热处理对钛合金激光熔覆自润滑耐磨复合涂层组织和摩擦学性能的影响

为了进一步提高钛合金激光熔覆层的质量,以Ni Cr/Cr_3C_2-WS2复合粉末为原料,采用激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛合金表面制备了自润滑耐磨复合涂层,并将复合涂层在600℃下保温1 h,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、摩擦磨损试验系统地分析了涂层热处理前后的组织、显微硬度和摩擦学性能的变化及其机理,研究了热处理对自润滑耐磨复合涂层性能的影响。结果表明:自润滑耐磨复合涂层的主要物相为韧性相Ni Ti2,增强相Cr_3C_2、Cr7C_3、Ti C以及润滑相Ti_2SC、Cr S;热处理1 h后涂层的显微硬度(928.8 HV5 N)相对于未热处理涂层(1 076.1HV5 N)略有下降;相对于未热处理涂层,热处理1 h后的涂层表现出良好的耐磨减摩性能,其磨损机理为磨粒磨损。     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆NiCrCoAlY-Cr3C2复合涂层的摩擦和高温抗氧化性能

为了提高TC4 钛合金表面摩擦磨损和高温抗氧化性能,以 NiCrCoAlY+20%(质量分数)Cr3 C2 混合粉末作为熔覆粉末,采用激光熔覆技术在TC4 钛合金表面制备NiCrCoAlY-Cr3 C2 复合涂层,利用OM,SEM,XRD,EDS等分析涂层的显微组织和物相组成;采用 HXD-1 000TB 显微硬度计测量涂层显微硬度;采用 MMG-500 三体磨损试验机与 WS-G1 50 智能马弗炉对涂层和基体进行摩擦磨损及高温抗氧化实验.结果表明:利用激光熔覆技术在 TC4 钛合金表面可以制备形貌良好、无裂纹和气孔等缺陷的复合涂层.熔覆区显微组织结构致密,多为针状晶和树枝晶;结合区的显微组织主要由平面晶、胞状晶和树枝晶组成,生成了多种可提高耐磨性和高温抗氧化性的碳化物、氧化物和金属间化合物.复合涂层的最高显微硬度为 1344HV,约为钛合金基体 350HV的 3.8 倍;复合涂层的摩擦因数为0.2～0.3,较钛合金基体的摩擦因数0.6～0.7 明显下降;相同条件下复合涂层的磨损失重为0.00060 g,是钛合金基体磨损失重 0.06508 g 的0.9%;恒温 850 ℃氧化 100 h后复合涂层氧化增重为 6.01 mg·cm－2 ,约为钛合金基体氧化增重 25.10 mg·cm－2的24%.激光熔覆技术有效改善了TC4 钛合金表面的摩擦磨损和高温抗氧化性能.     

铸铁表面电刷镀/激光熔覆复合涂层制备与性能评价

为了解决铸铁零件激光熔覆易出现裂纹的问题,采用电刷镀与激光熔覆技术复合方法对铸铁零件进行再制造.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计和往复摩擦磨损试验机分析了涂层的显微组织、测试了涂层的硬度和摩擦磨损性能.实验结果表明:电刷镀/激光熔覆复合处理所制备的涂层组织致密、无裂纹、气孔等缺...     

激光熔覆法制备Al2O3-TiO2涂层的显微组织与性能研究

采用预置粉末式激光熔覆法在钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)表面开展了Al_2O_3-13%(质量分数)TiO_2涂层的研究。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和显微硬度计研究了激光熔覆熔池的特征和涂层的显微结构,分析了涂层的成分分布、相组成和显微硬度分布情况。预置粉末激光熔覆制备的Al_2O_3-13%(质量分数)TiO_2涂层界面结合良好,涂层组织均匀,没有明显的裂纹和气孔。激光熔覆涂层表现出明显流线型特征,熔覆层截面分为热影响区、扩散结合区和涂层区。涂层由Ti、AlTi_3、α-Al_2O_3和γ-Al_2O_3等相组成。涂层的显微硬度达到1000~1300HV_(0.3),比基体硬度360~390HV_(0.3)高2倍。     

Ti6Al4V合金激光原位合成自润滑复合涂层高温摩擦学性能

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的高温摩擦学性能,采用激光熔覆技术在其表面原位合成多相混杂金属基高温自润滑耐磨复合涂层,熔覆粉末的成分为Ni60-16.8%TiC-23.2%WS_2(质量分数,下同),系统地研究复合涂层的显微组织、物相结构及其在20,300,600,800℃下的摩擦学性能和相关磨损机理。结果表明:复合涂层的显微硬度(701.88HV_0.5)约为基体(350 HV_0.5)的2倍;由于原位合成固体润滑相(Ti_2SC/TiS/NiS/TiO/TiO_2/NiCr_2O_4/Cr_2O_3)和硬质相(W,Ti)C_1-x/TiC/Cr_7C_3的协同作用,复合涂层的耐磨减摩性能明显优于基体。随着温度升高,涂层和基体的摩擦因数和磨损率均呈下降趋势,在800℃时复合涂层和基体的摩擦因数分别为0.32和0.43,磨损率分别为1.80×10^-4,2.92×10^-5mm/Nm。在800℃下塑性变形、分层和氧化磨损为基体主要磨损机理,复合涂层以氧化磨损和轻微的黏着磨损为主。     

激光熔覆原位自生碳化物增强自润滑耐磨复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能

利用激光熔覆技术在TC11合金表面成功制备NiCrBSi-Ti_3SiC_2-CaF_2-WC耐磨自润滑涂层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析熔覆层的物相及微观组织;利用显微硬度仪对其硬度进行了测量。分别在室温(25℃),300℃和600℃条件下对涂层进行干滑动摩擦磨损实验,并分析其磨损机理。结果表明:涂层主要由γ-Ni共晶相,M_(23)C_6,TiC,(Ti,W)C,Ti_5Si_3硬质相以及少量的Ti_3SiC_2,CaF_2,TiF_3润滑相组成。激光熔覆层的显微硬度大幅度提高,显微硬度平均值为863.63HV_(0.2),约为基体的2.46倍,熔覆层总体摩擦因数和磨损率明显低于基体,在300℃条件下,涂层具有最低的摩擦因数(0.275)和磨损率(4.8×10~(-5)mm~3·N~(-1)·m~(-1))。     

Ti811表面单道与多道TC4激光熔覆层微观组织对比

按照CFM发动机维修手册的修复建议,在Ti811钛合金表面,利用同步送粉激光熔覆技术,制备了单道与多道搭接TC4激光熔覆层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)等分析了涂层组织和相组成,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度。结果表明,单道涂层微观组织呈现魏氏体结构,由α-Ti组成的晶界中分布大量的针状马氏体α′和残留β′-Ti,涂层中弥散分布着10—150nm的纳米Ti_3Al;多道搭接涂层由基底α-Ti和均匀分布的Ti_3Al组成;单道涂层和多道搭接涂层的显微硬度相比基底都有所提高,单道涂层显微硬度最高为485HV_(0.5),多道搭接涂层显微硬度最高为510HV_(0.5)。     

热处理对冷喷涂Cu-20%Al_2O_3复合涂层耐磨损性能的影响研究

利用冷喷涂技术制备Cu-20%(质量分数)Al2O3复合涂层,并在氩气保护气氛下对该复合涂层进行300℃、500℃和700℃退火热处理。采用常温干摩擦试验评价热处理对冷喷涂Cu-20%(质量分数)Al2O3复合涂层耐磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层表面磨痕形貌。结果表明,复合涂层经退火热处理后发生了再结晶现象,涂层显微硬度降低。冷喷涂态和退火态复合涂层磨损机制不同:冷喷涂态复合涂层和低温退火热处理(300℃和500℃)下复合涂层磨损主要为磨粒磨损,700℃退火态复合涂层主要表现为疲劳磨损。     

高频感应熔覆TiN/Co涂层组织及性能研究

为提高抽油杆表面的硬度和耐磨性,利用高频感应加热熔覆技术成功地在35CrMo钢基体上制备了TiN强化Co基复合涂层。涂层组织均匀致密,未出现明显的气孔、裂纹等缺陷。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等手段研究熔覆层的组织结构,利用维氏显微硬度计表征涂层的显微硬度,并对涂层进行大削盘摩擦副试验,分别测试其摩擦系数和磨损量。结果表明:熔覆层的组织主要是γ-Co过饱和固溶体,且Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_2B以及TiN等硬质相弥散分布于Co基体上;熔覆层具有较高的硬度,TiN掺杂量为10%的涂层表面硬度达到了788HV_(0.1),且由结合面至涂层表面,硬度逐渐增加;在相同的磨损条件下,10%TiN/Co复合涂层的耐磨损性能最好,其摩擦系数和磨损量较未添加TiN的涂层分别降低了40%和45%;涂层的磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损相结合。     

激光熔覆镍包石墨和石墨烯复合涂层组织和性能分析

采用激光熔覆技术在40CrNi2Si2MoV钢基体表面分别制备镍包石墨和石墨烯复合涂层,测试分析了涂层的物相、微观组织、显微硬度以及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:激光熔覆涂层主要由γ-Ni、Ni_3B、M_(23)C_6和M_7C_3相组成,均为树枝晶和共晶组织;从熔覆层表面到基体的显微硬度呈现出四个台阶,硬度最高值出现在亚表层;两种涂层均具有较好的减摩性能和耐磨性能。     

Investigation of the properties of nickel-boron/nano-diamond composite coatings upon pre/post heat treatment

The study has explored the physical and chemical properties of nickel-boron/nano-diamond composite coatings upon pre/post heat treatment. The nano-composite coatings were produced by electroless plating. In fact, the effects of using the nano-diamond additives (0 g l⁻¹, 0.1 g l⁻¹, 0.3 g l⁻¹, 0.5 g l⁻¹, 0.7 g l⁻¹) were investigated in pre/post heat treatment. According to the results, the micro-hardness of the nickel-boron/nano-diamond composite coating produced in the bath containing 0.5 g l⁻¹ nano-diamond additive reached to 1005 HV 0.05 upon post-heat treatment. Also, the corrosion resistance of the nickel-boron/nano-diamond composite coatings was modified by using the nano-additive or heat treatment. But, adding nano-diamond particles reduced the ductility and wear resistance of the nickel-boron coatings. We also found, modification of the properties (ductility and wear resistance) of the composite coatings was achieved by using the heat treatment.     

Microstructural studies and wear assessments of Ti/TiC surface composite coatings on commercial pure Ti produced by titanium cored wires and TIG process

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process and titanium cored wires filled with micro size TiC particles were employed to produce surface composite coatings on commercial pure Ti substrate for wear resistance improvement. Wire drawing process was utilized to produce several cored wires from titanium strips and titanium carbide powders. Subsequently, these cored wires were melted and coated on commercial pure Ti using TIG process. This procedure was repeated at different current intensities and welding travel speeds. Composite coating tracks were found to be affected by TIG heat input. The microstructural studies using optical and scanning electron microscopy supported by X-ray diffraction showed that the surface composite coatings consisted of α′-Ti, spherical and dendritic TiC particles. Also, greater volume fractions of TiC particles in the coatings were found at lower heat input. A maximum microhardness value of about 1100 HV was measured which is more than 7 times higher than the substrate material. Pin-on-disk wear tests exhibited a better performance of the surface composite coatings than the untreated material which was attributed to the presence of TiC particles in the microstructure.     

304不锈钢激光原位合成自润滑涂层的宽温域摩擦学性能

由于304不锈钢在中、高温下摩擦学性能较差,制约了其在重要摩擦运动副零部件上的应用。为改善304不锈钢的摩擦学性能,以Ni60粉末为增韧相,WS2为合成润滑相的前驱化合物,TiC为高硬度耐磨相,采用高能激光束在其表面原位合成自润滑耐磨复合涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机和探针式材料表面磨痕测量仪表征涂层和基体的物相、微观结构、显微硬度与表面形貌,并系统研究涂层和基体在20,300,600,800℃下的摩擦学性能及其磨损机理。结果表明:涂层主要由Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11,Ti2SC,Fe2C,Cr7C3,CrS和WS2组成;涂层的平均显微硬度(302.0HV0.5)略高于基体(257.2HV0.5),但涂层上部区域的硬度(425.4HV0.5)约为基体的1.65倍;涂层在所有等温摩擦学实验中摩擦因数和磨损率均低于基体,300℃时涂层润滑效果最好,摩擦因数为0.3031,600℃时涂层耐磨效果最好,磨损率为9.699×10^-5 mm^3·N^-1·m^-1。     

微波烧结原位合成TiC增强钛复合材料的性能

以纳米管(MWCNTs)和纯钛为原料,用微波烧结法原位合成TiC增强钛基复合材料,研究了这种材料的组织和性能并探讨了TiC增强相的生成机理。结果表明,微波烧结时MWCNTs与Ti原位生成TiC增强相。MWCNTs的添加量(质量分数,下同)低于1%时TiC呈现颗粒状且分布均匀,Ti基体致密;MWCNTs的添加量高于1.5%时TiC呈树枝晶形貌,Ti基体的组织粗化使复合材料出现较多的孔洞。MWCNTs的添加使材料由粘着磨损为主转变为磨粒磨损为主。随着MWCNTs添加量的提高,复合材料的显微硬度先提高后降低。MWCNTs添加量为1%的复合材料显微硬度最高(约为527HV)、耐磨性能最好(摩擦系数约为0.35)。与纯钛相比,TiC增强钛基复合材料的显微硬度提高了1.2倍,摩擦系数降低了0.4。     

Effects of high temperature treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-clad NiCrBSi/WC coatings on titanium alloy substrate

Laser-clad composite coatings on the Ti6Al4V substrate were heat-treated at 700, 800, and 900 °C for 1 h. The effects of post-heat treatment on the microstructure, microhardness, and fracture toughness of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. The wear resistance of the coatings was evaluated under dry reciprocating sliding friction at room temperature. The coatings mainly comprised some coarse gray blocky (W,Ti)C particles accompanied by the fine white WC particles, a large number of black TiC cellular/dendrites, and the matrix composed of NiTi and Ni₃Ti; some unknown rich Ni- and Ti-rich particles with sizes ranging from 10 nm to 50 nm were precipitated and uniformly distributed in the Ni₃Ti phase to form a thin granular layer after heat treatment at 700 °C. The granular layer spread from the edge toward the center of the Ni₃Ti phase with increasing temperature. A large number of fine equiaxed Cr₂₃C₆ particles with 0.2–0.5 μm sizes were observed around the edges of the NiTi supersaturated solid solution when the temperature was further increased to 900 °C. The microhardness and fracture toughness of the coatings were improved with increased temperature due to the dispersion-strengthening effect of the precipitates. Dominant wear mechanisms for all the coatings included abrasive and delamination wear. The post-heat treatment not only reduced wear volume and friction coefficient, but also decreased cracking susceptibility during sliding friction. Comparatively speaking, the heat-treated coating at 900 °C presented the most excellent wear resistance.     

电子束重熔对机械合金化法制备TiC/Ti复合涂层组织及摩擦性能的影响

对机械合金化（MA）法制备的TiC/Ti复合涂层进行电子束重熔处理,分析了经过不同电子束扫描速度的重熔工艺后TiC/Ti复合涂层组织和耐磨性能的变化规律。结果表明,当扫描速度为5~15 mm/s时,重熔处理消除了MA法制备的TiC/Ti复合涂层中的孔隙和裂纹,使其硬度与耐磨性能显著提高;但扫描速度过快（20 mm/s）时,TiC/Ti复合涂层内部出现重熔导致的孔洞缺陷。随着扫描速度由5 mm/s增加至15 mm/s,重熔后TiC/Ti复合涂层中的TiC相由粗大树枝状晶体逐渐转变为弥散分布的短棒和颗粒状晶体,弥散强化作用和固溶强化作用逐渐增强,TiC/Ti复合涂层的硬度由重熔前HV 554逐渐提高至HV 783,磨损速率由5.93×10-4 mm3（N·m）-1逐渐下降至1.75×10-4 mm3（N·m）-1,扫描速度为15 mm/s重熔后TiC/Ti复合涂层的性能最佳。      

热输入对金属基复合涂层中(Nb,Ti)C颗粒分布及性能的影响

目的 热输入对复合碳化物的析出、分布及耐磨性能具有重要影响。然而,目前热输入对碳化物增强金属基复合堆焊层组织结构与性能方面影响的研究较少。因此,需要探究焊接热输入对(Nb,Ti)C增强金属基复合堆焊层组织及耐磨性的影响,明确(Nb,Ti)C复合颗粒在堆焊层的作用机制。方法 采用Ar保护气体进行堆焊涂层的制备,通过调节堆焊电流和电压,研究不同热输入下堆焊层的形貌、组织及耐磨性能。结果 堆焊层中Ti元素与C元素优先发生了原位反应,生成了以TiC为形核中心的(Nb,Ti)C复合碳化物,弥散分布在马氏体基体组织上。随着热输入的增大,析出的(Nb,Ti)C颗粒数量逐渐减少,块状(Nb,Ti)C尺寸也逐渐变小。采用较低的热输入时,堆焊层硬度达到最高,为734.88HV0.5;随着堆焊热输入的增大,堆焊层的显微硬度呈降低趋势。具有较多(Nb,Ti)C的低热输入试样耐磨性能最佳,磨损量为0.80 mg;而具有较少(Nb,Ti)C的高热输入试样产生了严重的黏着磨损,磨损量较低热输入试样增大了约144%。结论 在摩擦磨损过程中,高硬度的(Nb,Ti)C颗粒会对基体起保护作用,可以提升其耐磨性能,且耐磨损性能随着堆焊热输入的增大而降低。     

热处理对高铬铸铁基蜂窝陶瓷复合材料耐磨性的影响

通过传统重力浇注工艺,用高铬铸铁金属溶液铸渗ZrO2增韧Al2O3(ZTA)陶瓷颗粒蜂窝状预制体,从而获得高铬铸铁基蜂窝陶瓷复合材料。将复合材料在930℃、980℃、1 030℃、1 080℃温度下淬火,并分别在230℃、330℃、430℃、530℃时回火,研究了热处理条件对高铬铸铁基蜂窝陶瓷复合材料组织及三体磨料磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明:在相同回火温度条件下,随着淬火温度的升高,复合材料硬度升高,其耐磨性也随之升高;在相同淬火温度条件下,随着回火温度的升高,材料的硬度及耐磨性能也随之升高,两者达到一定温度后其硬度及耐磨性都下降,材料耐磨性与材料的硬度变化趋势一致。最终得到复合材料的最佳热处理工艺为:1 030℃×2h,空冷+530℃×0.5h。