磁性形状记忆合金Ni54Mn21Ga24.75Sm0.25的马氏体相变研究

本文通过内耗和交流磁化率，研究了多晶合金Ni54Mn21Ga25的马氏体相变特征，分析了稀土元素Sm对合金中间马氏体相变影响。研究结果表明，添加Sm使合金Ni54Mn21Ga24的马氏体相变温度提高到室温以上，并且降低了合金的温度滞后，在低磁场下Sm对合金磁感生应变影响不大。     

应变约束相变对Ti44Ni47Nb9合金恢复应变的影响

研究了10％预应变Ti44Ni47Nb9合金应变约束相变加热温度Th对随后自由相变行为的影响，结果表明：经过约束相变循环的Ti44Ni47Nb9合金，在随后的自由相变过程输出两段恢复应变εr1和εr2，其值分别随约束相变加热温度Th升高而增加和减小，但合金总恢复应变εr(εr=εr1 εr2)却随Th。升高而降低．分析表明：恢复应变εr，的降低与约束逆相变过程中马氏体相在恢复力作用下拉伸变形导致合金产生了大量塑性变形有关，而两段恢复应变εr1和εr2的形成则与合金约束相变后形成应变量明显不同的M1和M2两部分取向马氏体逆相变相关．     

低相变温度宽相变滞后的Cu-Al-Mn-Nb形状记忆合金

通过恰当的成分设计,获得了具有较低马氏体相变温度及较宽相变滞后的Cu-Al-Mn-Nb形状记忆合金.用差热分析法(DSC)测得Cu-26.8Al-4.8Mn-1.0Nb(摩尔分数,%)合金在降温时马氏体相变最激烈的温度为-32℃;升温时奥氏体相变最激烈时的温度为68℃;相变滞后宽度达100℃.透射电镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析表明,该合金的马氏体为2H型结构,宽滞后效应是由于合金进行马氏体相变时析出了点状富铌颗粒从而松驰掉一部分弹性应变能而产生的.该合金在表面应变为4%时,弯曲变形试样的形状回复率达93%以上,在室温下时效2个月后,其形状回复率没有发生明显恶化.室温下其抗拉强度约为550 MPa,屈服强度约为380 MPa,塑性延伸率约为7%.     

Ni52Mn21+xGa27-x(x=0-5)磁性形状记忆合金的相变

研究了非化学计量成分的多晶Ni52Mn21+xGa27-x(x=0-5)系列合金的热弹性马氏体相变和磁相变.合金的马氏体相变温度Ms随Mn含量的增加而升高,当x＞4时,Ms已经升高到室温以上,而马氏体相变滞后△T随z的增大而减小;合金的磁相变温度TC随z增加而升高,但变化范围不大,在z＞2后,Tc保持在348 K左右.实验获得了一种具有实用前景的合金成分--Ni52Mn25Ga23合金,其马氏体相变温度在室温以上,相变滞后仅为5 K.     

TiNi合金约束相变行为研究

研究了预变形TiNi合金应变约束态下的相变行为结果表明：7％应变TiNi合金变形后第1次应变约束相变产生的恢复应力最大，逆相变开始温度．As′最高随着约束相变循环次数的增加，合金中引入大量塑性变形，降低了TiNi合金的恢复应变，进而造成TiNi合金约束相变恢复应力最大值逐渐降低，但约束逆相变开始温度．As′从第2次相变循环开始，几乎恢复到合金变形前的原始值，且不随相变循环次数增加而改变。     

201不锈钢形变诱发马氏体相变特性

201不锈钢塑性变形过程中会发生马氏体相变,相变改变了材料力学性能,使201不锈钢拉深成形后易产生时效开裂现象。为探明201不锈钢因马氏体相变导致的时效开裂原因,通过单向拉伸试验,研究了201不锈钢马氏体相变特性、温度和应变速率对马氏体相变的影响规律。结果表明:马氏体相变量随拉伸变形量的增加而增加;增加变形温度与应变速率,均会抑制马氏体相变;当温度达到100℃时,不再有相变发生;在同一温度下,随应变速率的增大,屈服强度和屈强比均增大,伸长率减小;但因马氏体相变,201不锈钢在50℃以下和100℃以上的抗拉强度表现出相反的变化规律;在不同温度下,201不锈钢在应变速率为0.001 s-1时的塑性变形能力最好。     

Ni50Mn27Ga23快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变

采用快淬技术制各了非化学计量成分的Ni50Mn27Ga23多晶薄带，对快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变进行了研究。结果表明，快淬薄带侄冷却和加热过程中仍然发牛热弹性马氏体相变及逆相变，具有典型的热弹性形状记忆效应，并且比铸态合金具有更大的应变，但是马氏体相变温度下降。快淬工艺在合金内部引入特定的内应力，使薄带形成织构，是合金获得更大相变应变和磁感卞应变的原因。热处理后，内应力大大降低，导致磁感牛应变降低。     

γ—Mn基合金双程形状记忆效应特性的研究

运用XRD研究了80％Mn—19％Cu—1％Ni合金马氏体晶格常数c、a随温度变化的趋势和在—定的预应变条件下，显微应变与温度、显微应变与形变恢复率的关系，研究了Ms点随塑性变形率变化的规律，由此研究7—Mn基合金马氏体的双程形状记忆效应的结构机制，结果表明：fct马氏体的塑性变形不但由滑移产生，而且可以由孪晶的重新取向而造成，而后者在微小的外应力作用下就可以实现，并且在形状恢复过程中，滑移和孪晶所起的作用不同，由于滑移而产生的变形，在马氏体逆相变中不能恢复，而那些具有c、a轴择优取向的变形微区和具有马氏体织构的微区，能够由马氏体逆相变即缸结构变为fcc结构，使形状得到恢复。     

哈斯勒合金Ni_(46)Cu_4Mn_(38)Sn_(12)的相变应变与磁感生应变

通过结构、磁性以及应变测量,研究哈斯勒合金Ni46Cu4Mn38Sn12在马氏体相变过程中的相变应变与磁感生应变。结果表明:样品在马氏体相变过程中表现出一个接近0.12%的相变应变,几乎是目前研究所报道的三元哈斯勒合金Ni-Mn-Sn相变应变的3倍;此外,在等温条件下,通过外加磁场的诱导,获得了该样品在反马氏体相变起始温度点(284 K)的一个大的磁感生应变,这种行为可归结为马氏体与奥氏体相之间界面的磁弹耦合。     

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金的相变滞后和应变马氏体的稳定性SCIEI

用不同温度下的拉伸试验、电阻法测量和透射电镜分析系统地研究了Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金的相变滞后及其影响因素,探讨了应变马氏体的稳定性。结果表明,存在一个特征形变温度和形变量范围,在这个范围内形变时,可以得到宽的相变滞后和高的应变恢复率。不规则的孪晶马氏体和含有位错亚结构的马氏体,以及与β-Nb质点相交截的马氏体都具有较高的稳定性。     

冷却速度对Ti-50.9%Ni形状记忆合金相变行为和组织的影响(英文)

为了探索冷却速度对镍钛形状记忆合金相变行为和组织的影响,通过差热扫描、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线荧光分析等方法研究Ti-50.9%Ni(摩尔分数)合金的热处理。结果表明:当冷却速度非常低时(如炉冷)可诱发三级相变的产生;冷却速度对相变温度也有很大的影响,Ms和Mf都随冷却速度的降低而下降,降低冷却速度有利于提高M→A奥氏体相变温度,相变滞后宽度(Af–Mf)随着冷却速度的降低而增大;热处理不能消除镍钛合金热加工时所形成的织构,但能减弱其强度;冷却速度对晶粒大小影响不大。     

DEFORMATION OF CuZnAl SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS IN MARTENSITIC STATE

Plastic deformation of three CuZnAl shape memory alloys in martensitic state was investi-gated by means of optical and electron metallography,dilatometry and electric resistiviy de-termination.Two of the alloys are in martensitic state at ambient temperature,and theA_f temperature of the third one is far below the ambient temperature.The effect ofdeformation of alloys in martensitic state on the course and temperature of transformation aswell as the hysteresis of transformation cycles has been analyzed and the “effect of the firstcycle” has also been discussed.     

Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni形状记忆合金约束下相变的电阻原位分析

通过同步测量约束加热和冷却过程中合金的电阻率和回复应力与温度的关系，对Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni形状记忆合金约束下的转变过程进行了详细研究。结果表明，变形约束加热后的冷却过程中，回复应力随温度降低而增加。当回复应力增加到大于合金的屈服强度时，将首先发生塑性变形；然后随温度的进一步降低，回复应力到达应力诱发Е马氏体相变的临界应力时，回复应力将诱发Е马氏体相变，导致回复应力随温度的降低而下降。塑性变形和应力诱发Е马氏体相变都将显著松弛回复应力，降低合金冷却到室温时的回复应力。建立了合金加热和冷却过程中回复应力的方程。提出了该记忆合金管接头成分设计原则。     

Study of martensitic transformation in the Fe-22 Mn-3 Si alloy by mechanical spectroscopy

Methods of mechanical spectroscopy (determination of the internal-energy dissipation and the elasticity modulus), X-Ray diffraction, and calorimetry have been used to study the specific features of the reversible martensitic transformation in the Fe—22Mn—3Si alloy (wt %). A detailed study has been given to the specific features of the internal-energy dissipatio n during the direct and reverse martensitic transformations in a wide range of heating rates, frequencies, and deformation amplitudes. Particular emphasis has been placed on multiple thermal cycling of the sample through the martensitic-transformation range and its effect on the martensitic-transformation parameters, such as the transformation start and finish temperatures, the value of the thermal hysteresis, and the transformation kinetics.     

In situ scanning electron microscopy observation of deformation and fracture behavior of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb alloy

The plastic deformation and fracture processes of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb alloy for surgical implants were directly observed by in situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The effect of phase transformations on deformation-induced martensitic transformation accompanying the cyclic tensile fracture processes was investigated.The results reveal that the metastable alpha martensites(α")promotes deformation-induced martensitic transformation to ductile fracture,whereas the omega(ω)and alpha(α)phases drastically prevent slip dislocation and deformation-induced martensitic transformation to brittle fracture.     

Ti-Ni-Nb宽滞后形状记忆合金的应力诱发马氏体相变行为

用在（Ms＋30℃）温度下的拉伸实验和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）较系统地研究了Ti44Ni47Nb9宽滞后形状记忆合金应力诱发马氏体的相变行为。研究结果表明：当形变量达到14％左右时，应力诱发马氏体相变过程基本完成。应力诱发马氏体的逆相变温度间隔要比热诱发马氏体约小一个数量级。形变对该合金应力诱发马氏体的逆转变开始温度、逆转变温度间隔以及相变潜热均有明显影响，随着拉伸变形量的增加而增加。而在随后的冷却循环中，相变潜热和马氏体相变开始温度均随着形变的增加缓慢降低。     

Effect of deformation on the stress-induced martensitic transformation in (Ni47Ti44)100−xNbx shape memory alloys with wide hysteresis

Martensite in TiNi-based alloys is reported to be thermally stabilized after a moderate deformation. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of deformation via stress-induced martensitic transformation on the reverse transformation behavior of (Ni₄₇Ti₄₄)_100−xNb_x (x=3, 9, 15, 20, 30 at.%) alloys. The stress-induced martensite appears to be stabilized in relation to the thermal-induced martensite that forms on cooling. This observation is confirmed by an increase in the reverse transformation start temperature, during which time the transformation temperature hysteresis reaches about 200°C. Moreover, the Nb content in Ni−Ti−Nb alloy has a great influence on the transformation temperature hysteresis of stress-induced martensite as well as on the process of stress-induced martensitic transformation. The mechanism of wide transformation temperature hysteresis is explained in terms of the microscopic structure of (Ni₄₇Ti₄₄)_100−xNb_x alloys. Furthermore, the temperature interval of the reverse transformation of stress-induced martensite was found to increase slightly as the strain of the high Nb-content alloy increased, though the value was much smaller than that of the thermally induced martensite. Finally, the paper explains the relation between this unique phenomenon and the elastic strain energy.     

Specific features of the martensitic transformation of deformed austenite in the 50N26 alloy upon cooling and magnetic treatment

The effect of pulsed magnetic field on the martensitic transformation of the austenite stabilized by plastic deformation in the 50N26 alloy, in which the martensite morphology changes under the effect of magnetic field, has been studied. It was established that the austenite stabilization caused by plastic deformation can be completely eliminated by the treatment with magnetic field.     

DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF Cu－Zn－Al ALLOYS AND ITS EFFECT ON TRANSFORMATION HYSTERESIS

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