显微组织对X80管线钢冲击性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、落锤冲击试验机等研究了具有不同显微组织高温轧制X80管线钢的冲击性能,并分析了不同显微组织中析出物的成分及尺寸。结果表明:具有针状铁素体和多边形铁素体的X80管线钢较粒状贝氏体钢铁具有更高的冲击功和断面纤维率,且二者都具有较高的裂纹扩展功,三种显微组织X80管线钢的析出物尺寸均主要集中在50~140 nm,其产生的析出强化作用对韧性损害较小;综合考虑强度及韧性的要求,对开发高温轧制22 mm厚的X80管线钢来说,宜采用针状铁素体组织。     

电站管道用ASME P92钢材显微金相组织研究

通过对电站管道用ASME P92钢材进行了显微金相组织分析，结果显示在ASME P92钢中出现了回火马氏体＋δ-铁素体组织形态，其中δ-铁素体含量超过10%。分析表明在高温回火过程中实际温度和升温降温速率控制不当是产生δ-铁素体组织的主要原因。     

国产抗大变形管线钢的显微组织

采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察分析了抗大变形管线钢的显微组织。结果表明:抗大变形管线钢显微组织为软相和硬相的双相组织,软相主要包括多边形铁素体和准多边形铁素体,硬相主要包括粒状贝氏体、贝氏体铁素体以及马氏体;组织沿壁厚方向上分布均匀,其中多边形铁素体晶粒的发育完整,晶粒之间多为大角度晶界,贝氏体和马氏体呈长条状夹在多边形铁素体中间,板条之间的位相差一般大于15°。     

碳、铬、钼元素对X70管线钢显微组织与性能的影响

对X70管线钢的化学成分进行调整,研究了碳、铬、钼元素对该管线钢显微组织、力学性能和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:不同成分试验钢的显微组织均为针状铁素体+准多边形铁素体+粒状贝氏体,力学性能均满足API SPEC 5L对X70管线钢的要求;适当增加碳元素或铬元素含量均可提高试验钢的抗拉强度和耐磨性能;钼元素对试验钢的抗拉强度没有显著的影响,当钼质量分数由0增至0.22%时,耐磨性能先降后升。     

含铬管线钢的显微组织和力学性能

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机和冲击试验机等对新开发的耐CO_2腐蚀、含铬(1%～5%)管线钢的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究,分析了铬含量对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明:铬元素的添加明显改变了管线钢的组织,随铬含量增加,管线钢的组织由铁素体-珠光体转变为贝氏体;含铬管线钢的硬度、强度和韧脆转变温度随铬含量增加而提高,而塑性和韧性则下降;在很宽的温度范围内(高于-120℃),铬含量为1%和3%管线钢的冲击韧性优于X65钢的。     

X80管线钢用自保护药芯焊丝的研制及焊接接头性能

为满足X80管线钢的焊接需要,开发了以BaF2为主的低碱性渣系Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti-B合金系自保护药芯焊丝,并对采用该焊丝焊接后此钢接头的显微组织及力学性能进行了分析。结果表明:X80管线钢接头焊缝显微组织为针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体以及少量的M-A岛,热影响区的组织主要为粒状贝氏体、贝氏体铁素体;焊接接头的抗拉强度为711 MPa,屈服强度为565.7 MPa,室温冲击功为155J,-20℃冲击功为144.7J,完全能满足石油管道建设的标准要求。     

轧制工艺对经济型X80管线钢组织和显微硬度的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D型热模拟试验机对传统型X80管线钢和经济型X80管线钢进行模拟轧制,研究了变形温度、冷却速率和终冷温度等工艺参数对其组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:两种试验钢的组织均为针状铁素体、少量准多边形铁素体和粒状贝氏体,二者的显微硬度相差不大;随着变形温度降低、冷却速率增大和终冷温度降低,经济型X80管线钢的组织逐渐细化,M/A岛由棒状逐渐变成圆点状,尺寸变小,显微硬度的波动不大。     

控轧控冷双相高强度X100管线钢的组织与性能

为了提高石油输送管线钢的等级及韧性,对超低碳微合金钢通过控制轧制后的三阶段冷却,在实验室试制了X100高钢级管线钢,并对其显微组织与力学性能进行了分析。结果表明:试验钢在拉伸过程中没有明显的屈服点,屈服强度达770 MPa,屈强比为0.80,伸长率达到21.3%,-20℃冲击功为179 J,均符合标准要求,具有良好的综合力学性能;试验钢在冷却过程中发生了位错回复、亚晶形成、形变诱导析出、针状铁素体以及板条贝氏体的转变、析出物长大和碳化物偏聚等,形成了针状铁素体和贝氏体双相组织为主及部分M-A岛和孪晶的显微组织。     

显微组织对超低碳X80管线钢氢致开裂行为的影响

对超低碳X80管线钢分别进行了正火和淬火处理,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电子背散射衍射技术等手段,研究了显微组织对试验钢氢致开裂(HIC)行为的影响。结果表明:未经热处理的试验钢显微组织为针状铁素体,该组织的抗HIC性能优于正火后多边形铁素体组织和淬火后贝氏体铁素体组织的抗HIC性能;大小角度晶界的均匀分布有利于提高试验钢的抗HIC性能,高密度的小角度晶界可以阻止氢致裂纹扩展。     

针状铁素体焊缝金属二次热循环的析出行为

用Gleeblel500型热模拟机对X70管线钢多道焊焊缝金属进行了热模拟试验，对二次热循环作用后焊缝金属中各种组织尤其是大量针状铁素体组织的数量、尺寸及形貌进行了分析。结果表明：经历了二次热循环过程后，焊缝金属中存在着数量不一的先共析铁素体和块状铁素体，针状铁素体仍占据着主导地位。共感生成的二次针状铁素体在一次针状铁素体的基体上形核并以一定的速率迅速长大到有限的尺寸，一次针状铁素体和二次针状铁素体都是在奥氏体晶内形核、长大，都具有细化奥氏体晶粒、提高多道焊焊缝金属和焊接热影响区韧性的作用。     

常用典型齿轮钢渗碳层的组织与性能

通过对3种齿轮钢20CrNi2Mo、17CrNiMo6、20CrMnMo进行渗碳及热处理,研究了不同渗碳时间后3种钢的表面碳含量及热处理前后的渗层硬度和组织。结果表明:3种钢的合金系数从高到低依次为20CrMnMo钢、17CrNiMo6钢、20CrNi2Mo钢,合金系数越大,相同渗碳条件下表面碳含量越高;高温回火前3种渗碳层的表面硬度均在45HRC以上,回火后均有所降低;高温回火前渗碳层的组织为马氏体、残余奥氏体等非平衡态混合组织。     

Comparative Investigation on Tribological Properties of Ion-Sulfuration Layers Under Dry Friction

Four kinds of steel, including high-speed steel (M2), die steel (L6), stainless steel (420) and plain carbon steel (1045), were treated by low-temperature ion sulfuration. Sulfide layers, dominated by the FeS phase, were produced on the surfaces of the four steels. The tribological properties of sulfide layers were investigated on a block-on-ring test rig under dry friction conditions. The results showed that the tribological properties of all sulfurized steels were remarkably improved. The tribological properties decreased in the order of high-speed steel—die steel—1045 steel—stainless steel. The hardness, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the substrate determined the differences in the tribological properties of different steels.     

高钢级管线钢中M/A岛的微观特征及其对力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对四种X80和X100管线钢管材组织中马氏体和残余奥氏体(M/A)岛的微观特征进行了对比分析,并结合力学性能检测,研究了M/A岛的微观特征对力学性能的影响.结果表明:X80管线钢组织中的M/A岛呈块状或点状,有尖角且不均匀分布;X100管线钢组织中的M/A岛呈点状或条状弥散分布;管线钢组织...     

X80高屈强比管线钢性能分析与管道安全性预测

测出X80等5种材料常规机械性能及名义应力屈强比σs/σb和真实应力屈强比Ss/Sb。比较发现Ss/Sb较σs/σb小13%,表明高强度、高屈强比X80钢屈服后塑性变形裕度仍较大。还测出材料静力韧度、冲击韧性及断裂δR阻力曲线,并应用于X80钢管线安全性预测,可以认为,高屈强比对结构安全性的影响并非如通常认为的那么严重。最后讨论了屈强比对硬化指数n的影响。     

GCr15及G20CrNi2Mo轴承钢高温润滑条件下摩擦磨损性能

为了探究轴承钢在高温润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、洛氏硬度计等对GCr15高碳轴承钢和G20CrNi2Mo渗碳轴承钢组织、物相及硬度进行了表征,利用QG-700型气氛高温摩擦磨损试验机研究轴承钢材料不同条件下的高温润滑摩擦磨损性能,并分析其磨损机制.结果表明:2种轴承钢...     

介稳奥氏体锰钢耐冲击磨粒磨损性能及磨面组织

利用冲击磨粒磨损试验结合扫描电镜、透射电镜和穆斯堡尔谱等分析手段研究了介稳奥氏体锰钢的耐磨性和磨损机制。结果表明,介稳奥氏体锰钢在某一冲击功下具有最佳耐磨性。在磨损过程中磨面诱发生产两类马氏体,无碳马氏体和合金马氏体。最耐磨时的磨面组织为合金奥氏体和无碳马氏体的混合组织。     

Assessment of the erosion resistance of steels used for slurry handling and transport in mineral processing applications

The wear environment of steels used for containing, transporting and processing erosive mineral slurries is often such that fluid borne particles form a layer moving at high speed across the wearing surface. Information on the performance ranking of such materials is limited, particularly with respect to the influence of steel hardness and microstructure on the resistance to erosion. This is particularly important for the oil sands industry of Northern Alberta where handling and processing of essentially silica-based solids results in extremely severe wear conditions. This paper presents slurry erosion data obtained on 11 commercially available wear resistant plate and pipeline steels with hardness values up to 750 HV. These data were obtained using a Coriolis erosion tester operated at 5000 rpm with an aqueous slurry containing 10 wt.% of 200–300 μm silica sand particles.

The Coriolis erosion tester was selected because it provides a low-angle scouring action that simulates the erosive conditions encountered in oil sands and tailings pipeline transport and in some related processing operations. Results show that this test method is able to discriminate clearly between the erosion resistance of these steels, expressed in terms of specific energy (the energy necessary to remove unit volume of test material), with the most erosion resistant steel being more than five times superior to the least resistant. A graphical relation between steel hardness and erosion resistance is given. A comparison is also made between slurry erosion data and the performance of the materials in the ASTM G65 dry sand rubber wheel (DSRW) sliding abrasion test. Comments on the influence of the macro- and microstructures of the steels on their wear behaviour are included.     

实验室薄板坯连铸连轧电工钢板的组织与性能

在实验室条件下对两种电工钢进行了薄板坯连铸连轧,对Fe-3.2%Si取向硅钢板的铸坯组织、偏析、轧后组织和抑制剂形貌、织构等进行了分析,同时利用热模拟技术测定了Fe-1.6%Si无取向硅钢的CCT曲线,建立了变形抗力模型.结果表明:Fe-3.2%Si取向硅钢铸坯等轴晶比例为35%左右,铸坯表面至中心的碳、硫和磷偏析指数为0.9～1.1,热轧后组织不均匀,分三个区域,热轧带次表层有一定的{110}<001高斯织构存在,织构的组分和传统工艺的基本相同,但织构强度稍弱;给出了Fe-1.6%Si无取向硅钢铁素体区、奥氏体区和两相区变形抗力的数学模型.     

Wear behaviour of some low alloyed steels under combined impact/abrasion contact conditions

The wear behaviour of some low alloyed steels has been investigated using a laboratory impeller–tumbler wear test equipment in which the steel samples are worn by angular granite particles under combined impact/abrasion wear contact conditions. The wear of the steels was evaluated by weight loss of the steel samples while the wear mechanisms of the steels were investigated by post-test light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The worn steel surfaces display a very rough surface topography with pronounced craters and distinct grooves caused by high and low angle impacts, i.e. abrasive wear, respectively. Besides, fragments of embedded granite particles are frequently observed in the worn surface of the steels. The wear of the steels tends to decrease with increasing steel hardness. However, instead of using the bulk hardness value the hardness of the worn/plastically deformed surface layer should be used when modelling the wear resistance. Further, the wear resistance of the steels was found to be dependent on the microstructure and chemical composition. Steels with similar type of microstructure show a linear decrease in weight loss with decreasing grain size and increasing carbon content.     

微合金化元素钛对中碳非调质钢韧性的影响

探讨了钛对非调质钢的显微组织和变形过程的影响。测试了钢在平面应变状态下的断裂韧性,计算了冲击和拉伸状态下的裂纹形成能和扩展能。用SEM研究了断口形貌。结果表明,钢中加入钛可使先共析钛素体量增多,在冲击状态下,加入钛对韧性影响不大,钒钢和钒钛钢均为准解理断裂,但在静态拉伸时,钒钛钢为剪切断裂,钒钢为准解理断裂。