超高强7090/SiCP复合材料的组织和性能

对喷射共沉积7090/SiCP复合材料坯经过挤压及不同热处理后棒材的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究,对其热处理工艺进行了确定.结果表明复合材料坯经挤压后组织细小均匀,SiC颗粒均匀分布;采用470℃×1 h+490℃×1 h的双级固溶处理及120℃×28 h时效后,挤压棒材的抗拉强度可达785 MPa,弹性模量超过100GPa;双级固溶+时效复合材料的力学性能明显优于单级固溶+时效态的力学性能;复合材料的断裂主要是由SiC颗粒断裂和界面脱粘引起.     

热挤压态Cu-17Ni-2.5Sn-1.5Al合金的显微组织及强化机制

对铸造态Cu-17Ni-2.5Sn-1.5Al合金依次进行930℃×2.5h均匀化退火处理和950℃热挤压,研究了热挤压态合金的显微组织和拉伸性能,分析了其强化机制。结果表明:热挤压态合金的组织发生明显细化,平均晶粒尺寸约为32μm,基体组织中存在弥散分布的球形Ni3Al相,其直径约为10nm;热挤压态合金的抗拉强度达922MPa,屈服强度为779 MPa;合金中存在细晶强化、固溶强化以及第二相析出强化等3种强化机制,且以固溶强化为主,固溶强化占总强化效果的56%;铝元素主要起固溶强化和第二相析出强化作用。     

喷射沉积SiC_p/Al-20Si-4.5Cu梯度复合材料的优化热处理工艺

采用喷射沉积技术制备了SiCp/Al-20Si-4.5Cu梯度复合材料,并对其进行致密化和不同温度、时间的固溶、时效热处理,通过对比硬度得出优化的热处理工艺参数;然后对热处理前后的试样进行拉伸试验,并观察拉伸断口形貌。结果表明:该复合材料优化的固溶温度为485℃,固溶时间为1.5h,时效温度为175℃,时效时间为7h;SiC颗粒含量的梯度变化导致复合材料时效速度呈梯度变化;高SiC含量的表层峰值时效后的抗拉强度最高,为432MPa,其伸长率为5.8%,此时沿SiC颗粒含量梯度降低方向上的复合材料则处于欠时效状态,塑性较好;梯度复合材料中高SiC含量表层的脆性断裂特征明显,沿梯度方向上随SiC含量的降低,复合材料拉伸断口上的韧窝增多,韧性断裂趋势增强。     

快速凝固结合粉末冶金法制备SiC_p/AZ91复合材料的组织及性能

用快速凝固结合粉末冶金法制备了SiC颗粒增强镁合金基复合材料(SiCp/AZ91)棒材,研究了SiC颗粒含量对复合材料室温力学性能及显微组织的影响.结果表明:制备的复合材料棒材中SiC颗粒在基体中分布均匀,但仍存在局部颗粒团聚现象;随SiC颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和断后伸长率均逐渐降低;热挤压过程中,镁、SiC和SiO2之间发生了界面反应,在界面生成Mg2Si等脆性相,影响了复合材料的界面性能.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备及性能

利用粉末冶金法制备出了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/Al),研究了SiC颗粒添加量对复合材料布氏硬度、抗拉强度及显微结构的影响。结果表明:SiC颗粒在基体材料中分布均匀,界面清晰;SiCp/Al复合材料的硬度与抗拉强度随SiC颗粒含量的增加先升高后降低,在SiC颗粒添加量为7 Wt%时,硬度与抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为89.4HBS与311MPa。     

压裂分隔工具用可溶合金的组织与性能

开发和制备了Mg-Ca-Zn-Fe-Ni-Cu可溶合金,对铸态和热挤压态合金的显微组织和力学性能进行了对比,研究了热挤压态合金的溶解性能、应用性能等。结果表明:试验合金的密度约为1.8g·cm~(-3),组织由α-Mg、Mg2Ca、Mg_2Ni、Mg_2Cu及Mg_6Ca_2Zn_3等相组成,热挤压态合金的基体相和析出相尺寸均小于铸态合金的,并沿热挤压方向分布;经热挤压处理后合金的抗拉强度和伸长率增大,硬度升高;热挤压态合金的溶解速率随温度的升高而增大,室温浸泡24h后合金的质量损失率为40%,而60℃浸泡24h后合金已完全溶解;采用挤压态合金加工的压裂球在90℃和70 MPa下的压降比为0.86%,密封性良好;现场试验结果显示该合金压裂球的应用效果良好。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料薄板轧制工艺的研究

本文研究了轧制方式、轧制温度等对SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响.轧制温度为410 ℃,平行于挤压方向取样并进行交叉轧制可以制备出高质量、高性能的薄板,轧制态7075/SiCp复合材料薄板的力学性能为:σs=542.51 MPa,σb=666.09 MPa,δ=4.91%.7075/SiCp铝基复合材料是极具吸引力的低密度结构材料,广泛应用于制造飞机结构及要求强度高、抗腐蚀性能强的高应力结构件.在航空、航天、交通等实际工程应用领域中,对轧制态铝基复合材料薄板的需求越来越大.     

添加铝对不同处理态FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金显微组织及电化学性能的影响

采用真空熔炼技术制备了FeCoCrNiMn和Al_(0.3)FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金,并依次进行了1 150℃×6h均匀化处理(固溶态),室温大变形轧制及800℃×1h退火处理(轧制退火态),研究了其固溶态和轧制退火态的显微组织及在室温0.5mol·L~(-1) H_2SO_4溶液中的电化学性能。结果表明:固溶态2种高熵合金均由面心立方单相组成;经大变形轧制及退火处理后,FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金仍为面心立方单相组织,其晶粒尺寸细化到4.57μm,铝的添加使合金中生成了大量富铬σ相及贫铬体心立方相,且晶粒尺寸细化到小于500nm;不同处理态下2种高熵合金在H_2SO_4溶液中均出现了钝化区,铝的添加降低了FeCoCrNiMn合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

SiC_p增强镁-锌-锆合金基复合材料的阻尼性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了不同含量SiC颗粒增强Mg-2.51Zn-0.629Zr合金基复合材料;采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射仪等对基体合金及复合材料的组织及物相组成进行了分析,采用LMA-1型低频力学弛豫谱仪对基体合金及复合材料的阻尼性能随频率与温度的变化关系进行了研究。结果表明:当SiC颗粒体积分数为15%时,复合材料中颗粒的分布比较均匀;与基体合金相比,SiC颗粒的加入显著提高了复合材料的阻尼性能,SiC颗粒体积分数为9%时,复合材料的阻尼性能最好,其内耗-温度曲线在100～150℃,250～300℃及350～400℃的温度范围内均出现了内耗峰。     

铺粉工艺对SiC 颗粒增强铝基表面复合材料性能的影响*

搅拌法制备SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料时铺粉工艺对材料性能影响很大,影响SiC颗粒能否均匀地嵌入基体中。研究黏接剂、SiC颗粒粒径、颗粒铺粉厚度等对搅拌摩擦制备SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的影响。以焊缝宏观质量、SiC颗粒体积分数与硬度、基体组织及颗粒、复合材料不同深度维氏硬度、复合区面积(宏观)为表征参量对制备的复合材料进行表征,并得出最佳的铺粉工艺。结果表明:相比于α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯,聚乙烯醇作为黏接剂时,复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布更加均匀;嵌入基体的SiC颗粒体积分数随着SiC粉末粒径的增加而增加,而基体中SiC颗粒体积分数相同情况下,SiC颗粒的粒径越小对基体材料硬度的提高越明显;复合材料中SiC颗粒增强区面积会随着铺粉厚度的增加而增加,但增加铺粉厚度会使得SiC颗粒增强区硬度、体积分数的变化梯度增加。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.