Characteristic of martensite–austenite constituents in coarse grained heat affected zone of HSLA steel with varying Al contents

The fine microstructure of martensite–austenite (M–A) constituents in simulated coarse grained heat affected zone (HAZ) of high strength low alloy steel with varying aluminium content (0·038 and 0·070 wt-%) at 100 kJ cm^?1 heat input welding was investigated. The result shows that M–A constituents with 0·038%Al consisted of lath martensite and retained austenite. The retained austenite was distributed along the martensite lath. Whereas, the M–A constituents with 0·070%Al consisted of lath martensite and retained austenite, as well as a small amount of twinned martensite. The amount of retained austenite in M–A constituents with 0·070%Al was becoming higher slightly than that with 0·038%Al. Accordingly, the volume fraction of M–A constituents was reduced with 0·070%Al. Appropriate aluminium addition could decrease not only the area fraction but also the size of M–A constituents, which are beneficial for improving the toughness of HAZ.     

热输入对WEL—TEN780A高强钢焊接热影响区断裂性能和组织的影响

研究了焊接热输入对ＷＥＬ－ＴＥＮ７８０Ａ高强度钢热影响区断裂性能的影响。结果表明,通过控制焊接热输入可以获得理想的焊接热影响区断裂性能。     

Effect of martensite–austenite constituent on toughness of simulated inter-critically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone in X70 pipeline steel

The inter-critically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (ICCGHAZ) of X70 pipeline steel with different second peak temperature and heat input was simulated in this study by means of Gleeble3500 simulator. The volume fraction, size, shape and distribution of martensite–austenite (M–A) constituent were analysed. The toughness of ICCGHAZ and corresponding fractographs were examined. The results showed that the distribution of M–A was strongly influenced by second peak temperature, and M–A constituent with necklace structure at lower second peak temperature led to worse toughness. The volume fraction and size of M–A were strongly affected by heat input, the volume fraction of M–A constituent increased with the increase of heat input; the volume fraction and size of M–A were key factors of toughness deterioration; the interfacial energies and the initiation of crack were related to the shape of M–A constituent.     

局部脆性区对直接淬火回火钢焊接热影响区断裂韧性的影响

通过焊接热模拟和厚板焊接接头ＣＴＯＤ断裂性能试验,研究了直接淬火回火钢焊接热影响区局部脆性区组织和性能及对厚板焊接接头断裂韧性的影响,结果表明,在γ＋α二相区的内再次加热的粗晶区（ＩＣＣＧＨＡＺ）具有最低冲击韧性值,是焊接接头中最薄弱环节,该区在原奥氏体晶界上分布着“项链”状,ＭＡ组元,引发多层焊热影响区脆断起裂,降低热影响区断裂韧性,局部脆性区韧性的高低和尺寸的大小是控制直接淬火回火钢多层焊热和     

工程机械用800MPa低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区断裂韧性评价

随着工程机械的大型化,需要采用800MPa低合金高强度钢结构。为了保证焊接接头具有良好的韧性,必须合理控制焊接热作用,避免焊接接头脆化。本研究采用热模拟试件,研究了焊接冷却时间及加热温度对800MPa低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区(HAZ)断裂韧性的影响及其显微组织特征。发现在t8/5为18s时,HAZ具有最好的断裂韧性。随着t8/5的增加,奥氏体晶粒逐渐长大,马氏体的体积分数逐渐降低,粒状贝氏体的数量不断增加,断裂韧性逐渐下降。t8/5大于45s,LT方向试件出现脆性失稳现象。焊接接头各区的韧性分布是,过热区的断裂韧性最好,两相区的断裂韧性最差,粗晶区的韧性优于细晶区。影响HAZ韧性的主要因素是贝氏体的形态和分布。研究结果为制定合理的焊接工艺和大型工程机械的断裂安全评定奠定基础。     

低碳微合金Ti-Nb可焊钢中的N及其第二相粒子

研究了系列低碳微合金Ti-Nb可焊钢中的N含量对模拟焊接热影响区(HAZ)高温奥氏体晶粒尺寸和冲击韧度的影响及其第二相粒子的作用.对试样进行了大热输入焊接热模拟,测定了高温奥氏体晶粒尺寸和焊后试样中的冲击韧度值,并用透射电子显微镜萃取复型法观察了典型试样中第二相粒子(Ti,Nb)N的形态及分布特征.结果表明,钢中Ti、N含量及第二相粒子的尺寸和数目与高温奥氏体晶粒尺寸及冲击韧度值具有很好的对应关系;钢中的N由于生成了细小弥散分布的第二相粒子(Ti,Nb)N而细化了高温奥氏体晶粒,改善了焊后韧性.低碳微合金Ti-Nb钢中适宜的含氮量有一个范围.     

奥氏体晶粒对52CrMoV4弹簧钢强韧性的影响

采用850℃至1200℃的淬火温度,探索了奥氏体晶粒尺寸对52CrMoV4弹簧钢强韧性的影响。通过光学金相和扫描电镜观察了显微组织和断口形貌及断裂路径。结果表明,随着晶粒的粗化,强度变化很小,拉伸塑性呈线性降低,断裂韧度和冲击韧度呈现先降后增的反常趋势。晶粒尺寸和马氏体束尺寸是影响拉伸塑性的重要因素,而断裂韧度和冲击韧度与晶界状况和马氏体条的宽长比有关。     

热处理对高速车轮组织和断裂韧性的影响

以ER8车轮钢为对象,采用预处理+终处理方法改善车轮组织状态,并分析了工艺参数对晶粒尺寸及分布的影响。结果表明:经过870℃×1.5 h预处理+840℃×1.5 h终处理,晶粒平均尺寸及分布均匀性明显改善,断裂韧性得到显著提高;在保温1.5 h的终处理中,900℃时异常晶粒快速长大,平均晶粒尺寸出现局部峰值;随着初始组织均匀性的提高,异常晶粒尺寸与正常晶粒尺寸相对差(RD)达到峰值的温度有提高趋势。     

焊后热处理对DH36钢焊接接头断裂韧性的影响

文中对DH36钢埋弧焊焊接接头进行了焊后热处理,并根据BS7448标准对焊缝和热影响区进行裂纹尖端张开位移CTOD测试,研究焊后热处理对断裂韧性的影响.结果表明,焊后热处理对焊缝断裂韧性的影响并不一定是好的效果,热处理后,焊缝δ值有的升高有的降低;焊后热处理对热影响区粗晶区的断裂韧性有不利影响,热处理后,热影响区粗晶区的δ值均有所下降.经过焊后热处理,90 mm厚焊缝试样的δ值略有下降,60mm厚焊缝试样的δ值明显升高;90mm厚热影响区试样的δ值明显下降,60mm厚热影响区试样的δ值略有下降.     

Evaluation of cryogenic fracture toughness in SMA-welded 9% Ni steels through modified CTOD test

As the first step of the study for the safety performance of LNG storage tank based on the concept of fitness-for-purpose, the change of cryogenic toughness within the X-grooved weld HAZ (heat-affected zone) of SMA (shielded metal arc)-welded QLT (quenching, lamellarizing, and tempering)-processed 9% Ni steels, was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. In general, CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) test is widely used to determine the fracture toughness of steel weldments. But there is no standard or draft for evaluating the toughness of thick weldment with X-groove such as in this case. Therefore, in this study, modified CTOD testing method for fatigue precracking. calculation of CTOD, examination of fractured specimen was proposed and used. And the results of modified test were compared with those of conventional CTOD test and Charpy V-notch impact test. In addition, the relationship between the fracture toughness and microstructure was analyzed by OM, SEM and XRD. The cryogenic toughness in HAZ decreased as the evaluated region approached the fusion line from base metal. The decrease in toughness was apparently caused by the reduction of the retained austenite content and the absence of grain refinement effect in the coarse-grained zone in HAZ. The austenite reduction resulted from the decrease in nucleation sites for α’γ reverse transformation due to the increase in fraction of coarse-grained zone within HAZ. More complex thermal cycles in the mixed zone of weld metal and base metal caused the poor stability of retained austenite in the zone by the redistribution of alloying element in retained austenite. Due to this reason, the toughness drop with decreasing test temperature in F.L. (fusion line)-F.L.+3 mm was larger than that in F.L.+5 mm and F.L.+7 mm.     

In-situ microscopy study of grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steel by TiN particle

High-strength low-alloy steels subjected to high heat input welding are susceptible to failure due to low toughness caused by grain coarsening. The effect of TiN on grain refinement in the simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) was investigated. Because of small amount of Ti addition, abundant dispersed nanoscale TiN precipitates were formed. The TiN precipitates tended to be stable at high temperature and effectively retarded the austenite grain growth by refining the grain size during thermal cycle. Furthermore, the TiN also covered on the surface of Al–Ti complex oxide with MnS and caused low interface energy with ferrite. The acicular ferrite grains nucleated on complex inclusion in austenite grains at intermediate temperature and induced the austenite grain transform to the fine-grained mixed microstructure of acicular ferrite and bainite. The crystallographic grain size became small in the simulated HAZ due to the effective pinning effect and acicular ferrite formation.     

GMAW焊接传热及其对HAZ奥氏体晶粒长大过程的影响

精确分析熔化极气体保护电弧焊（ＧＭＡＷ）焊接传热过程的前提是对施加于工件表面上的焊接热输入分布模式有一个恰当的、合乎实际的描述。本文作者根据电弧物理的基本原理和熔滴与熔池的交互作用,建立了双峰分布的电弧热流密度分布模型,确定了熔滴热焓量在熔池内部的分布区域。以此为基础,建立了ＧＭＡＷ焊接传热的数学模型,给出了焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒长大的动力学方程。采用数值模拟技术研究了低碳钢和ＨＱ１３０钢ＨＡＺ的     

焊接工艺参数对9%Ni钢热影响区低温韧性的影响

采用热模拟技术研究了热输入和层间温度对9％Ni钢焊接热影响区中四个亚区域低温韧性的影响,并利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪对各亚区域的组织形态和数量分布进行了观察分析。结果表明,临界热影响区低温韧性对热输入和层问温度的变化不敏感;层间温度是影响粗晶区低温韧性的主要工艺参数;热输入则是影响过临界粗晶区和临界粗晶区低温韧性的主要工艺参数。热输入越大,晶粒和组织越粗大,低温韧性恶化;层间温度提高,马氏体的自回火作用越显著,低温韧性改善。因此,焊接9％Ni钢时,应采用较小的焊接热输入,配合较高的层间温度。     

718合金TIG焊热影响区组织变化

以不同热输入对轧制、铸态、铸后均匀化热处理3种2.8 mm厚Inconel-718薄板进行TIG焊试验.观察各接头母材与HAZ(焊接热影响区)组织,分析热输入对3种母材接头HAZ晶粒结构、大小的影响.发现随热输入增大,轧制母材焊接接头HAZ沉淀相大量溶解,等轴晶晶粒长大明显,速度为铸态或均匀化接头4.6倍.铸态或均匀化母材呈树枝晶,晶粒较大;HAZ偏析区扩散消失,奥氏体成分趋于均匀,树枝晶结构痕迹减弱;沉淀相残留于原枝晶间位置,在抑制HAZ晶粒长大的同时,保留部分树枝晶结构痕迹;铸态母材焊接接头HAZ沉淀相多于均匀化接头,更接近树枝晶结构.     

Influence of Prior Austenite Grain Size on the Degree of Temper Embrittlement in Cr-Mo Steel

Reversible temper embrittlement has been frequently observed in many different low alloy steels serving at high temperature, e.g. order of 500 °C. This type of embrittlement can change the brittle transgranular fracture mode to intergranular decohesion with subsequent change in fracture stress and fracture toughness. The present paper deals with the influence of the prior austenite grain size and isothermal aging time on the degree of embrittlement of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, which is very popular for its use in power generating and other petrochemical industries. In this research work, the specimens of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel were treated in three different austenitizing temperatures along with different isothermal embrittling time periods. Then the induced degree of embrittlement was characterized by the fracture stress values at −196 °C and area fraction of intergranular failure. The outcome of the experimental results shows that the increase in austenite grain size and/or isothermal embrittling time severely weakens the grain boundary cohesive strength leading to brittle intergranular failures and thus to a greater degree of temper embrittlement.     

INFLUENCE OF LOCAL BRITTLE ZONE ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOYED MULTIPASS WELD METALS

1.IntroductionManyillvestigatiolls[1--5]havefOllndthattilelocalbrittlezone(LBZ)playsanimportantroleinfyacturetoughnessofheat--affectedzoneinthebasemetalfornormalizedandthermomechanicallycontrolledprocessingsteels,aswellasdirectquellchedandtemperedsteels.Therearefewreportsaboutthisphellomellainhigh-strengtllmllltipassweldmetals.Inmultipasswelds,thereareprimaryweldmetalandweldmetalreheatedtovarioustemperaturesbythesubsequentbeads[6'71.Thereheatedregionfinderabeadcanbedividedintoacoarsegrainedz…     

Tempered martensite embrittlement in a 32NiCrMoV125 steel

This study focused on tempered martensite embrittlement in a 32NiCrMoV125 steel through examination of the effects of austenite grain size and tempering temperature on the mechanical properties and fracture morphology of this material. Two different austenite grain sizes were obtained by austenitizing at 870 and 950 °C. After quenching, the specimens were tempered in the temperature range of 200–650 °C. The results obtained in this research indicate that by increasing the tempering temperature, the strength and hardness decrease, but ductility increases. However, impact testing indicated that tempered martensite embrittlement occurred when samples were tempered in the range of 250–400 °C. Fractography revealed intergranular and quasi-cleavage fracture. In summary, increasing the austenite grain size decreased strength, but increased impact toughness, except for samples tempered between 200 and 350 °C.     

含Ti微合金钢中的第二相粒子对焊接粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

利用碳萃取复型技术研究了含Ti微合金钢及其模拟粗晶区 (CGHAZ)中的第二相粒子 ,并利用OM(光镜 )、TEM(透射电镜 )及系列冲击试验对含Ti微合金钢及一种成分相近的不含Ti低合金高强钢焊接粗晶区的组织及韧性进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,含Ti微合金钢中含有大量的、尺寸细小的TiN粒子 ,这些粒子非常稳定 ,在焊接热循环过程中能有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒长大 ,抑制粗大贝氏体的形成 ,促进针状铁素体析出及M -A组元的分解 ,从而显著改善低合金高强钢焊接粗晶热影响区的韧性 ,t8/5(80 0～5 0 0℃冷却时间 )越大 ,这种改善作用越明显     

焊接热输入量对15MnVN钢热影响区断裂韧性的影响

采用COD 试验方法测定了15MnVN 钢多道焊四种热输入量焊接热影响区的断裂韧性。详细观察并测定了其微观组织、晶粒尺寸和不同组织的比例。结果表明,热输入量大,增大了热影响区粗晶区的晶粒尺寸,而由后续焊遭热循环作用产生的细晶区面积则减少,从而提高了转变温度。本文分析了多道焊热影响区脆化的原因和热输入量对脆化程度的影响,提出了板厚56mm 的这种合金钢的合适的焊接热输入量。