基于样本扩张和最大散度差融合的单样本人脸识别算法

为解决只有一个训练样本时最大散度差(MSD) 鉴别分析在人脸识别中的识别性能会降低这一问题,提 出一种基于样本扩张和MSD融合的单样本人脸识别算法。首先,根据人脸的对称相似理论 ,人脸样本的相关变化信息可 以从它的对称脸上提取,并且平均脸也具有要识别测试人脸的某些可能变化,提出组合原始 训练样本及它的虚 拟平均脸和虚拟对称脸作为新的训练样本集;然后,在新的训练样本集上应用类内中间值MS D鉴别分析算法得到最 优投影矩阵,从而可以基于这个最优投影矩阵计算训练样本和待测试样本的特征;最后利用 模糊决策方法进行分类。在ORL和FERET人脸数据库上的大量实验结果表明,本文算法可以提 高识别率,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于K-L变换和平均近邻法的人脸识别

首先介绍了K-L变换和近邻法判别的原理;然后以MATLAB R2009b为实验平台,分别利用类间散布矩阵和总体散布矩阵作为K-L变换的的产生矩阵,对ORL人脸库的400幅图片进行K-L变换,一部分作为训练样本,一部分作为待识别样本,训练样本以产生特征脸空间;接着计算出待识别图片在特征脸空间的坐标,采用平均近邻法进行人脸识别.最终的实验结果给出了基于两种产生矩阵的算法时间和正确识别率,实验证明采用K-L变换对人脸提取特征很有效,本文基于K-L变换和平均近邻判别法的人脸识别的方法正确率最高可达到95％.     

自适应通用学习框架改进FLDA的人脸识别

针对传统的Fisher线性判别分析(FLDA)算法在处理单训练样本人脸识别时由于类内散布矩阵为零而不能进行特征提取的问题,提出了一种基于自适应通用学习框架改进FLDA的人脸识别算法。首先选取一个合适的通用训练样本集,计算其类内散布矩阵和样本平均向量;然后,利用双线性表示算法预测单训练样本的类内、类间散布矩阵,巧妙地解决了单训练样本类内散布矩阵为零的问题;最后,利用Fisher线性判别分析进行特征提取,同时借助于最近邻分类器完成人脸的识别。在Yale及FERET两大通用人脸数据库上的实验验证了所提算法的有效性及可靠性,实验结果表明,相比其他几种较为先进的单样本人脸识别算法,所提算法取得了更好的识别效果。     

基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法

在人脸识别中,人脸图像往往受到表情、光照、遮挡、姿态变化的影响,对此本文提出一种基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法。该算法先用低秩矩阵恢复算法分解出训练样本图像的误差图像,再分别对训练样本与误差图像提取特征构造特征字典,计算测试样本图像特征字典下的协同表示系数,最后通过重构误差进行分类。通过AR和ORL人脸库进行实验,结果表明,本文提出的人脸识别算法的识别率、识别速率得到有效提高。     

基于改进LSDA的人体行为识别算法

提出了一种基于改进的局部敏感判别分析(LSDA)的人体行为识别算法.首先,利用样本间的距离信息重置类内最近邻点集和类间最近邻点集的权值矩阵,保证在最大化目标函数时尽可能保持局部线性重构特性,解决小样本难题;然后,通过Gran-Schmidt正交化方法将特征矩阵进行正交化,可有效地保留原始空间中的高维空间,解决图像特征重建难题;最后在Weizmann行为数据库进行实验,平均正确识别率达到98.21％.试验结果表明,该算法具有良好的分类性能,在不同训练样本个数下,该算法均能获得较高的识别率.     

改进的双向2DPCA的人脸识别方法

为了提高人脸识别的准确率,且考虑到训练样本的平均值不一定是训练样本分布中心,提出了改进的双向2DPCA人脸识别方法。首先,应用样本中间值代替样本的平均值来重建图像的总体散布矩阵,求解图像总体散布矩阵得到行列两个方向的最优投影向量,然后把人脸图像向这两个方向变换得到人脸识别特征矩阵,最后应用支持向量机进行分类识别。在ORL人脸库和Yale人脸库上对该算法进行实验研究,表明此方法在识别性能上优于普通的二维主成分分析和普通的双向二维主成分分析算法。     

一种基于奇异值特征的神经网络人脸识别新途径

本文在Z Hong等人使用的奇异值分解(SVD)基础上,将人脸图像矩阵的奇异值作为识别特征,解决了奇异值处理、神经网络训练策略和竞争选择问题;运用BP网络进行识别,提出了一种基于奇异值特征的神经网络人脸识别新方法.基于ORL人脸数据库的多次反复实验结果表明,在大样本情况下,识别方法具有实现简单、识别速度快、识别率高的特点,为人脸的实时识别提供了一种新途径.     

FLDA方法在单样本人脸识别中的应用研究

在人脸识别应用中,当每个人有多个训练样本(MSPP)时,Fisher线性判别分析(FLDA)方法可以很好地用于特征提取.然而,当每个人只有一个训练样本(SSPP)时,因为类内散布矩阵为零矩阵,所以FLDA方法将不能使用.为了解决该问题,提出了一种比较新颖的方法来估计类内散布矩阵,借助于奇异值分解(SVD)方法,先将人脸图像分解成两部分,然后分别估计出类内散布矩阵及类间散布矩阵,使FLDA方法能够得到有效的应用.在ORL及Yale上的实验表明了提出的方法比现有的许多方法取得了更好的识别效果.     

有监督低秩子空间恢复的正则鲁棒稀疏表示人脸识别算法

针对训练样本和测试样本均存在光照及遮挡时,破坏图像低秩结构问题,本文提出基于监督低秩子空间恢复的正则鲁棒稀疏表示人脸识别算法。首先,将所有训练样本构造成矩阵D,对矩阵D进行监督低秩矩阵分解,分解为低秩类相关结构A,低秩类内差异结构B和稀疏误差结构E;然后用主成分分析方法找到类相关结构A低秩子空间的变换矩阵;再通过变换矩阵将训练样本和测试样本投影到低秩子空间;最后,在低秩子空间中,通过正则鲁棒稀疏编码进行加权分类识别。在AR和Extended Yale B公开人脸数据库上的实验结果验证本文算法的有效性及鲁棒性。      

基于样本-扩展差分模板的联合双稀疏表示人脸识别

在人脸识别中,每类数据分别位于由字典形成的高维空间中的多个低维线性子空间,考虑到这一结构信息对识别起到一定支持作用,利用块结构稀疏表示进行人脸识别。针对训练图像不能涵盖测试条件下的人脸变化这个问题,提出基于样本-扩展差分模板的联合双稀疏表示识别算法。它通过构造样本-扩展差分模板来表示训练样本与测试样本之间可能存在的差异,这些类内差异信息可被不同的类别所共享,即任何一类人脸图像的类内差异可表示为其他类别类内差异图像的原子稀疏线性组合。这样识别问题被转换为在训练样本空间和扩展差分模板空间寻找测试样本的块稀疏与原子稀疏的联合双稀疏表示。在AR和Extended Yale B数据库上的实验结果表明,在具有光照、表情变化和遮挡的情况下,本文提出的识别算法具有更好的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.