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英国《星期日泰晤士报》的报道

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COMPREHENSIVE CONTENTS of 《COTTON TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY》2 0 0 1

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U．V．诱变法选育pof~－糖化酵母

ＧＹＮＢ培养基中肉桂酸浓度达到１００μｇ／ｍｌ时，酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｖｉｓｉａｅｐｏｆ~－ｓｔａ）的生长受到抑制，而糖化酵母（ＳａｃｃｈｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｄｉａｓｔｉｃｕｓＰＯＦ１ＳＴＡ）能够生长。用紫外线诱变糖化酵母，在ＧＹＮＢＳＣＡ１００培养基平板上检出ｐｏｆ~－糖化酵母营养缺陷株。经糊精发酵试验、模拟啤酒发酵试验、ＣＯ＿２失重试验及糖化酶活性比较，选育出三株性能优良的糖化酵母单倍体（ｐｏｆ~－ＳＴＡ），发酵速度快，糖化酶活性略低于出发菌株。发酵的啤酒用“两杯法”进行品评，酒体丰满，香气新鲜，略带果酒味，无酚臭味。     

Adsorption characteristics of various proteins to a titanium surface

Adsorption characteristics of 18 proteins, with different sizes and isoelectric points, to a titanium oxide surface were studied. The adsorption isotherms were categorized based on protein type and pH: type 1, irreversible adsorption; type 2, Langmuir-type reversible adsorption; and type 3, reversible and irreversible adsorption. Most of the proteins tested were irreversibly adsorbed in the pH range of 3-8, whereas most adsorbed reversibly at pH 8.5-9.4. Protamine, with a pI value of 12, adsorbed reversibly in the pH range of 3-9. pH values that gave maximal sums of irreversibly and reversibly adsorbed proteins were in the pH range of 3-8 and tended to increase slightly with the pI value of the corresponding protein. pH values that gave maximal quantities of irreversibly adsorbed protein ranged between 4-6 and were nearly independent of pI.     

Quantification of the effects of organic and carbonate buffers on arsenate and phosphate adsorption on a goethite-based granular porous adsorbent

Interest in the development of oxide-based materials for arsenate removal has led to a variety of experimental methods and conditions for determining arsenate adsorption isotherms, which hinders comparative evaluation of their adsorptive capacities. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of buffer (HEPES or carbonate), adsorbent dose, and solution pH on arsenate and phosphate adsorption isotherms for a previously well characterized goethite-based adsorbent (Bayoxide E33 (E33)). All adsorption isotherms obtained at different adsorbate/adsorbent concentrations were identical when 1 mM of HEPES (96 mg C/L) was used as a buffer. At low aqueous arsenate and phosphate concentration (～1.3 μM), however, adsorption isotherms obtained using 10 mM of NaHCO(3) buffer, which is a reasonable carbonate concentration in groundwater, are significantly different from those obtained without buffer or with HEPES. The carbonate competitive effects were analyzed using the extended triple layer model (ETLM) with the adsorption equilibrium constant of carbonate calibrated using independent published carbonate adsorption data for pure goethite taking into consideration the different surface properties. The successful ETLM calculations of arsenate adsorption isotherms for E33 under various conditions allowed quantitative comparison of the arsenate adsorption capacity between E33 and other major adsorbents initially tested under varied experimental conditions in the literature.     

Protein Adsorption onto Metal Oxide Materials in White Wine Model Systems

ABSTRACT: Three standard proteins—bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVAL), and lysozyme (LYS)—were used to evaluate metal oxide adsorption isotherms. The isotherms of BSA adsorbed on powdered ZrO₂ and those of LYS adsorbed on pellets of ZrO₂ or spheres of Al₂O₃ at pH 3.5 were well fitted by the Langmuir model. The adsorption curve of OVAL on powdered ZrO₂ showed an inflection point at the same pH. The adsorption curves obtained from the other systems (protein-metal oxide) were unfavorable. Protein adsorption of a white wine onto zirconium oxide showed adsorption selectivity. Zirconium had a preference for removing the unstable proteins, and that it could be used to stabilize white wines.     

A model-based evaluation of sorptive reactivities of hydrous ferric oxide and hematite for U(VI)

The sorption of uranyl onto hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) or hematite was measured by discontinuously titrating the suspensions with uranyl at pH 5.9, 6.8, and 7.8 under Pco2 = 10(-35)atm (sorption isotherms). Batch reactors were used with equilibration times up to 48 days. Sorption of 1 microM uranyl onto HFO was also measured versus pH (sorption edge). A diffuse double layer surface complexation model was calibrated by invoking three sorption species that were consistent with spectroscopic evidence for predominance of bidentate complexes at neutral pH and uranyl-carbonato complexes: > SOH:UO2OH(+1), (> SO)2: UO2CO3(-2), and (> SO)2:(UO2)3(OH)5(-1). The model was consistent with previously published isotherm and edge data. The model successfully predicted sorption data onto hematite, only adjusting for different measured specific surface area. Success in application of the model to hematite indicates that the hydrated surface of hematite has similar sorptive reactivity as HFO.     

Investigating the molecular interactions of oxytetracycline in clay and organic matter: insights on factors affecting its mobility in soil

The interactions of oxytetracycline with model clay adsorbents were investigated as a function of suspension pH. The clay adsorbents used were native montmorillonite (SWy-2), Na-montmorillonite (Na-SWy-2), and hexadecyl trimethylammonium-montmorillonite (HDTMA-montmorillonite). The adsorption of oxytetracycline to the clay could be described by Freundlich-type adsorption isotherms. It was observed that the adsorption of oxytetracycline in the native and sodium forms of montmorillonite decreases with increasing pH in the order pH 1.5 > 5.0 > 8.7 > 11.0. This trend is consistent with cationic exchange interactions that are dominant at lower pH values when oxytetracycline has a net positive charge. On the other hand, hydrophobic interactions when oxytetracycline is zwitterionic (at pH 5.0) are predominant over other mechanisms, as evident from the FT-IR spectrum of the HDTMA-montmorillonite and humic acid-montmorillonite adsorbed with oxytetracycline. The presence of a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was also found to decrease the sorption of oxytetracycline to clay, suggesting that DOM may increase its mobility in the natural environment. Several mechanisms of interaction of oxytetracycline in clay are proposed based on the adsorption isotherms and the results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analyses.     

Solubility-normalized combined adsorption-partitioning sorption isotherms for organic pollutants

Equilibrium sorption isotherms were measured for five different low-polarity organic compounds (benzene, trichloroethene, 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and phenanthrene) over a wide concentration range. The investigated sorbents can be grouped into the following three classes: (1) humic soil organic matter, which shows linear sorption isotherms (solely partitioning, as observed in the peat sample); (2) carbon materials, which were thermally altered (due to their natural history or industrial production) and thus contain a high specific surface area and exhibit nonlinear isotherms, and (3) pure engineered microporous materials (e.g., zeolites and activated carbon), where adsorption is solely due to a pore-filling process. Sorption of all compounds was fitted very well by the Polanyi-Dubinin-Manes (PDM) model, which for sorbents containing humic organic matter (e.g., peat) was combined with linear partitioning. Both the partitioning and the Polanyi-Dubinin-Manes model predict unique sorption isotherms of similar compounds if the solubility-normalized aqueous concentration is used. In addition, an inverse linear relationship between the distribution coefficient (Kd) and water solubility, which was very well confirmed by the data, is obtained. This also leads to unit-equivalent Freundlich sorption isotherms and explains the often observed apparent correlation between sorption capacity at a given concentration (e.g., Freundlich coefficient) and sorption nonlinearity (Freundlich exponent).     

Zearalenone removal in synthetic media and aqueous part of canned corn by montmorillonite K10 and pillared montmorillonite K10

The capacities of montmorillonite K10 (K10), aluminum pillared K10 (Al-K10), and iron pillared K10 (Fe-K10) to eliminate zearalenone (ZEN) from synthetic media and the aqueous part of canned corn were studied. Original clay and pillared clays were characterized in terms of X-ray powder diffraction analysis and N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms. The maximum amounts of adsorption of ZEN by K10, Al-K10, and Fe-K10 at 25°C and pH 7 were 0.202, 1.305, and 1.028 mg/g and 0.264, 0.096, and 0.255 mg/g, calculated from Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, respectively. The adsorption of ZEN was also studied as a function of adsorbent amount (1 to 30 mg), ZEN concentration (2 to 20 mg/liter), pH of solution (pH 4 to 10), and contact time. Pillared clays could be an excellent alternative for removing ZEN in contaminated food samples and are potentially low-cost adsorbents with a promising future as an alternative to more costly materials.     

表面活性剂和胶原间的相互作用

研究了十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS），二十烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS），溴化十六烷基吡啶翁（CPB）和Igepal CA-720等表面活性剂与胶原（来源于牛跟腱）间的相互作用，发现了不同的反应条件下，上述离子性表面活性剂的吸附等温线，得到了适当条件下的吸附等温线，同时发现在等电条件下等温线呈对数关系，Igepal没有吸附，表面活性剂与胶原的作瓿 其质量的变化是相互关联的，这种变化取决于反应条件，即pH值和反应溶液中的离子强度，胶原的膨胀程度（am)被用来描述这种变化，在pH3.0，无SDBS存在且在低的离子强度下，胶原得到了大的膨胀；加入SDBS将会导致强烈的消肿作用，并且当胶原对SDBS的结合量达到1mmol/g时，am的值将不再随SDBS结合量的进一步增加而变化，在高的离子强度下，am与SDBS的平衡吸附量无关，在等电条件下am的变化明显小于在酸性条件下的变化，两种条件下am具有相反的特点。     

绿茶微粉对染料亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿的吸附研究

亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿是造成水体污染的偶氨工业染料.本文研究在不同的颗粒、pH、吸附剂量、吸附时间条件下绿茶微粉对亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿的吸附效果,并分析其吸附速率曲线和吸附等温线.结果表明,常温下绿茶微粉能够较好地吸附亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿,且颗粒越小吸附效果越佳;亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿最佳吸附pH分别是7和5,吸附饱和量分别是19.37 mg/g和16.50 mg/g.在初始染料质量浓度20 mg/L条件下,240 min左右可达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学分析表明,绿茶微粉对亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿的生物吸附平衡数据均与拟二级速率方程拟合度较好,吸附规律分别符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式.     

Sorption mechanisms of zinc on hydroxyapatite: systematic uptake studies and EXAFS spectroscopy analysis

The systematics and mechanisms of Zn uptake by hydroxyapatite (HAP) in preequilibrated suspensions open to PCO2 were characterized using a combination of batch sorption experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) over a wide range of pH and Zn concentrations. Sorption isotherms of Zn(II) on HAP at pH 5.0 and 7.3 show an initial steep slope at low Zn(II) concentrations, followed by a plateau up to [Zn] < approximately 750 microM, suggesting Langmuir-type behavior. At [Zn] > 750 microM, a sharp rise in the pH 5.0 isotherm suggests precipitation, whereas slight continued uptake in the pH 7.3 isotherm is suggestive of an additional uptake mechanism. The sorption isotherm at pH 9.0 shows a steep uptake step at [Zn] < or = 0.8 microM, followed by an increasing linear trend up to [Zn] = 5 microM, without any indication of a maximum, suggesting that precipitation is an important uptake process at this pH. Zn K edge EXAFS results show a first oxygen shell at 1.96-1.98 +/- 0.02 A in sorption samples with [Zn]tot < or = 250 microM at pH 5.0, 7.3, and 9.0, consistent with tetrahedral coordination. EXAFS results reveal additional P and Ca neighbors that support formation of an inner-sphere Zn surface complex where the Zn is coordinated to surface P04 tetrahedra in a corner-sharing bidentate fashion, bridging a Ca atom. In contrast, EXAFS and XRD data indicate that precipitation of Zn3(PO4)2-4H2O (hopeite) dominates the mode of Zn uptake at [Zn]tot > or = 3 mM at pH 5.0. Principal component analysis and linear combination fits of EXAFS data reveal a mixture of inner-sphere Zn surface complexation and precipitation of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 (hydrozincite) in sorption samples for [Zn]tot = 5 mM at pH 7.3 and for [Zn]tot = 1 mM at pH 9.0.