HDDR法制备各向同性SmFeN永磁体的研究

研究了HDDR法制备各向同性Sm2Fe17Nx磁体的制备、结构与磁性能,发现SmFe铸态组织主要由Sm2Fe17、SmFe2、SmFe3和α-Fe四种相组成,而经过1050℃均匀化退火13h后形成了所需要的接近单相组织的Sm2Fe17相合金。铸锭经过粉碎球磨、HDDR、渗氮处理后,经压制成型得到各向同性的高矫顽力的Sm2Fe17Nx磁体。获得的磁体矫顽力达到了1300kA/m。     

各向异性Sm12.8Fe87.2Nx粘结磁体的研究

采用粉未冶金法对合金及其氮化物与粘结磁体的组织形貌、物相及磁性能进行了较为详细的研究.结果发现，均匀化退火可以明显减少Sm12.8Fe87.2合金中的富Sm相与α—Fe含量。氮化后Sm2Fe17晶格膨胀形成Sm2Fe17Nx主相，氮化20h内Sm2Fe17Nx相单胞体积膨胀超过6％，在20h有最大值△Ve／Ve=8.36％：氮化后合金中的α-Fe含量增加，未见相应用胞体积膨胀:Sm12.8Fe87.2Nx取向粘结磁体中Sm2Fe17Nx相的006衍射明显增强，而其他衍射及α-Fe的衍射减弱，易轴方向磁体的矫顽力优于磁粉的，而剩磁与最高场下磁化强度值劣于磁粉.     

还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17化合物的工艺研究

研究了还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17化合物工艺中Sm2O3，Ca，CaCl2的配入量对Sm2Fe17合金均相性的影响，并用XRD对产物进行物相分析。结果表明：当反应温度为1423K，反应时间为5h，Sm2O3，Ca，CaCl2的配入量分别为121％，225％，8％时，还原扩散反应比较充分，能得到均相单一的Sm2Fe17化合物。     

Sm2Fe17Nx的制备

在研究确定了原材料配比的基础上,采用还原扩散法制备出了 Sm2Fe17合金粉;探讨了反应温度、恒温时间、氮气压力及氮气压力200kPa时温度等因素对氮化反应的影响.当氮气压力为200 kPa、温度为873K、恒温5h时,生成Sm2Fe17N2.874,其氮含量为3.111%.     

用还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17合金

主要研究还原扩散法(R/D)制备Sm2Fe17合金的工艺和主要影响因素,并通过XRD和SEM等分析测试手段对还原扩散机理作了理论分析和实验研究,得出了还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17的最佳工艺条件,实验表明在合理的原料配比条件下,1423K保温6小时后快淬可以制得成分单一的Sm2Fe17合金。     

Sm2Fe17化合物的差热-热重分析

通过X射线衍射、 差热-热重(DTA-TG)联用仪以及磁测量等手段研究了 Sm2 Fe17化合物及其氮化物的相结构和磁性.通过对Sm2 Fe17化合物的DTA-TG分析可以得到:当温度从室温(约300 K)升至1473 K的过程中,在N2保护的条件下,N原子扩散进入Sm21 Fe17化合物中,在温度为700 K左右时Sm2 Fe17化合物吸氮反应最剧烈,吸氮的结果使得Sm2 Fe17 Nx化合物的居里温度显著提高.随着温度的继续升高,在吸氮反应的同时,Sm2 Fe17 Nx化合物变的不稳定,部分分解为SmN化合物和Fe.对实验结果的分析可以得出,该化合物在接近熔点的1473 K以下只存在Th2 Zn17型结构,不存在Th2 Ni17型结构.     

Sm2(Fe,M)17Nx稀土永磁材料的研究进展

综述了Sm2(Fe，M)17Nx永磁材料的最新研究进展，介绍了Sm2(Fe，M)17Nx磁粉及磁体的制备技术，说明用其他元素替换Sm或Fe对材料性能的影响，以及粉末颗粒具有最佳的尺寸和形貌的重要性。并指出放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)有望成为制备Sm2(Fe，M)17Nx致密磁体的一个有效方法。     

添加不同钐含量的Sm2Fe17型合金及其氮化物的研究

通过采用粉末冶金法及密封氮化的方法，对添加不同钐含量的Sm2Fe17型合金及其氮化物的组织形貌、物相组成与结构及磁性能进行了研究。结果发现，多补偿添加25％钐可以使Sm2Fe17型合金退火态的α—Fe含量小于2％。Sm-Fe合金冶炼后的主相均表现为菱方Th2zn17型结构，但快冷时优先沿{300}和{220}面长大。氮化后Sm2Fe17晶格膨胀形成Sm2Fe17N，主相，而α—Fe的X射线特征峰未见明显移动。Sm14．2FeB58合金晶胞膨胀相对较小，而Sm12.8Fe87.2晶胞膨胀较大，在氮化20h时有最大△V／V=8．36％：氮化增加合金中的α—Fe含量。Sm14．2Fes5．8N，的剩磁最高为59．5Am^2／kg，S1l0．5Fe89.5Nx磁化强度最高值为193．6Am^2／kg，Sm12．8Fe87．2Nx合金的所有磁性能值基本分布在Sm14．2Fe85．8Nx和Sm10．5Fe89．5Nx的值之间。     

放电等离子烧结技术制备Sm2Fe17Nx烧结磁体的研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了Sm2Fe17Nx烧结磁体,考查了压力、烧结温度和升温速率对烧结磁体性能的影响.结果表明:随压力的增加,磁体的致密度显著提高,但Sm2Fe17Nx分解成SmN、α-Fe和N2的程度加剧,造成磁体的矫顽力明显下降,在1GPa的高压下烧结时,超过200℃后磁体的矫顽力就下降很快,说明高压促进了Sm2Fe17Nx的低温分解;采用升温速率为450℃/min的快速烧结工艺,发现未能有效地抑制Sm2Fe17Nx的分解.     

Synthesis mechanism of Sm₂Fe₁₇ alloy produced in reduction-diffusion process

Sm2Fe17 alloy was the precursor of Sm2Fe17Nx magnetic materials.Reduction-diffusion(R/D) method was a new preparation process for the Sm2Fe17 alloy,and had been widely employed as a new preparation method for rare earth-transition metal intermetallic compounds.In this text,thermodynamics and kinetics for the synthesis of the Sm2Fe17 alloy by reduction-diffusion(R/D) method in the Ca-Sm2O3-Fe system were analyzed.The related synthesis mechanism of this reaction was investigated in detail by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that the thickness of the Sm2Fe17 alloy layer versus the reaction time could be fit by the parabola law,and its growth model was determined to be:(L0-L)2=43.848 t,the diffusion of Sm into Fe proceeded with the formation of the Sm2Fe17 phase from the very beginning of the reaction,and rich samarium phases,such as SmFe2 and SmFe3,were not formed,and the rate-determining step of the R/D reaction was found to be the peritectic reaction between liquid samarium and solid iron.     

Enhanced maximum energy product of(Sm_(1-y)Y_y)_2Fe_(17)N_x caused by abundant yttrium doping

Replacement of samarium(Sm) with abundant yttrium(Y) can help solve the potential shortage of Sm in the preparation of promising Sm_2 Fe_(1)7 N_x magnets.In this article,phase composition,microstructure and magnetic properties of(Sm_(1-y)Yy)_2 Fe_(17)N_x(y=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0) were investigated.Maximum energy product(BH)_(max) is improved when less than 40 at% Y is doped in(Sm_(1-y)Y_y)_2 Fe_(17)N_x powder.In particular,when 20 at% Y replaces Sm,(BH)_(max) of(Sm_(1-y)Y_y)_2 Fe_(17)N_x powder increases by 15.1% from 131.7 to151.6 kJ/m~3.The effect of annealing temperature on the structural properties of high Y doping(Sm_(0.6)Y_(0.4))_2 Fe_(17) and the magnetic properties of the corresponding nitrides were subsequently investigated.In the RE_2 Fe_(17) phase grain combination process,the interlaced structure of the rhombohedral Th_2 Zn_(17)-type structural phase and the hexagonal Th_2 Ni_(17)-type structural phase is formed.Due to shortrange exchange coupling,the nitride with the highest content of two interlaced RE_2 Fe_(1)7 phases has the highest magnetic properties:B_r=1.23 T,H_(cJ)=443.9 kA/m and(BH)_(max)=197.6 kJ/m~3.     

Corrosion mechanism of H_2O on Sm_2Fe_(17) and nitrogenation process of corroded Sm_2Fe_(17)

Sm_2 Fe_(17) prepared by reduction-diffusion method needs to be washed with water to remove calcium oxide. Electrochemical corrosion occurs when Sm_2 Fe_(17) powder is in contact with liquid water. Corrosion mechanism of H_2 O on Sm_2 Fe_(17) powder and nitrogenation process of corroded Sm_2 Fe_(17) were studied by analyzing the structure and morphology. It is indicated that the metallic hydroxide forms and deposits on the Sm_2 Fe_(17) powder surfaces during water corrosion. At the same time, oxygen and hydrogen enter the unit cell of Sm2 Fe_(17), causing a slight increase in Curie temperature. In the subsequent nitriding process,the hydroxide is dehydrated and hydrogen is desorbed. The resulting oxide reacts with Sm_2 Fe_(17)N_x to form a-Fe and Sm_2 O_3. Thermodynamic calculations using the HSC Chemistry 6.0 software indicate that the reaction can occur spontaneously. The effect of water corrosion on the magnetic properties of the nitride can be eliminated by hydrogen reduction prior to nitriding.     

Sm2Co17永磁体的显微组织及其对矫顽力的影响

探讨了Sm(CobalFe0.197Cu0.049Zr0.026)7.5,Sm(CobalFe0.197Cu0.062Zr0.034)7.5永磁体的显微组织及其对矫顽力的影响.Sm2Co17永磁体由2:17相和1:5相两相所形成的胞状组织构成,并影响材料矫顽力的大小.在高矫顽力磁体的单晶表面有大量取向一致的沟痕,而不同晶粒内部的沟痕取向不同;沟痕较多时,磁体内所形成的1:5相增多,对畴壁的钉扎能力增强,有利于内禀矫顽力的提高.磁体表面的白色物质含Sm较多时可降低矫顽力.     

温度对2:17型SmCo永磁材料磁性能的影响

研究了Sm_2(Co Cu Fe zr)_(17),材料的剩磁B_r,、内禀矫顽力iH_c随温度的变化关系,研究了材料在不同温度条件下的磁通可逆损失和不可逆损失,随着材料内禀矫顽力iH_c的增大,可逆损失和不可逆损失都明显减小,最后采用了畴壁位移理论解释了磁性能随温度衰变的机制,提高材料的内禀矫顽力是提高材料温度稳定性的有效途径。     

金属间化物（Sm_（1－x）Dy_x）_2Fe_（17）N_y中的各向异性机制探讨

本文主要通过变温穆斯堡尔谱等手段研究金属间化物（Ｓｍ（１－ｘ）Ｄｙｘ）２Ｆｅ（１７）Ｎｙ（ｘ＝０．４；２＜ｙ＜３）的自旋重取向现象，进而对其中的各向异性产生机制进行分析。由实验结果得出Ｄｙ次格子的单轴各向异性较强，导致在１５０Ｋ～１００Ｋ较低温度下出现自旋重取向现象。     

Enhanced magnetic properties in chemically inhomogeneous Nd-Dy-Fe-B sintered magnets by multi-main-phase process

Homogeneous substitution of Dy for Nd in the hard magnetic 2:14:1 phase can effectively enhance coercivity to ensure the high temperature operation,however,inevitably deteriorate remanence at expense.In this work,we performed a comparative investigation of the two magnets prepared by multimain-phase(co-sintering Nd_2 Fe_(14)B and(Nd,Dy)_2 Fe_(14)B powders) and single-main-phase(sintering(Nd,Dy)_2 Fe_(14)B powders) approaches.The comparative investigation reveals that at the same Dy substitution level(2.16 wt%),such chemically inhomogeneous multi-main-phase magnet possesses better roomtemperature magnetic properties as well as thermal stability than those of the single-main-phase one with homogenous Dy distribution in the matrix grains.Room-temperature magnetic properties H_(Cj)=1664 kA/m,B_r=1.33 T and(BH)_(max)=350.4 kJ/m~3 for the multi-main-phase magnet are all better than those for the single-main-phase magnet with H_(Cj)=1536 kA/m,B_r=1.29 T and(BH)_(max)=318.4 kj/m3.In addition,over the temperature range from 295 to 423 K,both the temperature coefficients of coercivity and remanence for the multi-main-phase magnet are also lower than that for the single-main-phase magnet.Such superior magnetic performance is attributed to the short-range magnetic interactions inside individual 2:14:1 phase grains and the long-range magnetostatic interactions between adjacent grains with inhomogeneous Dy distribution.Our work provides a feasible approach of enhancing coercivity and retaining energy product simultaneously in the Nd-Dy-Fe-B permanent magnets.     

Improved Electrical Insulation of Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Materials With High Magnetic Properties

 Rare earth permanent magnetic materials are typical electrical conductor, and their magnetic properties will decrease because of the eddy current effect, so it is difficult to keep them stable for a long enough time under a high frequency AC field. In the present study, as far as rare earth permanent magnets are concerned, for the first time, rare earth permanent magnets with strong electrical insulation and high magnetic performance have been obtained through experiments, and their properties are as follows: (1) Sm2TM17: Br=062 T, jHc=8037 kA/m, (BH)m=5897 kJ/m3, ρ=7 Ω·m; (2) NdFeB: Br=0485 T, jHc=76633 kA/m, (BH)m=3796 kJ/m3, ρ=9 Ω·m. The magnetic properties of Sm2TM17 and NdFeB are obviously higher than those of ferrite permanent magnet, and the electric insulating characteristics of Sm2TM17 and NdFeB applied have in fact been approximately the same as those of ferrite. Therefore, Sm2TM17 and NdFeB will possess the ability to take the place of ferrite under a certain high frequency AC electric field.