stationary point, which in addition is locally convergent; global convergence properties, on the other hand, can be quite different. When the optimum setting presents poles close to the stability boundary, the lattice structure is preferred for ease of stability monitoring. Lattice versions of the two algorithms are developed and their convergence properties discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.